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| 14960265858 | cell theory | - All living things are made of cells - Basic units of life - Cells come from cells | 0 | |
| 14960278570 | surface area to volume ratio in cells how does shape help? | if volume is disproportionate organelles cannot transport and do all the processes efficiently b/c certain places are close to the surface and easier transport | 1 | |
| 14960309595 | cell membrane makeup | lipids tails and heads are polar lipids don't like water but can pass thru cell membrane cholesteral proteins | 2 | |
| 14960334396 | prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes | P - no nucleus to hold DNA, cell wall E - DNA in nucleus, mitochondria Both - ribosomes, cell membrane | 3 | |
| 14960352792 | Plant vs. Animal Cells | Plant: use oxygen - turgor pressure (really compact cell membrane) water pressure and when plant wilts cell membrane shrivels | 4 | |
| 14960379294 | Lysosomes | break down organelles that don't work anymore. break down macromolecules into monomers w/ digestive enzymes. digest the materials that come into the cell by phagocytosis. made by golgi bodies | 5 | |
| 14960396625 | rough ER | Ribosomes are on the surface and involved in protein synthesis - chemically tags/labels proteins, cellular transport thru vesicles -- in lumen the proteins mature and become glycoproteins | 6 | |
| 14960408528 | how do organelles adapt to fit in cells? | folding to fit better. ER has more surface area for chemical reactions | 7 | |
| 14960413159 | Golgi apparatus | packages things - puts in vesicles to be labeled and recognized to know where need to go. adds carbs to proteins to make them glycoproteins (connected to rough endoplasmic reticulum). vesicles come off trans region and go to lysosomes or cell membrane | 8 | |
| 14960428324 | Smooth ER | lipids made - break down glycogen, stores calcium ions - chemical modification of toxic molecules to better have them transported outside of the cell | 9 | |
| 14960432882 | ribosomes | protein synthesis | 10 | |
| 14960442003 | Christae | folds in mitochondria that have more surface are for more chemical reactions | 11 | |
| 14960456280 | mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own... | dna and take food and create energy | 12 | |
| 14960475368 | How cell membrane can alter fluidity... | - cholesteral - ^ = more stiff - tails shortening to make more fluid - tails going from saturated to unsaturated | 13 | |
| 14960494513 | aquaporins | channel proteins that go thru whole cell membrane to let water in | 14 | |
| 14960512207 | peripheral proteins | don't go thru whole membrane | 15 | |
| 14960519743 | Passive transport | no ATP being spent | 16 | |
| 14960528124 | osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | 17 | |
| 14960528126 | diffusion | Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. the smaller the molecule the faster it will diffuse higher temp = more diffusion the greater the concentration gradient the faster diffusion occurs | 18 | |
| 14960531836 | facilitated diffusion | Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels | 19 | |
| 14960536170 | hypotonic solution | too much water going into cell and the cell bursts - more solute inside cell than outside |  | 20 |
| 14960564324 | hypertonic solution | more solute outside cell than inside - cell shrivels b/c water is moving out of it |  | 21 |
| 14960584760 | isotonic solution | same amount of solute inside and outside the cell so no movement |  | 22 |
| 14960601642 | carrier protein | insulin has to be present so that the protein will transport glucose into the cell | 23 | |
| 14960609445 | pump proteins - active transport | movement from low to high concentration - 3 sodium pumped out of cell every time 2 potassium are pumped in |  | 24 |
| 14961406734 | archaebacteria | live in inhospitable places | 25 | |
| 14961451954 | peroxisomes relationship to catalase | make catalase and catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide | 26 | |
| 14961499379 | Endosymbiotic theory | theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms - chloroplast and mitochondria have their own DNA | 27 | |
| 14961536637 | mitochondria | harvest chemical energy ATP from glucose: breakdown of glucose begins in cytosol right outside the membrane into the christae | 28 | |
| 14961549982 | nucleus | houses DNA, site of ribosome production in the nucleolus, DNA replication, transcription in nucleus and translation in cytoplasm | 29 | |
| 14961567757 | vacoules | storage of toxic substances and waste products larger ones in plant cells osmosis of water in cytoplasm into vacoule creates turgor pressure on the cell wall to keep structure break down macromolecules into monomers to be used for other things | 30 | |
| 14961618071 | fluid mosaic model | piece of art with multiple pieces making it up and things sticking out -- Little pieces sticking out -- phospholipids are not connected to each other | 31 | |
| 14962546663 | 3 ways fluidity of membrane is affected | 1.Lipid comp - change lipids to saturated or unsaturated to allow looser composition and adjust to temp. 2. Temperature - more fluid b/c makes it less rigid and adapts to temp Phospholipids-varying types 3. Cholesterol-up to 25% of membrane composition Cholesterol → liver produces cholesterol b/c needed in cell membrane Provides structure → more cholesterol = more structure Decrease cholesterol to keep membrane loose and not freeze | 32 | |
| 14962556241 | transmembrane proteins | protein goes all the way through the membrane --- Allows product to not be rejected by the hydrophobic cells with the channel proteins | 33 | |
| 14962567737 | recognition sites | identifying the cell or decide when things come in and out | 34 | |
| 14962581494 | glycolipid | carb to lipid | 35 | |
| 14962585332 | glycoprotein | carb to protein | 36 | |
| 14962592888 | proteoglycan | longer chains of carbs - protein | 37 | |
| 14962608611 | 3 types of proteins in cell membrane | Proteins are an important part of the membrane 1. Peripheral- interact with polar areas protein that is only on the outside of the membrane (no interaction with hydrophobic tails) 2. Integral-Partially Embedded 3. Transmembrane-breach entire membrane | 38 | |
| 14962648542 | what is the goal of diffusion | equilibrium | 39 | |
| 14962652585 | how does temp effect diffusion | temp increases diffusion | 40 | |
| 14962780695 | carrier protein | does not work unless a certain hormone is present moves from high to low and specific to certain thing - bind to solutes on one side and put it out the other - active transport | 41 | |
| 14963120764 | channel proteins | passive transport | 42 | |
| 14963322955 | water potential = | water concentration, higher potential w/ higher concentration of pure water | 43 | |
| 14963475633 | solute potential | decreases w/ increased solute concentration, decrease in water potential | 44 | |
| 14963521363 | for energy to be released from ATP... primary active transport | the bond needs to break between the phosphates and the rearrangement of bonds to release energy - hydrolysis reaction | 45 | |
| 14963544986 | secondary active transport | uses energy created from the flow of diffusion - sodium potassium pump | 46 | |
| 14963557781 | endocytosis | cell membrane receptors pick up on important substance and create a vesicle to bring the material into the cell (phospholipids create circle) and the materials disperse and then phospholipids go back to membrane |  | 47 |
| 14963563442 | exocytosis | vesicle forms on inside of cells and allows vesicle to go thru the membrane and material is released and phospholipids |  | 48 |
| 14963615358 | phagocytosis | anything transferred in and out of cells that is solid - bring in material, the secondary lysosome fuses with it, diigests it and the rest is expelled | 49 | |
| 14963737798 | Pinocytosis | anything transferred in or out of cells that is liquid - bring in fluid, the secondary lysosome fuses with it, diigests it and the rest is expelled | 50 | |
| 14967785041 | chloroplasts | - green b/c chlorophyll - harvest energy of the sun thru photosynthesis to make chemical energy - thylakoids - in stacks called granums and the fluid areounf them is called stroma and have ribosomes and dna | 51 | |
| 14967839585 | glyxosomes | stored lipids are converted into carbs for transport to growing cells | 52 | |
| 14967924409 | plasmodesmata | channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells - plant cells | 53 | |
| 14967941181 | extracellular matrix | provides samish function the cell wall does for plant cells but is made of collagen and preteoglycans protein integrin connects this to the cell membrane and is reversible | 54 | |
| 14967980103 | cell junctions | 1) tight junctions - prevent substances from moving thru spaces b/w cells 2) desmosomes - hold cells together with proteins but allows for movement between cells 3) gap junctions - channels that allow substances to go between cells | 55 | |
| 14968318735 | active transport | moves against concentration gradient from low to high and required ATP | 56 |
