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| 262736397 | 1453 | Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks; end of Hundred Years' War | 0 | |
| 262736398 | Ottoman Empire | Turkic empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending throughout Middle East; responsible for conquest of Constantinople and end of Byzantine Empire in 1453; succeeded Seljuk Turks following retreat of Mongols. (p. 503) | 1 | |
| 262736399 | Ibn-Rushd (Averroes) | Iberian Muslim philosopher; studied Greek rationalism; ignored among Muslims but influential in Europe. | 2 | |
| 262736400 | Ming dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. (p. 494) | 3 | |
| 262736401 | Cheng Ho | Admiral (a Moslim Chinese) who commanded the great Indian Ocean expeditions, between 1405 and 1433. (p.501) | 4 | |
| 262736402 | Black Death | Plague that struck Europe in 14th century; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure. (p. 395) | 5 | |
| 262736403 | Renaissance | Cultural and political movement in western Europe; began in Italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages. (p. 504) | 6 | |
| 262736404 | Aragon | Along with Castile, a regional kingdom of the Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. (p. 507) | 7 | |
| 262736405 | Castile | Along with Aragon, a regional kingdom of the Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. (p. 507) | 8 | |
| 262736406 | Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century; marked beginning of Western European expansion. (p. 545) | 9 | |
| 262736407 | ethnocentrism | tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups | 10 |
