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Unit 3 vocab 1 Flashcards

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143257487Absolute MonarchyRuled by a king or queen who power is not limited by a constitutuion0
143257488BoyarsRussian Nobility1
143257489CossacksRussinas who conquored and setteled Siberia in the 16 and 17 centuries2
143257490CriollosA term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person of European descent born in the Americas3
143257491DevshirmeA practice of the Ottoman empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as Janissaries4
143257492Divine RightThe belief of absolute that their right to govern is theirs granted by God5
143257493Dutch LearningWestern learning embraced by some Japanese in the 18th century6
143257494EncomiendaA practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of Naitve Americans on that land to the European colonist7
143257495Enlightenmenta philosophical movement in the 18th century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve humankind and society8
143257496Estates-generalThe traditional legislative body of France9
143257497Glorious RevolutionThe bloodless overthrow of English King James I and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne10
143257498Hagia Sophia(the Church of) Holy Wisdom, now known as the Ayasofya Museum, was an early Christian Church and later an Eastern Orthodox church which was transformed into a mosque in 1453 by the Turks, and converted into a museum in 1935. It is located in Istanbul, Turkey.11
143257499JanissariesMembers of the Ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands. Their control of artillery and firearms gave them prominence over the aristocratic Turkish cavalry. Their extreme conservatism frustrated reform of the Ottoman Empire12
143257500JesuitsMembers of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 153413
143257501ManchusPeoples from northeastern Asia who founded China's Qing dynasty14
143257502MercantilismA European economic policy of the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available, and that each country must adopt policies to obtain as much wealth as possible for itself; key to the attainment of wealth was the acquisition of colonies15
143257503MestizosIn the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and Indian descent16
143257504Middle PassageThe portion of the trans-Atlantic trade that involved the passage of Africans from Africa to the Americas17
143257505Mughal dynastyRulers who controlled most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries18
143257506MulattoIn the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, a person of mixed African and European descent19
143257507Nation-stateA sovereign state whose people share a common culture and national identity20
143257508Parliamentary monarchyA government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament21
143257509PeninsularesIn the Spanish colonies, those who were born in Europe22
143257510PurdahThe Hindu custom of secluding women23
143257511Qing DynastyAlso known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912. The dynasty was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro.24
143257512Reconquista(Reconquest) The recapture of Muslim-held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 149225
143257513RepartamientoIn the Spanish colonies, a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided for fair wages26
143257514SovereigntySelf-rule27
143257515Taj MahalA mausoleum located in Agra, India. The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahān commissioned it as a mausoleum for his favorite wife. The Taj Mahal (sometimes called "the Taj") is generally considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements of Persian and Indian.28
143257516Tokugawa Shogunate(1603—1868), or Tokugawa bakufu, or Edo bakufu, was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city of Edo, now Tokyo. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo castle until the Meiji Restoration.29
143257517Treaty of TordesillasA 1494 treaty in which the pope divided unexplored territories between Spain and Portugal30
143257518Triangular tradeThe eighteenth-century trade network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas31
143257519ViceroyaltyA political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies32

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