Terms : Hide Images
| 51603109 | capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership of capital | 0 | |
| 51603110 | mercantilism | an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests | 1 | |
| 51603111 | adam smith | Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790) | 2 | |
| 51603112 | repartimiento system | required adult male Native Americans to devote a set number of days of labor anually to Spanish economic enterprises. PROBLEM- abused workers due to sense of urgency and exploitation | 3 | |
| 51603113 | Charles V | Holy Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556). He summoned the Diet of Worms (1521) and the Council of Trent (1545-1563). | 4 | |
| 51603114 | Philip II | son of Louis VII whose reign as king of France saw wars with the English that regained control of Normandy and Anjou and most of Poitou (1165-1223) | 5 | |
| 51603115 | Martin Luther | German theologian who led the Reformation | 6 | |
| 51603116 | indulgence | the remission by the pope of the temporal punishment in purgatory that is still due for sins even after absolution | 7 | |
| 51603117 | 95 theses | written by Martin Luther and is widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. It is vitally important to understand that these theses were used for the intent of displaying Luther's displeasure with the Church's indulgences | 8 | |
| 51603118 | John Calvin | Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564) | 9 | |
| 51603119 | Anglican | a Protestant who is a follower of Anglicanism | 10 | |
| 51603120 | Council of Trent | an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 in response to the Reformation | 11 | |
| 51603121 | Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 12 | |
| 51603122 | Ignatius Loyola | founded the Jesuits in 1534. Loyola was a Spanish soldier whose leg had been shattered fighting fro Charles V against the Frech. Loyola's long period of recovery from his injury gave him time to read about the lives of Jesus and the saints. Like Martin Luther, Loyola wondered how he could attain salvation despite his sins. The answer came to him in a vision that he recorded in his book Spiritual Exercises. According to Loyola , salvation could be achieved by self-discipline and by doing good deeds. Loyla convinced six fellow students at the UNiversity of Paris to take religious vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience to the pope and to follow him. Less than 10 years after Loyola founded his group, Pope Paul III recognized it as an offical order of the Catholic Church. He organized the Jesuits like a military body, with discipline and strict obedience | 13 | |
| 51603123 | Elizabeth I | Queen of England from 1558 to 1603 | 14 | |
| 51603124 | Spanish Armada | the Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy led by Francis Drake. This is viewed as the decline of Spains Golden Age, and the rise of England as a world naval power. | 15 | |
| 51603125 | Dutch East India Company | Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies until the british came and took over | 16 | |
| 51603126 | Louis XIV | king of France from 1643 to 1715 | 17 | |
| 51603127 | Napoleonic Wars | A series of wars fought between France (led by Napoleon Bonaparte) and alliances involving England and Prussia and Russia and Austria at different times | 18 | |
| 51603128 | nation-state | describes a country | 19 | |
| 51603129 | serfdom | Lords in Eastern Europe revived serfdom to combat increasing economic challenges. Lords demanded that kings and princes issue laws restricting or eliminating peasants' right of moving freely | 20 | |
| 51603130 | Peter the Great | ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia | 21 | |
| 51603131 | Catherine the great | Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796) | 22 | |
| 51603132 | Ottoman Empire | a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe | 23 | |
| 51603133 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (p. 536) | 24 | |
| 51603134 | Matteo Ricci | An Italian Jesuit who by his knowledge of Astronomy and science was accepted as a missionary of China | 25 | |
| 51603135 | shogun | a hereditary military dictator of Japan | 26 | |
| 51603136 | samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy | 27 | |
| 51603137 | absolute monarch | A king or queen with complete authority over the government and people in a kingdom | 28 | |
| 51603138 | Agrarian | relating to rural matters | 29 | |
| 51603139 | Cash Crop | a readily salable crop that is grown and gathered for the market (as vegetables or cotton or tobacco) | 30 | |
| 51603140 | Circumnavigate | travel around, either by plane or ship | 31 | |
| 51603141 | Colonization | system of settling new lands that remain under the government of their native land | 32 | |
| 51603142 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) | 33 | |
| 51603143 | Moctezuma II | ruler of the Aztec empire | 34 | |
| 51603144 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) | 35 | |
| 51603145 | Atahualpa | Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish. (p. 438) | 36 | |
| 51603146 | encomienda system | priviledge given by Spain to Spanish settlers in the Americas which allowed to control the lands and people of a certain territory | 37 | |
| 51603147 | Commonwealth | a politically organized body of people under a single government noun | 38 | |
| 51603148 | Demography | the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations noun | 39 | |
| 51603149 | Divine Right | belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god. User-contributed | 40 | |
| 51603150 | Monopoly | (economics) a market in which there are many buyers but only one seller noun | 41 | |
| 51603151 | Urbanization | the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban noun | 42 | |
| 51603152 | Utopia | a book by Sir Thomas More (1516) describing the perfect society on an imaginary island noun | 43 | |
| 51603153 | Akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. (p. 536) User-contributed | 44 | |
| 51603154 | Colombian Exchange | the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa User-contributed | 45 | |
| 51603155 | Counter Reformation | the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected) noun | 46 | |
| 51603156 | Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches noun | 47 | |
| 51603157 | Dutch East India Company | Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies. User-contributed | 48 | |
| 51603158 | edict of Nantes | 1598, decree promulgated at Nantes by King Henry IV to restore internal peace in France, which had been torn by the Wars of Religion; the edict defined the rights of the French Protestants User-contributed | 49 | |
| 51603159 | Elizabeth I of England | She supported the northern protestant cause as a safeguard against Spain attacking England. She had her rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, beheaded. Elizabeth I of England succeeded Mary and reestablished Protestantism in England. (p.471-73, 494-96, 521) User-contributed | 50 | |
| 51603160 | Henry VIII | son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547 noun | 51 | |
| 51603161 | Huguenots | French Protestants. The Edict of Nantes (1598) freed them from persecution in France, but when that was revoked in the late 1700s, hundreds of thousands of Huguenots fled to other countries, including America. User-contributed | 52 | |
| 51603162 | Janissary Corps | The Christian slaves of the Ottomans who were not eligible for government positions and served instead as a part of the Ottoman military User-contributed | 53 | |
| 51603163 | Scientific Method | A research method whereby a problem is identified, a hypothesis stated, and hypothesis is tested User-contributed | 54 | |
| 51603164 | Scientific Revolution | an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method User-contributed | 55 | |
| 51603165 | Enlightenment | a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions noun | 56 | |
| 51603166 | Suleiman the magnificent | The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as Suleiman Kanuni, 'The Lawgiver.' He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. (p. 526) User-contributed | 57 | |
| 51603167 | Dar al Islam | house, haven or realm of islam User-contributed | 58 | |
| 51603168 | Gazis | Ottoman warriors - given land, TIMAR, returned to Sultan after death--loyal only to Sultan User-contributed | 59 | |
| 51603169 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life User-contributed | 60 | |
| 51603170 | Madrasa | Muslim schools in Bangladesh and Pakistan noun | 61 | |
| 51603171 | Jizya | tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion User-contributed | 62 | |
| 51603172 | Syncretism | the union (or attempted fusion) of different systems of thought or belief (especially in religion or philosophy) noun | 63 | |
| 51603173 | Sikhs | Nonviolent religous group that blended Buddhism, Hinduism and Sufism User-contributed | 64 | |
| 51603174 | Conurbation | an aggregation or continuous network of urban communities noun | 65 | |
| 51603175 | Thomas Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) noun | 66 | |
| 51603176 | John Locke | English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. User-contributed | 67 | |
| 51603177 | Glorious revolution | the revolution against James II noun | 68 | |
| 51603178 | English bill of rights | King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people. User-contributed | 69 | |
| 51603179 | Parliament | a card game in which you play your sevens and other cards in sequence in the same suit as their sevens noun | 70 | |
| 51603180 | Social Contact | Humans use __ to obtain physical survivial, information they need, the maintenance of a sense of self, and pleasure and comfort according to socioemotional selectivity theory User-contributed | 71 | |
| 51603181 | Empiricism | medical practice and advice based on observation and experience in ignorance of scientific findings noun | 72 | |
| 51603182 | Copernicus | Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543) noun | 73 | |
| 51603183 | Heliocentric Theory | Every thing revolves around the sun studied by Galelo and Copernicus User-contributed | 74 | |
| 51603184 | Geocentric theory | Arrangment of the solar system that places the earth at the center with the sun and planets orbiting the earth User-contributed | 75 | |
| 51603185 | Galileo Galilei | Scientist who built the first telescope and proved that planets and moons move. Persecuted for supporting Copernicus' ideas User-contributed | 76 | |
| 51603186 | Isaac Newton | English Scientist. 3 Laws of motion. Mathematics Principal of Natural Philosophy (1687). User-contributed | 77 | |
| 51603187 | Voltaire | French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778) noun | 78 | |
| 51603188 | Enlightened despotism | philosophes inspired and supported reforms of Enlightened despots-believed absolute rulers should promote good of people-religious toleration, streamlined legal codes, increased access to education, reduction or elimination of torture and death penalty User-contributed | 79 |
