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Unit 4 Ap world history Flashcards

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7999493455absolute monarchA system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power0
7999493456atheistsPeople who deny the existence of God1
7999493457capitalismAn economic system based on private ownership of capital2
7999493458colonizationOne country taking over another area to be used for their benefit3
7999493459commerce/commercialsocial dealings between people4
7999493460commonwealtha political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them5
7999493461divine rightBelief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.6
7999493462demographyScientific study of human populations.7
7999493463humanismA Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements8
7999493464left wingthe liberal, socialist, or radical section of a political party or system9
7999493465mercantilismAn economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought10
7999493466monasticRelating to or resembling a monastery (where monks or nuns live), esp. by being quiet, secluded, contemplative, strict, and/or lacking luxuries11
7999493467monopolyA market in which there are many buyers but only one seller.12
7999493468right wingConservative ideology in which change is opposed and the traditional way of doing things is encouraged13
7999493469revolutionAn overthrow and replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.14
7999493470satireA literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.15
7999493471utopiaan ideal society16
7999493472hagia sophiaMost famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world.17
7999493473vernacularEveryday language of ordinary people18
7999493474age of reasona movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions19
7999493475Akbar the greatknown for religious tolerance. grandson of Babur who created a strong central government20
7999493476john calvin1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.21
7999493477martin lutherA German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. He led the Protestant Reformation.22
7999493478Elizabeth I(1533-1603) Queen of England and Ireland between 1558 and 1603. She was an absolute monarch and is considered to be one of the most successful rulers of all time.23
7999493479henry VIII(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.24
7999493480encomienda systemIt gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to Christianity25
7999493481english bill of rightsKing William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.26
7999493482floating empiresPortuguese and the Spanish set out to sea, controlled many major shipping routes27
7999493483goa, indiaPortuguese trading port. They took control with a fleet of ships.28
7999493484Gutenberg's printing pressthe printing press that allowed the spread of protestant ideas and the bible29
7999493485hacienda systemsimilar to the feudal system, Natives got money and had to buy their products from their owners30
7999493486hapsburg spainCharles V was the king here and this is where counter reformation was strongest.31
7999493487heliocentric theorythe idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.32
7999493488huguenotsFrench Protestants33
7999493489indulgencesSelling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.34
7999493490dutch east india companyGovernment-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.35
7999493491edict of Nantes1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship.36
7999493492counter reformationthe reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)37
7999493493protestant reformationA religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.38
7999493494the three g'sGod, glory and gold39
7999493495scientific revolutionA major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.40
7999493496shogunA general who ruled Japan in the emperor's name41
7999493497solemn the magnificent(Ottoman Empire) Created the largest empire and rebuilt legal system42
7999493498thirty years warProtestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia.1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.43
7999493499treaty of WestphaliaEnded Thirty Years' War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic.44
7999493500zheng heAn imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.45
7999493501Tokugawa bakufu systemlast feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1603 and 18646
7999493502janissariesInfantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.47
7999493503gunpowder empiresMuslim empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and the Mughals that employed cannonry and gunpowder to advance their military causes.48
7999493504peter the great(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.49
7999493505An accurate list of the Gunpowder Empires?Safavid Persia, Ottoman Turkey, Mughal India50
7999493506Viva LaRaza51
7999493507What system managed the transportation of goods throughout the world?Columbian Exchange52
7999493508What were considered cash crops?Sugar and Tobacco53

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