Ottoman Empire, Islamic Heartlands and Qing China
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| 54985807 | Mahmud II | Ottoman sultan defeats Jainessaires, based reforms on western ideals | 54985807 | |
| 54985808 | Tanzimat Reforms | Western style reforms for Ottomans (1839-1876) military reforms adopted European style constitution | 54985808 | |
| 54985809 | Young Turks | those who believed in western ideals and supporters of Tanzimat Reforms | 54985809 | |
| 54985810 | Mamluks | Muslim Egyptian rulers defeated by Napolean (1738) showed their inferior tech. thus leading to Tanzimat Reform | 54985810 | |
| 54985811 | Muhammed Ali | Egyptian leader modernizes Egypt with little changes | 54985811 | |
| 54985812 | Khedives | descendants of M. Ali, ruled Egypt until 1952 | 54985812 | |
| 54985813 | Suez Canal | Built to link the Mediterranean to Red Seae opened (1869) later occupied by British | 54985813 | |
| 54985814 | Nurhaci | United Manchu defeated Ming established Qing | 54985814 | |
| 54985815 | Kangxi | Qing ruler Confucian scholar promotes synification, of Manchus and Chinese | 54985815 | |
| 54985816 | Opium War | British v. Qing China: protected British trade in Opium. Led to Spheres of Influence in China and division | 54985816 | |
| 54985817 | Taiping Rebellion | massive rebellion (1850-1864) South China sought to overthrow Qing and Confucianism led by Christian radicals | 54985817 | |
| 54985818 | Hong Xiuquan | led Taiping Rebellion, converted to christianity | 54985818 | |
| 54985819 | Cixi | conservative empress dominated last decades of Qing dynasty | 54985819 | |
| 54985820 | Boxer Rebellion | group of martial artist fighters rebels against foreigners showing anti-foreigner sentiment | 54985820 | |
| 54985821 | Puyi | Last Qing ruler 10 yrs. old, deposed 1912 official end of Qing dynasty | 54985821 | |
| 54985822 | Qing | controlled by Manchus China's last dynasty | 54985822 |
