Unit 4 Test Review Guide (Chapters 21-27) for AP World History.
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| 656092388 | Describe Akbar the Great's new religion, the Din-i-Ilahi | Blended faiths (Muslims and Hindus) in an attempt to reconcile them. | |
| 656092389 | What event led to the end of the Byzantine Empire? | The Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453. | |
| 656092390 | What language was spoken in the Ottoman court? | Turkish. | |
| 656092391 | Compare and Contrast the origins of the Ottomans to the origins of the Safavids. | The Safavids were from a Sufi order, and the Ottomans were a small state that rose into an empire. | |
| 656092392 | After Chaldiran, what was the official language of the Safavid Empire? | Persian. | |
| 656092393 | What were the original lands of the Ottoman Empire? | Anatolia. | |
| 656092394 | Describe how the artisans of Constantinople were similar to their counterparts in the West. | They were organized into Guilds. | |
| 656092395 | Who was at the head of the bureaucracy of the Ottoman Empire? | The Sultan (Grand Vizier). | |
| 656092396 | Why were the Europeans disappointed when they arrived in Asia? | Few Asians were interested in Christianity. | |
| 656092397 | How did the Portuguese obtain the products they wanted in Calicut? | They had to tap into what little silver they had (Muslims beat them *not literally*). | |
| 656092398 | Where did the cotton textile come from? | The Indian zone on the Asian sea trading network. | |
| 656092399 | What products came from China? | Paper, porcelain, and silk textiles. | |
| 656092400 | What groups in Asian and African societies were most prone to convert to Christianity? | Outcaste groups. | |
| 656092401 | What led to the population explosion in the Yangtze region? | The importation, through Spanish and Portuguese merchant intermediaries, of new food crops from the Americas (especially the root crops from the Andes highlands). | |
| 656092402 | What group took control of China after the Ming fell? | The Qing (specifically, northern nomads, Jurchens or Manchus). | |
| 656092403 | How did the Jesuits maintain high positions within the Ming court? | They claimed thousands of converts for Nobunaga's campaigns against Buddhism. | |
| 656092404 | What policies did Japan introduce to promote isolation in the 17th Century? | Merchants were confined to a few cities, Christian persecution began (Christianity was banned), Japanese ships could not sail overseas, and Western books were banned. | |
| 656092405 | What was the result of the political philosophies of the Enlightenment? | Enlightenment thinkers challenged the existing order and opened a gap between intellectuals and established institutions. | |
| 656092406 | List the causes of the French Revolution. | Financial problems, enlightenment thinking, end to manorialism, and demands for greater political representation. | |
| 656092407 | Describe the radical phase of the French Revolution. | The monarchy was abolished and the king executed; internal enemies of the regime were purged during the Reign of Terror. The new rulers wished to extend reforms, calling for universal male suffrage and broad social reform. The metric system was introduced, and all male citizens became subject to military service. The invaders of France were driven out and revolutionary fervor spread to other European nations. | |
| 656092408 | Who was victorious in gaining power in France for the final phase of the Revolution? | Napoleon Bonaparte. | |
| 656092409 | Describe what happened at the peace conference at Vienna following the fall of France. | Made territorial adjustments which kept Europe stable for nearly a century. (Russia gained rights to Poland) | |
| 656092410 | What gave the vote to the middle class in Great Britain? | The Reform Bill of 1832. | |
| 656092411 | After industrialization, what led to a more stable population in Europe? | Declining birth rates and declining death rates. | |
| 656092412 | Describe imperialism in the period following European industrialization. | High Imperialism to distinguish it from all efforts at overseas conquest. Ability to conquer other territories, due to, technology: steam ships, rapid-firing rifles, machine guns, railroads, telegraph cables. | |
| 656092413 | What is the relationship between the internal economies of the European colonies and the European mother countries? | Most economies were dependent on Europe. Mining became a major industry (workers did not gain much), workers were taught to work more efficiently in trade for cheap consumer goods, and the colonies were seen as a source of raw materials and a market for mass produced goods. | |
| 656092414 | What are some of the results of the first contacts between the Maoris and Europeans during the 1790s? | Alcoholism, prostitution, smallpox, and firearms. | |
| 656092415 | What are the motives for European expansion in the late 19th Century? | The need to ensure a supply of raw materials, the use of colonies as pressure valves to release the pressures of unemployed workers and surplus goods, and the pressure of public opinion. | |
| 656092416 | What two republics were founded by the Boers in the 1850s? | Orange Free State and Transvaal. | |
| 656092417 | In what ways did the British experience in India differ from that of the Dutch in Java? | The English meddled in local affairs (enforced reforms). | |
| 656092418 | Describe the government of Mexico under Diaz. | Increasingly autocratic and oppressed political opposition. | |
| 656092419 | Who were the caudillos? | Independent leaders in Latin America who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies. | |
| 656092420 | What revolution did the creole elites reject as a model revolution because of excessive radicalism? | The French Revolution. | |
| 656092421 | Describe the status of women in post-independence Latin America? | They gained little ground as a result of Independence movements. | |
| 656092422 | Who was the first Safavid Shah? | Isma'il. | |
| 656092423 | What were some of the reasons for the economic stagnation in Latin America from 1820 to 1850? | The mining sector was slow to recover after the wars of independence. The transportation network and port facilities were still under-developed, and it lacked capital investment or found that so much capital was tied up in land that it was unavailable for investment in industry. | |
| 656092424 | List the accomplishments of Babur (ruler of India). | He established the Mughal Dynasty, brought an end to the Delhi Sultanate, defeated the Rajput confederacy formed by Rana Sangram Singh of Mewar along with a number of Rajput kingdoms like Marwar, Gwalior, Ajmeer, Ambar, etc. under the leadership of Mahmud Lodi, defeated the Eastern Afghans, went on conquests (extended from Kabul to Gogra, Himalayas in North and South) | |
| 656092425 | Describe the Muslim economy in the 18th Century. | The economy was vulnerable to fluctuation in demand on cotton. Any revenue was wasted on luxury and failed military campaigns. Growing indebtedness to European financiers. | |
| 656092426 | What groups in the Muslim economy were most dependent on Western goods? | Merchants within the empire (mainly Jews and Christians). | |
| 656092427 | Which group within the Ottoman empire suffered as a result of the Tanzimat Reforms? | Artisans. | |
| 656092428 | Which of Muhammad Ali's reforms failed? | Inability to build up and industrial sector in his country. | |
| 656092429 | Why did European financiers lend money to Ali's successors? | To gain a share in the Suez Canal. | |
| 656092430 | What was Lin Zexu charged with doing? | Charged with eliminating the Opium trade in the 1830s. | |
| 656092431 | Why did Britain support the Ottoman Empire? | Britain feared that the Russians would successfully establish a port on the Mediterranean. | |
| 656092432 | Why did the British start importing Opium from India? | Indian opium was far more potent, and in great demand in the Middle Kingdom. (China) | |
| 656092433 | At the end of the 19th Century, how did the Manchu rulers approach reform? | Fixing rural unrest and distress. | |
| 656092434 | What two countries defied the common pattern of growing Western domination in the 19th Century? | Japan and Russia. | |
| 656092435 | Describe the Holy Alliance that was formed at the Congress of Vienna. | Holy Alliance- conservative monarchies of Russia, Prussia, and Austria who banded together in defense of the status quo. | |
| 656092436 | Explain why Russia did not have many significant revolutions in the 1830s and 1840s. | Political Repression. | |
| 656092437 | What war demonstrated Russia's widening gap with the West? | The Crimean War. | |
| 656092438 | Describe how Russia and Japan were similar during the period of Industrialization prior to 1914. | Japan borrowed much of its culture from China, and Russia borrowed from the Byzantine Empire. | |
| 656092439 | Describe how Russia and Japan were different during the period of industrialization prior to 1914. | Japan's government had incorporated business leaders into the governing structure. | |
| 656092440 | What was the first thing Russia did to become industrialized? | Created the Trans-Siberian Railway. | |
| 656092441 | What led to working-class radicalism in the late 19th Century in Russia? | Formed Unions and strikes. | |
| 656092442 | What religion gained new converts in Industrialized Japan? | Shintoism. | |
| 656092443 | What people group was forced to migrate to the Yangtze region of China during the Ming era? | The Mongols. |
