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Unit 4 Vocabulary 1 Flashcards

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151237136Bill of RightsThe first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments limit the powers of the federal government, protecting the rights of all citizens, residents and visitors on United States territory.0
151237137BourgeoisieIn France, the class of merchants and artisans who were members of the Third Esate and initiators of the French Revolution; in Marxist theory, a term referring to factory owners.1
151237138Boxer RebellionRevolt against foreign residents of China2
151237139CapitalThe money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization3
151237140Code NapoleonCollection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte4
151237141CommunismAn economic system in which the state controls means of production5
151237142Congress of ViennaPeace conference held after Napoleon's first exile (1814-1815). Presided over by prince Klemens von Metternich it attempted to bring stability back to Europe by focusing on compensation, legitimacy, and balance of power6
151237143ConscriptionMilitary draft7
151237144ConservatismIn nineteenth century Europe a movement that suported monarchies, aristocracies, and state-established churches8
151237145Domestic systemA manufacturing method in which the stages of the manufacturing process are carried out in private homes9
151237146Declaration of IndependenceDocument that set forth the American colonists' reasons for separation from Great Britain. Thomas Jefferson, the principal author, incorporated Enlightenment ideas such as "social contract" into this10
151237147Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the CitizenA statement of political rights adopted by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution11
151237148Enclosure movementThe fencing of pasture land in England beginning prior to the Industrial Revolution12
151237149EntrepreneurshipThe ability to combine the factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production13
151237150ExtraterritorialityThe right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home contry rather than those of the hose country14
151237151Factors of productionResources used in the production of goods and services15
151237152GuanoBird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century16
151237153Industrial RevolutionThe transition between the domestic system of manufacturing and the mechanixation of production in a factory setting17
151237154Monroe Doctrine (1823)Policy issued by the United States in which it declared that the Western Hemisphere was off limits to colonization by other powers18
151237155MaoriA member of a Polynesian group that settled New Zealand about 800 C.E.19
151237156Meiji RestorationThe restoration of the Meiji emperor in Japan in 1868 that vegan a program on industiralization and centralization of Japan following the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate20
151237157Opium War (1839-1842)War between Great Britain and China began with the Qing dynasty's refusal to allow coninued opium importation into China; British victory resulted in the Treaty of Nanking21
151237158PogromViolence against Jews in tsarist Russia22
151237159Quantum physicsBranch of science that deals with discrete, indivisible units of engery called quanta as described by the Quantum Theory23
151237160RomanticismA literary and artistic movement in nineteenth century Europe; emphasized emotion over reason24
151237161Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)War between Japan and Russia over manchuarian territory; resulted in defeat of Russia by the Japanese navy25
151237162Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)Conflict between China and Japan for Control of Korea in the late 19th century26
151237163Spheres of influenceDivisions of a country in which a particular foreign nation enjoys economic privileges27
151237164Suez CanalCanal constructed by Egypt across the Isthmus of Suez in 186928
151237165Theory of natural selectionEvolutionary process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reporducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common29
151237166Theory of relativityProposed by the jewish physicist Albert Einstein (1879-1955) in the early part of the 20th century, is one of the most significant scientific advances of all time. Although the concept of relativity was not introduced by Einsteign, his major contribution was the recognitition that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and an absolute physical boundarty for motion30
151237167Tanzimat reformsNineteenth century reforms by Ottoman rulers designed to make the government and militarty more efficient31
151237168Treaty of Nanking (1842)Treaty ending the Opium war that ceded Hong Kong to the British32
151237169Young TurksSociety founded in 1889 in the Ottoman Empire; its goal was to restore the constitiution of 1976 and to reform the empire33
151237170ZaibatsuLarge industrial organization created in Japan during the industrialization of the late nineteenth century34

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