Due Febuary 16; B8
Hayley Dodson
Rachael Leaf
Hannah Stadtler
Terms : Hide Images
| 277606224 | Prince Henry the Navigator | *(1394-1460) *Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire *He is important to history because without his support of exploring, the portuguese might not have discovered the places they discovered | 0 | |
| 277606225 | Bartholomew Dias | This man was a Portuguese sailor who became the first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope (tip of Africa). | 1 | |
| 277606226 | Transoceanic | *Situated on the other side of the ocean *Crossing the ocean | 2 | |
| 277606227 | Caravel | *A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic | 3 | |
| 277606228 | Hernan Cortez | *(1485-1527) *A Spanish conquistador who landed on the east coast of Mexico in 1519 *He was looking for gold and glory | 4 | |
| 277606229 | Sir Francis Drake | *(1540-1596) *English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada | 5 | |
| 277606230 | Columbian | *Pertaining to America or the United States *Pertaining to Christopher Columbus | 6 | |
| 277606231 | Mercantilism | *An economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests *Very frequent with colonies and the mother country | 7 | |
| 277606232 | Columbian Exchange | *The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 8 | |
| 277606233 | Influenza | *Viral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue | 9 | |
| 277606234 | African Slavery | *10-15 million people were taken from Africa between 1500 and 1870 *Several million more people were killed in slave raids and forced marches to the coast *Most bought from African slave traders *At least 15% died in horrible conditions aboard slave ships | 10 | |
| 277606235 | Shi'a | *Branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali *Mainly found in Iran and a small part of Iraq *It is the state religion of Iran *A member of this group is called a Shi'ite | 11 | |
| 277606236 | Vodun | *African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti | 12 | |
| 277606237 | Shakesphere | *(1564-1616) *The best known writer of the Renaissance *Wrote plays like "Romeo and Juliet" and "Hamlet" | 13 | |
| 277606238 | Hacienda System | *Similar to the feudal system *Natives got money and had to buy products from their owners *Replaced the Economienda system. | 14 | |
| 277606239 | Mestizo | *A person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry) *Common when the Spanish came to the new world *Europeans married and had kids with Native Americans *Higher up socially than pure Native Americas, but lower than Europeans | 15 | |
| 277606240 | Taj Mahal | *Beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife | 16 | |
| 277606241 | Ottomans | *Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most of Arab world. | 17 | |
| 277606242 | Divine Right of Kings | *Political theory that royal lines are established by God and that kings rule by divine decree | 18 | |
| 277606243 | Frederick the Great | *(1712-1786) *This was the Prussian king who embraced culture and wrote poetry and prose *He gave religious and philosophical toleration to all subjects, abolished torture and made the laws simpler | 19 | |
| 277606244 | Martin Luther | *A German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch *In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices | 20 | |
| 277606245 | James I&Vi | *He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots, and he succeeded the heirless Elizabeth I as the first Stuart king of England, finally uniting the kingdoms of England and Scotland *Father of Charles I *Hated Catholics | 21 | |
| 277606246 | Inquisition | *A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s *Many forms of torture were used | 22 | |
| 277606247 | Catholic Reformation | *Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation *It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline *Also got rid of Indulgences | 23 | |
| 277606248 | Humanism | *A renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements *Focused less on Gods and religion and more on human capabilities and acheivements | 24 | |
| 277606249 | Italian City-States | *Stronger than other parts of Europe, able to discard and overcome feudalism easily *Wealthy and successful, resisted efforts of Kings, emperors, and nobles *Independent and included a walled urban center and surrounding countryside *Started the Renissance | 25 | |
| 277606250 | Usury | *Lending money at illegal high rates of interest | 26 | |
| 277606251 | Edict of Worms | *When Charles V exiled or outlawed Luther from The Holy Roman Empire or any of it's other lands. | 27 | |
| 277606252 | Angilcan Church | *The National Church of England | 28 | |
| 277606253 | Edict of Nantes | *1598, decree promulgated at Nantes by King Henry IV to restore internal peace in France, which had been torn by the Wars of Religion; the edict defined the rights of the French Protestants | 29 | |
| 277606254 | Heretic | *Someone who goes against accepted religious beliefs *Were excecuted during the Inquisition | 30 | |
| 277606255 | Middle Passage | *The route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade | 31 | |
| 277606256 | Commercial Revolution | *This was the period of economic and political expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism that occurred in Europe | 32 | |
| 304606415 | 4 G's of exploration | *Gold, Glory, Gain, God | 33 | |
| 304606416 | Vasco de Gama | *A Portugese sailor that passed the southern tip of Africa in 1498 and continued north and east to India | 34 | |
| 304606417 | Age of Exploration | *Time period during the 15th and 16th centuries when Europeans searched for new sources of wealth and for easier trade routes to China and India *Resulted in the discovery of North and South America by the Europeans | 35 | |
| 304606418 | Cartographer | *A geographer who creates maps | 36 | |
| 304606419 | Zheng He | *Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty *He led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia | 37 | |
| 304606420 | Jacques Cartier | *(1491-1557) *French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence River and laid claim to the region for France | 38 | |
| 304606421 | Northwest Passage | *A waterway in North America thought to connect the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean | 39 | |
| 304606422 | Commercialization | *The transformation of an area or a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity | 40 | |
| 304606423 | Triangular Trade | *A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s *Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and supplies to Africa | 41 | |
| 304606424 | Measles | *An infectious disease which produces small red spots all over the body | 42 | |
| 304606425 | Cash Crop | *Farm crop grown to be sold or traded, rather than used by the farm family | 43 | |
| 304606426 | Sunni | *One of the two main branches of orthodox Islam used by followers of Muhammad | 44 | |
| 304606427 | Reformation | *A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant Churches | 45 | |
| 304606428 | Renaissance | *The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history | 46 | |
| 304606429 | Encomienda | *A grant of authority over a population of Indians in the Spanish colonies *It provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods by the Indians *It obliged the grant holder to Christianize the Indians | 47 | |
| 304606430 | Creole | *A person born in the West Indies or Spanish America but of European, usually Spanish, ancestry | 48 | |
| 304606431 | Zamindar | *(In Mogul India) *A collector of farm revenue, who paid a fixed sum on the district assigned to him | 49 | |
| 304606432 | Mughal | *Mughal Empire was an empire that was located on the Indian subcontient and controlled the trade *Their peak of power started in 1526 | 50 | |
| 304606433 | Absolutism | *A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) *It was important because some countries had this form of government (England, Prussia, etc) | 51 | |
| 304606434 | Louis XIV | *(1638-1715) *King of France from 1643 to 1715 *His long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles | 52 | |
| 304606435 | Henry VIII | *(1491-1547) *King of England from 1509 to 1547 *His desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism *Henry established the Church of England in 1532 | 53 | |
| 304606436 | Elizabeth I | *Ruled from 1558-1603 *Followed a policy that was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes *She sets up a national Church, is declared head of the Anglican Church, establishes a state Church that moderates Catholics and Protestants, allowed priests to marry, allowed sermons to be delivered in English, and made the Book of Common Prayer more acceptable to Catholics | 54 | |
| 304606437 | Versailles | *A palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles | 55 | |
| 304606438 | Council of Trent | *A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers | 56 | |
| 304606439 | Eurasmus | *(1466-1536) *A humanist and a theologian *He came up with the theory of Humanism | 57 | |
| 304606440 | 30 Years War | *(1618-1648) *The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire *Disputes over the internal politics and balance of power within the Empire played a significant part | 58 | |
| 304606441 | Leonardo da Vinci | *(1452-1519) *An italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer *He was famous for the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper | 59 | |
| 304606442 | Diet of Worms | *Martin Luther was called to the Diet of Worms to recant his beliefs *During the Reformation | 60 | |
| 304606443 | Huguenots | *French Protestants *The Edict of Nantes (1598) freed them from persecution in France, but when that was revoked in the late 1700s, hundreds of thousands of Huguenots fled to other countries, including America | 61 | |
| 304606444 | Cardinal Richelieu | *(1585-1642) *French Cardinal and politician responsible for helping Louis XIII rule in France. | 62 | |
| 304606445 | Jan Huss | *Czech philosopher and reformer *Prominent Catholic priest who criticized the purchase of indulgences and the rights of bishops and popes to take up the sword in the name of the Church *Burned at the stake. | 63 | |
| 304606446 | Plantation Farming | *A large estate owned by an individual or group organized to sell one or two cash crops using slave labor | 64 | |
| 304606447 | Balance of Trade | *The difference between a country's total exports and total imports *Countries wanted a favorable balance of trade. | 65 | |
| 316357635 | Treaty of Tordesillas | a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. | 66 | |
| 316357636 | Christopher Columbus | *(1451-1506) *Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China | 67 | |
| 316357637 | Astrobale | *An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets | 68 | |
| 316357638 | Compass | *Navigational instrument for finding directions | 69 | |
| 316357639 | Francisco Pizarro | *(1475-1541) *Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima | 70 | |
| 316357640 | Rene Robert de la Salle | *Followed the Mississippi River all the way to Gulf of Mexico *Claimed Louisiana for France | 71 | |
| 316357641 | Joint-Stock Company | *A company made up of a group of shareholders *Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts | 72 | |
| 316357642 | Small Pox | *A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars | 73 | |
| 316357643 | Endemic | *Native to or confined to a certain region | 74 | |
| 316357644 | Syncretic | *Relating to a historical tendency for a language to reduce its use of inflections | 75 | |
| 316357645 | Sufi | *The branch of Islam that believes in a more mystical connection with Allah | 76 | |
| 316357646 | Sikhism | Indian religion founded by the guru Nanak (1469-1539) in the Punjab region of northwest India. After the Mughal emperor ordered the beheading of the ninth guru in 1675, Sikh warriors mounted armed resistance to Mughal rule. (p. 538) | 77 | |
| 316357647 | Cervantes | Spanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616) | 78 | |
| 316357648 | Indentured Servitude | the system of temporary servitude, where young men and women bound themselves to masters for fixed terms of servitude (four to five years), in exchange for passage to America, food and shelter. This method of labor was one of the largest elements of colonial population in America. | 79 | |
| 316357649 | Mulatto | a person of mixed african and european ancestry | 80 | |
| 316357650 | Manchus | Northeast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties. | 81 | |
| 316357651 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali | 82 | |
| 316357652 | Peter the Great | ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia | 83 | |
| 316357653 | Prussia | German state which led the unification movement and was the most powerful portion of the newly-created Germany. | 84 | |
| 316357654 | John Calvin | Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564) | 85 | |
| 316357655 | Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 86 | |
| 316357656 | 95 Theses | written by Martin Luther and is widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. It is vitally important to understand that these theses were used for the intent of displaying Luther's displeasure with the Church's indulgences | 87 | |
| 316357657 | Johann Gutenburg | The German craftsman invented the movable type printing press in the mid-1400's. His invention made it possible to mass produce books, thus speeding the spread of Renaissance ideals and learning. | 88 | |
| 316357658 | Michelangelo | An Italian painter, sculptor, and architect of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Among many achievements in a life of nearly ninety years, Michelangelo sculpted the David and several versions of the Pietà, painted the ceiling and rear wall of the Sistine Chapel, and served as one of the architects of Saint Peter's Basilica, designing its famous dome. He is considered one of the greatest artists of all time. | 89 | |
| 316357659 | Indulgences | Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation. | 90 | |
| 316357660 | Predestination | the belief that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power | 91 | |
| 316357661 | Dissenter | Protestant whose views and opinions differed with those of the Church of England | 92 | |
| 316357662 | John Wycliffe | (c.1328-1384) Forerunner to the Reformation. Created English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of the pope. | 93 | |
| 316357663 | Secularism | The view that the present well-being of mankind should predominate over religious considerations in civil or public affairs. | 94 | |
| 316357664 | British East India Company | A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years. | 95 |
