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| 256998852 | Lowell & Waltham | Textile manufacturing (power looms) Competed with Britain: higher speeds, fewer workers, cheaper labor (rural women) | |
| 256998853 | Slater's Mills | Slater comes to America & begins the Industrial Revolution by recreating British cotton machinery -- Competes with British mills | |
| 256998854 | 1842 Commonwealth vs. Hunt | Upheld right of workers to form unions Union not inherently illegal & could strike | |
| 256998855 | The Market Revolution | Caused by: Transportation Revolution & factories/farms--cheaper ways to get the goods to market (market economy, west migration and communication). Shaped Northwest economy. War of 1812 + Embargo leads directly to this manufacturing revolution! (stoppage of trade) | |
| 256998856 | National Road 1806 | Cumberland Road Maryland --> West (Illinois) Carried migrants & goods (tied Midwest to Seabord cities) | |
| 256998857 | Erie Canal 1817 | Links NY up Hudson--to canal--To Great Lakes (Lake Erie) Financed by taxes, tolls & bond sale Successful & caused towns to spring up along it + brought prosperity to farmers of central, western NY & Great Lakes | |
| 256998858 | Steamboat 1807 | Upriver travel + shorter trip Economic success of the Midwest's river-borne transportation system | |
| 256998859 | Seaboard cities 1820-50 | New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore & Southern exception Charleston | |
| 256998860 | River cities (Railroad later) 1820-60 | Pittsburgh, Cinncinati, St Louis and New Orleans | |
| 256998861 | Middling class | New economic order created by Industrial/Market Revolutions creates a substantial middle class: becomes important in mercantile society | |
| 256998862 | Spoils system | Proposed by Van Buren & Jackson When a politician comes into power--allowed to bring in members of their own party for appointed positions, such as unelected officials in the Kitchen Cabinet PATRONAGE | |
| 256998863 | American System (Clay) | Strengthen the 2nd Bank Use tariff revenues to build roads & canals West support! South do not (few manufacturing industries to protect) | |
| 256998864 | Corrupt Bargain | Clinches Jackson's ascent to power: Clay (as Speaker) gets congressmen to vote Adams in; Adams then appoints Clay Secretary of State. Jackson accuses of making a secret deal: corrupt bargain! | |
| 256998865 | Panic of 1819 | Land boom after demand for land in west collapses Loose credit, overspeculation & National Bank's state banks (shady policies) Too many estates built and not enough demand Jackson claims National Bank's practices cause this Creates more competition among foreign prices | |
| 256998866 | Jacksonian Democracy | Rise of the common man--diverse interests of a large republic--equal access to government + expanding economic opportunity | |
| 256998867 | Tariff Battle | 1816--Places high prices on imports of English cotton 1824--Protects manufacturers against more expensive English goods 1828--Raises duties on textiles & iron goods: enrages the South, who thought the Brits would then tax THEIR imports + did not need to protect their main industries: Tariff of Abominations (SC especially feared black rebellion). Criticism of Adams follows (+lenient indian policies) | |
| 256998868 | Democrats | Fought for equality + against corruption of politics (limitation to the wealthy) Against corporations & American's System Promised a fair tariff + hostile towards indians No internal improvements--rejected subsidies States over federal government | |
| 256998869 | Nullification Crisis | Tariff of Abominations reenacted--SC called for the tariffs to be null & void and threatens secession, citing Northern tyranny | |
| 256998870 | SC Exposition + Protest | Written by Calhoun Localist POV--tariffs operated unequally (KY & VA Resolutions + states' rights) Webster responds with national interpretation--popular sovereignty | |
| 256998871 | Force Bill | Authorized to use military means to compel SC to be obedient to national laws: nullifiers treasonous | |
| 256998872 | Compromise Bill | Asks Congress to revise tariff (reduces) Stay low as southern farmers advocate cheap imports | |
| 256998873 | Peggy Eaton Affair | Calhoun's association with Eaton family upsets Jackson, Calhoun resigns VP | |
| 256998874 | Maysville Road | Jackson vetoes Favored South's pro-states' rights position (against using revenue to fund roads & internal improvements) | |
| 256998875 | Webster vs. Haynes | Debate over National Government & state power (Webster for Nat, Haynes for State) Jacksonian--state Anti-Jacksonian (Whigs)--nat gov | |
| 256998876 | Bank War Pre-1832 | Second Bank viewed as tool of elite + Biddle's work (British owned stock), or stablilizer of money supply/regulated state banks from issuing too much money. Clay + Webster recharter bill 4 yrs early-->Jackson vetoes as subversive to states rights plus Brit influence. | |
| 256998877 | Bank War Post-1832 | Taney deposits specie in "pet" state banks. so...Jackson says that his reelection gives him a mandate to destroy Nat. Bank Completely got rid of these economic checkpoints | |
| 256998878 | Panic of 1837 | Because of Nat. Bank being killed... High unemployment, businesses fail, banks close, riots & depression-->not stabilized Deprived of British credit-->debt Blame the Democrats for destroying the Bank and their laissez-faire approach Biddle arrested for fraud | |
| 256998879 | Charles River Bridge | Chief Justice Taney rules against CRB in favor of private competitor-->private charters over binding public charters to create economic competition. Overturned Marshalls' decisions | |
| 256998880 | Whigs | Derived from English party limiting the tyrant...Nat. Repubs, Feds, Am. system supporters, reforms, evangelicals, Anti-Masons (oppose secrecy->morality) pro-internal improvements, nullifiers, Bank Support, Paper $ advocates, abolitionists, Working men's party (create a society independent of wages, abolish banks and monopolies) | |
| 256998881 | Van Buren | Wins over Whigs in a landslide Affected by Panic of 1837! Laissez-faire approach Reformed American system & rejected moral (Whig) reforms | |
| 256998882 | Independent Treasury Act | Delayed financial recovery by pulling the specie back out of the pet banks and putting it into vaults where it had no impact | |
| 256998883 | Election of 1840 | Railroad campaign + promises of moral reforms, effective campaigning 80% of eligible males vote --> Whig victory (Harrison/Tyler and in Congress) but Harrison dies leaving Tyler in charge. Tyler hostile to Second Bank + Am. system, supported slavery and states' rights, causing outrage and splitting up the Whigs. | |
| 259969216 | Indian Removal Act | Created Indian territory in Oklahoma after assimilated Cherokee nation pushed off land (gold discovered) | |
| 259969217 | Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia | Cherokees ruled not citizens by Marshall--own separate entity | |
| 259969218 | Worchester vs. Georgia | Marshall rules for Cherokee (Worchester, representing them)-->Distinct political communities w/boundaries...Moved anyways because of Jackson(Trail of Tears) | |
| 259969219 | Second Great Awakening | Series of religious revivals-->Spiritual equality and democracy (against established churches). Starts in N.Eng + NY (Burned over district). Presbyterians, Baptists, Methodists, Unitarians, Mormons: Rational thought, evangelical, educated and uneducated+democratic+women | |
| 259969220 | Nativist | Irish Catholics not assimilating-->Sparks nativist reaction; upset about job competition and cultural differences. | |
| 259969221 | 1844 Bible Riots | Use both Catholic + Protestant Bibles-->Anti-immigrant hostility | |
| 259969222 | Horace Mann | More grade schools, more teacher training, longer school year and established standards (Women as teachers) | |
| 259969223 | Transcendentalism | Intellectual movement: Each individual has the power to transcend customs = self reliance and questioning, discipline, civil responsibility, rebuff materialistic things. | |
| 259969224 | R.W. Emerson | 1837 American Scholar--intellectual declaration of independence: Rejects religion. Discipline, individuality and civil responsibility | |
| 259969225 | H.D. Thoreau | Natural world--Social noncomformity and civil disobedience | |
| 259969226 | Utopian Societies | Seek economic refuge, social protest against materialistic/market society. N. Harmony, Brooks Farm (infinite spirituality), Oneida (perfectionism, equality, cooperation) | |
| 259969227 | Joseph Smith + Mormons | Response to individualism Encouraged economic success + frugal, capitalist values + communal beliefs: patriarchy | |
| 259969228 | David Walker | History + morality to justify rebellion | |
| 259969229 | Nat Turner Slave Revolt | Failure--but strengthens slave codes | |
| 259969230 | Lloyd Garrison + Liberation + Grimke Sisters + Am. Anti-Slavery Society | Immediate emancipation, used religion + painful images (moral crusade) | |
| 259969231 | LC Stanton, L Mott + Seneca Falls & Dec. of Sentiments | Repudiate natural inferiority plus reject separate sphere, cult of dosmesticity. Provided moral guidance, refuge, abolition, strengthen married women's rights |
