KORYCINSKI AP WORLD HISTORY
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| 108367313 | What tribes mixed to form the Mongols? | Turks and Paleoasiatics | |
| 108367314 | Describe the Mongols breiefly. | They emerged from central Asia and were nomadic people that were successful horsemen and archers. They developed a law code, a written language, religious practices, technology, and cultural borrowing. | |
| 108367315 | Which tribal leader unified the Mongols? | Genghis Khan; 1155 | |
| 108367316 | By the 1100s, what had the population of the Mongols reached? | 1.5 - 3 million (20 tribes) | |
| 108367317 | What led to the Mongols' success? | Large armies of 100,000s, talented cavalry and archery, endurance, military groups of 10, seize warfare experts (from China). | |
| 108367318 | Who was Genghis Khan's third son? | Ogodei | |
| 108367319 | What was Ogodei known for? | Expanding the Mongol empire into North and West China and Korea. | |
| 108367320 | Who was Ogodei's successor? | His nephew, Batu | |
| 108367321 | Describe Batu's accomplishments. | He had 150,000 - 200,000 troops and drove into Europe; conquered Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland. EASTERN SWOPE. | |
| 108367322 | What government did Batu establish during his rule? | Golden Horde | |
| 108367323 | What two Khans controlled the Mongols at their peak? | Guyuk and Mongke | |
| 108367324 | What occured at the height of the Mongols? | The empire expanded; Eastern Tibet, destroyed Abbasid & gained parts of the Middle East - Mesopotamia, Turkey, Persia, and Syria; CONSUMED East Europe -> Pacific Ocean...supported single political authority, economic exchange, safe travel, & legal order (silk road). | |
| 108367325 | Who was the last Khan? | Mongke | |
| 108367326 | How did the Mongol empire fall - POSSIBLE ESSAY | Mongke died during a civil war that broke out between the family of Genghis Khan (grandsons vs. nephews). The Mongol empire fell and broke up into four independent states; Great Khan (Mongolia), Golden Horde(Russia), Jagadai Khanate(Central Asia), & II Khan(Middle East). | |
| 108367328 | Who was Khubilai and what did he move towards? | Grandson of Genghis Khan & focused on shifting to the Yuan empire. | |
| 108367329 | What was the Golden Horde? | Independent state that controlled Russia until the 1400s, but ended when the city-state, Moscow, rose. | |
| 108367330 | Describe the independent state of II Khan? | Consumed the Middle East and its people were converted to Islam; this state was attacked by other Mongols & was later displaced by the Ottoman Turks. | |
| 108367331 | Describe the independent state of Jagadai Khanate. | Its people were converted to Islam; taken over by an uprising of Timur who later took over Asia, Persia, North India, & Middle East. | |
| 108367332 | What empire emerged after the Tang empire collapsed? | Song empire of China | |
| 108367333 | Why did the Song empire fall? | Wars with Liao and Jin empires that led to the Mongols taking over the Song in the end. | |
| 109895217 | Which two Chinese empires were known to not get along? | Liao and Jin | |
| 109895218 | What did the Liao empire consume? | Mongolia and Northern China | |
| 109895219 | What were the Liao known for? | Ceramics, painting, armies (cavalry and seize craft) | |
| 109895220 | What led to the Liao fall? | The Song empire made an alliance with the Jin (their neighbor) and the Song took over the Liao. | |
| 109895221 | Who formed the Jin empire? | Jurchens | |
| 109895222 | Who attacked the Jin in 1211? | Khan | |
| 109895223 | What was Song society like? | World's heaviest urbanized society, several cities that contained over 1 million people, silk road cities, trade, trading vessels(Junks), mathematics, astronomers (Su Song Clock), adhered to Neo-Confucianism & Buddhism. | |
| 109895224 | Who formed the Yuan empire? | Khubilai Khan | |
| 109895225 | What was the Yuan empire's society like? | Mongol rulers adopted Buddhism, spoke the Mandarin language, rebuilt economy, restored trade (Silk Road). | |
| 109895226 | What led to the Yuan's downfall? | Khubilai Khan died, Black Plague spread and an economic decline led to the collapse of the Yuan empire. | |
| 109895227 | Who established the Ming empire? | Hung Wu | |
| 109895228 | What was the Ming empire known for? | Made alliances with Vietnamese states, expanded borders, had large army and navy. | |
| 109895229 | Who was the famous Admiral of the Ming? | Zheng He | |
| 109895230 | What was Zheng He known for? | He made seven long voyages to Southeast Asia, Indonesia, India, and Africa. He forced 50 nations and city-states to pay tribute, and this led to a population rebound. | |
| 109895231 | How was the population rebound of the Ming Empire quelled? | Cofucianism and Buddhism were restored, poetry, printers. Beijing was transformed into the forbidden city. Imperial residence, fortress and government complex established. | |
| 109895232 | When did the first explorers arrive in Asia? Who were they? & Why didnt they take over? | The first explorers came during the time of the Ming empire, and they were Europeans from Spain and Portugal. They could not conquer China because it was too large and powerful. However, they did set-up many Catholic missionaries that became popular. | |
| 109905901 | What led to the Ming decline? | Rulers allowed decentralization and there was a massive influx of silver (economic collapse), agricultural yield shrank, & military threats from Mongolia and Manchuria. | |
| 109905902 | Who founded the Qing empire? What territory did it consume? | It was founded byu the Manchus, and it was originally established in Manchuria. But with conquest and expansion, it later grew to include Northern and Southern China. | |
| 109905903 | What were some of the things the Qing was known for? | The Qing brought contact with Russia. They regulated trade of canton. The population continued to grow until there decline. | |
| 109905904 | Who were the Qing's two rulers? | Kanqi and Qianlong | |
| 109905905 | Describe the peak of the Qing. | Manchu rulers conquered North China; the peak of the Qing took place during the rule of Kanqi and Qianlong. During the last half of the 1700s, Qianlong defended China's long borders, kept the empire's regions under control, improved economic growth, and sponsored art and learning. | |
| 109905906 | Describe the internal decline of the Qing. | Several negative trends started to weaken China beginning immediately after Qianlong's death. The quality of leadership declined as weak, incompetent emperors took over. The government became riddled with corruption. The cost of maintaining border defenses was too high and population growth became too rapid. Discontent with the Qing government led to the White Lotus Rebellion. | |
| 109905907 | Describe the 4 rebellions of the Qing. - POSSIBLE ESSAY | White Lotus Rebellion- rebellion against taxes. Taxes collected by the Manchu were at first used to go towards state projects and restore and better society for the people. However, after the death of Qianlong, the revenue began to defer from the path of helping state projects. The taxes and money were no longer being used to enrich individual families to the devastated Chinese society. Great public works were neglected for lack of funds and proper official supervision of repairs, which led to leaking dikes and and the rampaging waters of the great river. This led to catastrophe and the people began to form rebellion leaders. From 1796 to 1804, four rebellions were led called the White Lotus Rebellion. | |
| 109905908 | What did China trade? | The Chinese traded silk, porcelain ware and tea. | |
| 109905909 | What was China paid from West China for their goods? | silver bullion | |
| 109905910 | What did Qing leadership sincerely believe? | They believed that the emperor was the son of heaven, that China was the middle kingdom and the center of the universe, and that all outsiders were barbarians. | |
| 109905911 | What led to the Opium wars between Britain and China? | Britain began to fold China with Opium by trading Chinese goods for Opium. It became the drug of choice among Chinese of all classes, and addiction became widespread. As a result, Britain gained control of the business and 80% of the Opium trade. | |
| 109912841 | Describe the Opium Wars - POSSIBLE ESSAY | The Qing government striked back by arresting dealers, seizing opium supplies, and intercepting boats carrying the drug. The Chinese navy blocked Canton (one of the few ports that foreigners were allowed to trade at). This action led to the First Opium war between Britain and China. The British won and established the Treaty of Nanking. It said that China had to open 5 more ports to foreign trade, lower tariffs on British goods, and grant extraterritorial rights to areas in China where the British lived and worked. This eventually led to the 2nd Opium war ( the Arrow War). Treaties arrived from 1858-1860 made the opium trade legal, opened more ports to foreign trade, and granted greater powers to the British, French, Portuguese, Americans and Russians. By 1898, foreign vessels were allowed unrestricted travel up the rivers of China. | |
| 109912842 | Describe the Taiping Rebellion - POSSIBLE ESSAY | *The costliest and most devastating civil war in history.* *it claimed 20-30 million lives & became the 2nd deadliest war, after WWII* The uprising started by Hong Xiaquan, a Cantonese clerk, that proclaimed that he was Jesus Christ's younger brother that believed he was destined to establish a "Heavenly Kingdom of Supreme Peace."(Taiping) This new vision of China appealed to many people that resented the Qing government's high taxes, arbitrary and oppressive rule, and that Manchu emperors were foreign rulers that were apparently directing the Chinese. In 1853, the Taiping captured the city of Nanjing. At the peak of the Taiping rebels, the leaders of the Taiping controlled 1/3 of China and the rebellion left China in ruins. | |
| 109912843 | Which dowager empress ruled China to her death? | Cixi | |
| 109912844 | What occured under her influence? | The Qing grew more oppressive and China lost control of Tibet, the Gobi desert, Mongolia, and Chinese Turkistan. These territories either gained more autonomy or fell into other foreign peoples' control. | |
| 109912845 | What does "Sino" mean? | China | |
| 109912846 | Who won the Sino-Japanese war? | Japan defeated China in the war from 1894-1895. | |
| 109912847 | Who set-up the open door policy and what did it state? | It was established by the United States and it stated that all Western nations were to have equal access to Chinese markets. | |
| 109912848 | Describe the missionaries in China. | Protestant and Catholic clergy and volunteers were more common to see travelling from Europe and the US to China trying to spread Christianity and teach Western languages. They also brought scientific and technological knowledge, which allowed for the people to treat disease and ailments with modern medicine. | |
| 109912849 | Who were the rebels of the Boxer Rebellion? | Chinese boxers and martial-arts experts. | |
| 109912850 | Describe the Boxer Rebellion briefly. | The rebels' rage was directed toward foreigners, especially in Beijing. However, the rebellion was stopped by foreign troops. | |
| 109912851 | Describe Sun Yat Sen - POSSIBLE ESSAY | He was known as the father of modern China, he ruled during the Chinese Revolution fo 1911. He united a number of opposition groups into a movement called the Revolutionary Alliance. He had hoped to carry out a government takeover that would progress from military revolt to the formation of a constitutional democracy. His movement was founded on 3 ideas (People's principals) : Nationalism, Democracy, and People's livelihood. | |
| 109912852 | Who was the leader after Sun Yat Sen? | Chiang Hi Shek | |
| 109926533 | Who ruled Heian Japan? | Fujiwara clan (imperial family) | |
| 109926534 | Describe Heian Japan. | The capital in Heian (Kyoto) was established. The civilization was peaceful, prosperous, included painting and literature, the people practiced Buddhism and wrote. In the early 1100s, the warrior clans fought one another. 1960 Civil war - Taira and Minamoto clans; Minamoto won and the new government was Shogunate. | |
| 109926535 | What period began in Japan in 1185? | Feudalism | |
| 109926536 | Who ruled rhe Samurai class in Japan? | Shogun ( Kamakura Shogunate) | |
| 109926537 | Describe the ranking of the Samurai class. | Below the Shogun were the Daimyo (warlords or nobles). Daimyo came from a warrior elite called Samurai. Similar to European knights - code was called Bushido; a violation of Bushido led to Seppuku (ritual suicide). | |
| 109926538 | Who ruled Japan in the 18th century? | Tokugawa (Shogunate) clan | |
| 109926539 | What were the Tokugawa (Shogunate) clan known for? | They seized control of the country at the beginning of the 1600s and maintained Japan with strong, dynamic rulers. The clan centralized Japan and transformed it from a constantly warring collection of disunities into a single country at peace. | |
| 109926540 | Who unified Japan? | The Tokugawa Shogunate clan | |
| 109926541 | Describe the partial modernization in Tokugawa, Japan. | Populations grew steadily(edo-population of over a million), agriculture practice was rationalized. This rationalization allowed fewer people to grow more food. Trade, commerce, and manufacturing became important. | |
| 109926542 | What was the problem with partial modernization? | The regime allowed some modernization, but not as much as the country was capable of achieving. | |
| 109926543 | Who asked Japan to open its economy to foreign trade? | Commodore Matthew Perry | |
| 109926544 | After asking Japan to open its trade, what was the decision? | The Shogun agreed to open end its country's long isolation | |
| 109926545 | Describe the overthrow of the Tokugawa Shogunate. | Samurai leaders from Satsuma and Choshu urged the Shogun to take a hard line with the foreigners and stand up. Sat-Cho Alliance pressed for the severance of all ties with the West. It moved against the last shogun - Tokugawa Yoshinuobu. *The young emperor Meiji, who had just ascended to the throne in 1867, became the 1st emperor in nearly a 1000 years to enjoy full imperial powers.* | |
| 109926546 | Describe the Meiji restoration - POSSIBLE ESSAY | Starting in 1868, Meiji wanted to abolish feudalism, in 1871, and introduced a formal law code, the Civil code of 1898. The Constitution of 1890 provided for the creation of an elected parliament, *THE DIET*. The emperor had a great deal of power over the DIET. (This idea was adopted from the French) | |
| 109926547 | Describe the Industrialization and economic modernization of Japan. | The Ministry of 1870 and state banks gave financial backing to Meiji's industrialization campaigns. Corporations called ZAIBATSU, sponsored by the state, came to dominate much of the economic landscape. | |
| 109926548 | What did Japan trade? | Tea, silk, weaponry, ships and sake. | |
| 109926549 | Describe the social class transformation of Japan. | The civil service, based on an examination system grew from 29000 to 72000 in 18 yrs. Japanese industrialization increased the size and power of the merchant and middle classes. The farming population decreased, but taxed on them considerably. The industrial working class grew steadily. In 1872, they funded an education system. | |
| 109926550 | Describe Japanaese Militarism and Imperialism. | In 1876, Japan forced Korean ports to open to trade. In 1879, Japan took Ryukyu island chain from China. Throughout the 1880s and early 1890s, Japan intensified its military buildup, constructing a steamship navy and drafting a well-equipped and well-trained army. In 1894, China and Japan went to war, and Japan was victorious. Afterward, Japan and Korea seized Taiwan. The Russo-Japanese War - 1904-1905 between Russian and Japan over influence of Manchuria. | |
| 109926551 | Describe the communism establishment in China - POSSIBLE ESSAY | Li Dazhao was a teacher of the Marxist socialism that fit China's situation. He taught the ruler of China, Mao Zedong, all of the Marxist socialism and views of the "right" China. Mao Zedong was angered by China's betrayal by the imperialist powers and sought to destroy it and return to a Confucian state. In addition, he supported an authoritarian state. In an attempt to unify the Marxist wing of the nationalist struggle, leaders from China met in Shanghai secretly, in 1921, to form the Communist party. After rebellions and war, China was eventually led to a Communist society. |
