AP World History Final Vocabulary
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| 9978865712 | Communism | A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. | 0 | |
| 9978865713 | Marxism | The political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism. | 1 | |
| 9978865714 | Fascism | Political philosophy that became predominant in Italy and then Germany during the 1920s and 1930s; attacked weakness of democracy, corruption of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs; undertook state control of the economy to reduce social friction. | 2 | |
| 9978865715 | Mohandas Ghandhi | (1869-1948) Led sustained campaign for independence from British Empire after World War 1; stressed nonviolent but agressive mass protest. | 3 | |
| 9978865716 | Adolf Hitler | Nazi leader of facist Germany from 1933 to his suicide in 1945; created a strongly centralized state in Germany; eliminated all rivals; launched Germany on aggressive forign policy leading to World War II; responsible for genocide of European Jews. | 4 | |
| 9978865717 | Vladimir Lenin | The architect of Russia's 1917 Bolshevik revolution and the first leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. | 5 | |
| 9978865718 | Mikhail Gorbachev | U.S.S.R. premier after 1985; renewed attacks on Stalinism; urged reduction in nuclear armament; proclamed policies of glanost and perestroika. | 6 | |
| 9978865719 | Gamal Nasser | (1918-1970) Took power in Egypt following a military coup in 1952; enacted land reforms and used state resources to reduce unemployemnt; ousted Britian from the Suez Canal zone in 1956. | 7 | |
| 9978865720 | Nelson Mandela | (b.1918) Long-imprisoned leader of the African American congress party; worked with the ANC leadership and F. W. de Klerk's supporters to dismantalthe apartheid system from the mid 1980's onwar; 1994, became the first black prime minister of South Africa after the ANC won the first genuinely democratic eletions in the country's history. | 8 | |
| 9978865721 | Mao Zadong | Chinese Communist leader and theorist. A founder of the Chinese Communist Party (1921), he commanded troops in the Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) and proclaimed the People's Republic of China in 1949. | 9 | |
| 9978865722 | Triple Entente | Refers to the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907 | 10 | |
| 9978865723 | Central Powers | Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. | 11 | |
| 9978865724 | Allied Powers | Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II. | 12 | |
| 9978865725 | Axis Powers | Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II. | 13 | |
| 9978865726 | appeasement | A political policy of conceding to aggression by a warlike nation. | 14 | |
| 9978865727 | Great Depression | A long and severe recession in an economy or market. | 15 | |
| 9978865728 | Pan-Slavic Movement | A movement which crystallized in the mid-19th century, is the political ideology concerned with the advancement of integrity and unity for the Slavic-speaking peoples. | 16 | |
| 9978865729 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | A peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. | 17 | |
| 9978865730 | Treaty of Versailles, 1919 | World War I officially ended with the signing on June 28, 1919. Negotiated among the Allied powers with little participation by Germany, its 15 parts and 440 articles reassigned German boundaries and assigned liability for reparations. | 18 | |
| 9978865731 | Yalta Conference | The February 1945 conference, which was the second wartime meeting of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the conference, the three leaders agreed to demand Germany's unconditional surrender and began plans for a post-war world. | 19 | |
| 9978865732 | Potsdam Conference | 1945. The Big Three—Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (replaced on July 26 by Prime Minister Clement Attlee), and U.S. President Harry Truman—met in Potsdam, Germany, from July 17 to August 2, 1945, to negotiate terms for the end of World War II. | 20 | |
| 9978865733 | nationalism | The strong belief that the interests of a particular nation-state are of primary importance. Also, the belief that a people who share a common language, history, and culture should constitute an independent nation, free of foreign domination. | 21 | |
| 9978865734 | apartheid | Policy of strict racial segregation imposed in South Africa to permit the continued democracy of whites politically and economically. | 22 | |
| 9978865735 | Berlin Wall | Built in 1961 to halt the flow of immigration from East Berlin to West Berlin; immigration was in response to lack of consumer goods and close soviet control of economy and policies; torn down at the end of the Cold War in 1991. | 23 | |
| 9978865736 | collectivization | Creation of large, state-run farms rather than individual holdings; allowed more efficient control over peasants, though often lowered food production; part of Stalin's economic and political planning; often adopted in other communist regimes. | 24 | |
| 9978865737 | Cultural Revolution | Movement initiated in 1965 by Mao Zedong to restore his dominance over pragmatists; used mobs to ridicule political rivals; campaign was called off in 1968 | 25 | |
| 9978865738 | Five Year Plans, Russia | The First Plan. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953, decided to abandon NEP and industrialize the Soviet Union. Gosplan, the state planning committee, created the Five-Year Plans, outlining goals for the Soviet economy to meet, beginning in 1928. | 26 | |
| 9978865739 | Five Year Plans, China | Drawing on his experiences during a 1949 trip to Moscow, Mao embraced the Soviet 'five year plan' model for economic development. ... China's First Five Year Plan was an economic program that ran from 1953 to 1957. It set ambitious goals for industries and areas of production deemed priorities by the CCP. | 27 | |
| 9978865740 | Great Leap Forward | It was an effort made by the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of Mao Zedong (also known as Mao Tse-tung) to transform China into a society capable of competing with other Western industrialized nations, within a short, five-year time period. | 28 | |
| 9978865741 | Marshall Plan | The official European Recovery Program (ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13 billion (nearly $110 billion in 2016 US dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. | 29 | |
| 9978865742 | Prague Spring | Dubcek's effort to establish "communism with a human face" was celebrated across the country, and the brief period of freedom. But on August 20, 1968, the Soviet Union answered Dubcek's reforms with invasion of Czechoslovakia by 600,000 Warsaw Pact troops. | 30 | |
| 9978865743 | Six-Day War | In six days of fighting, Israel occupied the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, the Golan Heights of Syria, and the West Bank and Arab sector of East Jerusalem, both previously under Jordanian rule. By the time the United Nations cease-fire took effect on June 11, Israel had more than doubled its size. | 31 | |
| 9978865744 | Tiananmen Square | The protests of 1989, commonly known in mainland China as the June Fourth Incident were student-led demonstrations in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, in 1989. ... At the height of the protests, about a million people assembled in the Square. | 32 | |
| 9978865745 | Truman Doctrine | An American foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War. It was first announced to Congress by President Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947 and further developed on July 12, 1948 when he pledged to contain threats to Greece and Turkey. | 33 | |
| 9978865746 | Warsaw Pact | Is the name commonly given to the treaty between Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union, which was signed in Poland in 1955 and was officially called 'The Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance'. | 34 | |
| 9978865747 | cartels | An association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition. | 35 | |
| 9978865748 | Persian Gulf War | Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in early August 1990. ... Hussein defied United Nations Security Council demands to withdraw from Kuwait by mid-January 1991, and the Persian Gulf War began with a massive U.S.-led air offensive known as Operation Desert Storm. | 36 | |
| 9978865749 | European Union | A political union, often called the EU, to which the member states of the EEC are evolving. Based on the Maastrict Treaty, it envisions the eventual establishment of common economic, foreign, security, and justice policies. Founded on and in November 1, 1993, Maastricht, Netherlands | 37 | |
| 9978865750 | McDonaldization | A term developed by sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1993). For Ritzer McDonaldization becomes manifested when a society adopts the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant; is a reconceptualization of rationalization and scientific management. | 38 | |
| 9978865751 | NAFTA | The North American Free Trade Agreement, which eliminated most tariffs on trade between Mexico, Canada and the United States, went into effect on Jan. 1, 1994. Their purpose is to encourage economic activity between North America's three major economic powers. | 39 | |
| 9978865752 | OPEC | The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is a group consisting of 12 of the world's major oil-exporting nations. OPEC was founded in 1960 to coordinate the petroleum policies of its members, and to provide member states with technical and economic aid. | 40 | |
| 9978865753 | Helsinki Accords | An agreement signed by 35 nations that concluded the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, held in Helsinki, Finland. The multifaceted Act addressed a range of prominent global issues and in so doing had a far-reaching effect on the Cold War and U.S.-Soviet relations. | 41 | |
| 9978865754 | cubism | an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage. Some artists involved include Picasso | 42 | |
| 9978865755 | New Deal | Describes the program of US president Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1939 of relief, recovery, and reform. These new policies aimed to solve the economic problems created by the depression of the 1930's. | 43 | |
| 9978865756 | welfare state | A system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits. The foundations for the modern welfare state in the US were laid by the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. | 44 | |
| 9978865757 | guest workers | A program allows foreign workers to temporarily reside and work in a host country until a next round of workers is readily available to switch. ... While migrant workers may move within a country to find labor, programs employ workers from areas outside of the host country. | 45 | |
| 9978865758 | Armenian Genocide | Assault carried out by mainly Turkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East | 46 | |
| 9978865759 | Holocaust | genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews | 47 | |
| 9978865760 | Cambodian Genocide | Was carried out by the Khmer Rouge regime under the leadership of Pol Pot, killing approximately 1.5 to 3 million Cambodian people from 1975 to 1979. | 48 | |
| 9978865761 | Rwandan Genocide | also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority government | 49 | |
| 9978865762 | Francisco Franco | A Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975) Synonyms: El Caudillo, Franco, General Franco Example of: dictator, potentate. a ruler who is unconstrained by law. | 50 | |
| 9978865763 | total war | A war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded. | 51 | |
| 9978865764 | Jomo Kenyatta | ( c. 1897 - 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to 1978. ... was born to Kikuyu farmers in Kiambu, British East Africa. | 52 | |
| 9978865765 | Kwame Nkrumah | He was the first President of Ghana. Though he effected Ghana's independence and for a decade was Africa's foremost spokesman, his vainglory and dictatorial methods brought about his downfall in 1966, with him a discredited and tragic figure in African nationalism. | 53 | |
| 9978865766 | African National Conference | Black political organization with in South Africa; pressed for end to policies of apartheid; sought open democracy leading to black majority; until the 1990's declared illegal in South Africa. | 54 | |
| 9978865767 | Destalinzation | The policy of eradicating the memory or influence of Joseph Stalin and Stalinism, especially after 1956. In communist countries | 55 | |
| 9978865768 | Fourteen Points | Summary and Definition: Speech was a statement given to Congress on January 8, 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson declaring that WW1 was being fought for a moral cause and calling for peace in Europe. | 56 | |
| 9978865769 | Totalitarianism | A system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state. | 57 | |
| 9978865770 | February Revolution | The revolution against the czarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917. Synonyms: Russian Revolution Example of: revolution. the overthrow of a government by those who are governed. | 58 | |
| 9978865771 | October Revolution | (also called the Bolshevik Revolution) overturned the interim provisional government and established the Soviet Union; was a much more deliberate event, orchestrated by a small group of people. The Bolsheviks, who led this coup, prepared their coup in only six months. | 59 | |
| 9978865772 | Joseph Stalin | The Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) Synonyms: Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, Stalin Example of: commie, communist. a socialist who advocates communism. | 60 | |
| 9978865773 | Great Purges | Also known as the Great Terror, marks a period of extreme persecution and oppression in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s. ... The Great Purge began with the assassination of Sergei Kirov, whose 1935 murder by Leonid Nikolayev is suspected to have been ordered by Stalin. | 61 | |
| 9978865774 | Benito Mussolini | Known as "Il Duce." 1883-1945. Italian Fascist dictator and prime minister (1922-1943) who conducted an expansionist foreign policy, formalized an alliance with Germany (1939), and brought Italy into World War II (1940). | 62 | |
| 9978865775 | Young Turks | A member of a revolutionary party in the Ottoman Empire who carried out the revolution of 1908 and deposed the sultan Abdul Hamid II. | 63 | |
| 9978865776 | Sun Yat-Sen | Chinese physician, writer, philosopher, calligrapher and revolutionary, the first president and founding father of the Republic of China | 64 | |
| 9978865777 | Chiang Kai-shek | a political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975 | 65 | |
| 9978865778 | Long March | military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army | 66 | |
| 9978865779 | Emperor Hirohito | (1901-1989) was emperor of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989. He took over at a time of rising democratic sentiment, but his country soon turned toward ultra-nationalism and militarism | 67 | |
| 9978865780 | militarism | A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war | 68 | |
| 9978865781 | Hidiki Tojo | a general of the Imperial Japanese Army, the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and the 27th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, from October 17, 1941, to July 22, 1944 | 69 | |
| 9978865782 | Rape of Nanking | episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing, then the capital of the Republic of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. | 70 | |
| 9978865783 | Jawaharal Nehru | the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. | 71 | |
| 9978865784 | Juan Peron | Born Oct. 8, 1895, Lobos, Buenos Aires provincia, Argentina—died July 1, 1974, Buenos Aires), army colonel who became president of Argentina (1946-52, 1952-55, 1973-74) and was founder and leader of the Peronist movement. | 72 | |
| 9978865789 | Good Neighbor Policy | A policy created by the US targeted Latin America relationships. Allowed US rights to interfere with Latin American activity | 73 | |
| 9978865790 | Asian Tiger | Highly developed economies. Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. | 74 | |
| 9978865791 | Nikita Khrushev | Lead the Soviet Union during the Cold War as the 1st Communist Party | 75 | |
| 9978865785 | domino theory | was a political theory in which believed that if one nation was Communist, neighboring coutries would fall under Communist control as well. | 76 | |
| 9978865792 | Fidel Castro | Dictator of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis where they were communist and the Soviet Union and US fought against each other in the Cold War. | 77 | |
| 9978865793 | detente | A time where the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union when Nixon was in office | 78 | |
| 9978865794 | Charles de Gaulle | Former Prime Minister of France; Led the French resistance against the Nazis in Germany during World War 2 and was chair of the France to restore democracy. | 79 | |
| 9978865795 | decolonization | Freeing a country from being dependent on another country | 80 | |
| 9978865796 | Iranian Revolution | Overthrowing of the Persian Monarchy, resulting in change of leader and modernization in support by the United States | 81 | |
| 9978865797 | Ayatollah Khomeini | Iranian Muslim leader and returned from exile to lead an Islamic revolution, overthrowing of the Shah. | 82 | |
| 9978865798 | Saddam Hussein | Iraq president; prime minister and head of the armed forces (1979-2003), invaded Kuwait (1900) and Iran (1980-1988) | 83 | |
| 9978865799 | Desmond Tutu | An opponent of apartheid and became the first black Archbishop of Cape Town and in South Africa | 84 | |
| 9978865800 | Patrice Lumumba | The first prime minister of the Congo that gained independence from Belgium; not liked by the U.S.A (Murdered and imprisoned) | 85 | |
| 9978865801 | Indira Gandhi | Served as a figurehead prime minister by the Congress party bosses in 1966; central figure in India politics, which she maintained and passed down. | 86 | |
| 9978865802 | AIDS/HIV epidemic | Virus that destroys immune system, which protects the body from diseases. Passed through blood transfusions, sexual acts, used hypodermic needles or from mother to child during birth. | 87 | |
| 9978865803 | Ho Chi Minh | Communist statesmen from Vietnam that fought in World War 2 against Japan, the French (1954) and South Vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969) | 88 | |
| 9978865804 | Khmer Rouge | Responsible for 1.7 million deaths in Cambodia (Starvation, relocation, murder and attempts at rulification) | 89 | |
| 9978865805 | Deng Xiaoping | Communist leader that ruled China after Mao Zedong and established economic reforms, such as the Four Modernizations, which improved the economy of China and ended Mao Zedong's rule. | 90 | |
| 9978865806 | Che Guevera | Argentinian revolutionary militiant that aided Fidel Castro in overthrowing Fulgencio; died while doing guerrilla warfare in a similar situation in Bolivia | 91 | |
| 9978865807 | Contras | Members of a guerrilla warfare force in Nicaragua that opposed the Sandinista government (left wing) with the full support of the United States | 92 | |
| 9978865808 | consumerism | Idea of protection in the buyer of goods from bad products | 93 | |
| 9978865809 | Albert Einstein | German theoretical physicist, who developed the theory of relativity, offering new ideas on space, time, matter and energy | 94 | |
| 9978865810 | Lech Walesa | Polish politician and labour activist that co-founded and headed the Soviet Union's first independent trade union (Solidarity) | 95 | |
| 9978865811 | Chernobyl | Nuclear plant in Ukraine that suffered from 2 major explosions, releasing radioactive materials; Worst nuclear accident | 96 | |
| 9978865786 | Boris Yeltsin | Russian Leader who stood up to coup attempt in 1991 that would have displaced Gorbachev; president of the Russian republic following dissolution of Soviet Union. | 97 |
