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Unit 6- Chapter 22 Flashcards

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378934086Berlin WallWall constructed by East German authorities in 1961 to seal off East Berlin from the West; It was breached on November 9, 19890
378934087BolsheviksRussian revolutionary party led by Vladimir Lenin and later renamed the Communist party; the name "Bolshevik" means the "Majority"1
378934088Castro, FidelRevolutionary leader of Cuba from 1959-2008 who gradually turned to Soviet Communism and engendered some of the worst crises of the cold war2
378934089Chinese RevolutionLong revolutionary process in the period 1912-1949 that began with the overthrow of the Chinese imperial system and ended with the triumph of the Communist Party under the leadership of Mao Zedong3
378934090Cold WarPolitical and ideological state of near-war between the Western World and the Communist World that lasted from 1946 through 19914
378934091CollectivizationProcess of rural reform undertaken by the Communist leadership of the USSR and China in which private property rights were abolished and peasants were forced onto larger and more industrialized farms to work and share the proceeds as a community rather than as individuals5
378934092CominternCommunist International. Soviet organization intended to control the policies and actions of other communist states6
378934093Cuban Missile CrisisMajor standoff between the United Sates and the Soviet Union in 1962 over Soviet development of nuclear missiles in Cuba; the confrontation ended in a compromise, with the USSR removing its missiles in exchange for the United States agreeing not to invade Cuba7
378934094Cultural RevolutionChina's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a massive campaign launched by Mao Zedong in the mid-1960's to combat the capitalist tendencies that he believed even reached to the highest ranks of the Communist Party; the campaign through China into chaos8
378934095Deng XiaopingLeader of China from 1976-1997 whose reforms pretty much dismantled the communist elements of the Chinese economy9
378934096GlasnostMikhail Gorbachev's policy of "openness" which allowed greater cultural and intellectual freedom and ended most censorship of the media; the result was a burst of awareness of the problems and corruption of the Soviet Union10
378934097Gorbachev, MikhailLeader of the Soviet Union from 1985-1991 whose efforts to reform the USSR led to its collapse11
378934098Great Leap ForwardMajor Chinese initiative (1958-1960) led my Mao Zedong that was intended to promote small-scale industrialization and increase knowledge of technology; in reality, it caused a major crisis, and exacerbated the impact of a devastating famine12
378934099Great Proletarian Cultural RevolutionMao Zedong's great effort in the mid-1960's to weed out capitalist tendencies that he believed had developed in China13
378934100Great PurgesAlso called the Terror, the Great Purges of the late 1930's was a massive attempt to cleanse the Soviet Union of supposed "enemies of the people"; nearly a million people were executed between 1936-1941, and 4 or 5 million more were sentenced to forced labor in the gulag14
378934101GulagAcronym for the Soviet government agency that administered forced labor camps15
378934102GuomindangThe Chinese Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek from 1928 until his overthrow by the communist in 194916
378934103Khrushchev, NikitaLeader of the Soviet Union from 1953-1964`17
378934104LeninAdopted name of Vladmir Ulyanov (1870-1924), the main leader of Russia's communist revolution and head of the Soviet state from 1917 until his death18
378934105Mao ZedongChairman of China's Communist Party and de factor ruler of China from 1949 until his death in 197619
378934106McCarthyismWave of anticommunist fear and persecution that took place in the United States in the 1950's20
378934107PerestroikaBold economic program launched in 1987 by Mikhail Gorbachev with the intention of freeing up Soviet industry and business21
378934108Russian RevolutionMassive revolutionary upheaval in 1917 that overthrew the Romanov dynasty in Russia and ended with the seizure of power by communist under the leadership Vladmir Lenin22
378934109StalinName assumed by Joseph Vissarionovich Jugashvili (1878-1953), leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death23
378934110Warsaw PactThe military alliance between the USSR and the Communist states of Eastern Europe during the cold war24

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