Terms : Hide Images
| changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new information | ||
| thinking about thinking | ||
| thinking or thought | ||
| a mental image or best example of a category | ||
| mental pictures; powerful aid to effortful processing | ||
| a methodical, logical approach to problem solving guarantees a solution, but slower | ||
| a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems quickly | ||
| judging a situation based on how well it seems to represent, or match, the prototype; may lead one to ignore other relevent information | ||
| tendency to judge events as more likely to occur when info pertaining to them comes readily to mind | ||
| tendency to search for information that supports one's preconceptions | ||
| aka rigidity; a habitual strategy or pattern of problem solving | ||
| the inability to imagine new functions for familiar objects | ||
| tendency to be more confident than correct; to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs | ||
| set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication | ||
| in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit | ||
| in language, the smallest unit that carries meaning | ||
| rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences | ||
| in language, study of meanings of words | ||
| loss of speech due to injury or illness | ||
| language area, if there is a lision you have trouble producing speech, but can understand it | ||
| language area, if there is a lision you have trouble understanding or comprehending speech | ||
| 2nd stage of language acquisition; 12 months of age, child speaks one-word sentences | ||
| natural unconscious process of language development instruction, but needs exposure | ||
| 1st stage of language acquisition; 4 months of age, infants spontaneously utter various sounds | ||
| 3rd stage of language acquisition; 18 months, child omits nonessential words; No book, movie! | ||
| cognitive linguists; believed that humans are biologically "preprogrammed" to acquire language | ||
| chomsky; hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language, includes grammar, vocabulary, and intonation | ||
| chomsky; humans have inborn, native, ability to develop language | ||
| believed the language we use can control or limit the way we think | ||
| aka linguistic determinism; Whorf; suggests that language determines thought, which is untrue; language just influences thought | ||
| a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | ||
| the way an issue is presented; can significantly affect decisions and judgments | ||
| in problem solving, process of narrowing down choices to arrive at a single answer | ||
| in problem solving, the process of widening the range of possibilities for solutions | ||
| first experiments on memory; memorization of meaningless words; forgetting curve | ||
| researcher who studied insight learning in chimps | ||
| research on memory construction, misinformation effect; doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony | ||
| STM, magic number 7+ or - 2, overcome by chunking |
