Unit 9
Vocabulary
EGHS Biology 9
Terms : Hide Images
| 682123306 | physical digestion | Using muscles and organs to break down food; Occurs mostly in your mouth (chewing) and stomach and small intestine. | |
| 682123307 | chemical digestion | the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods into their smaller chemical buiding blocks | |
| 682123308 | extracellular digestion | digestion that takes place outside of the cell | |
| 682123309 | digestive tract | the organs through which the food passes during the process of being digested, these include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. | |
| 682123310 | intracellular digestion | Digestion inside of a cell | |
| 682123311 | ingestion | the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating) | |
| 682123312 | saliva/salivary glands | A liquid in the mouth that starts to break down the food. | |
| 682123313 | esophagus | a tube that connects the mouth to the stomach | |
| 682123314 | gallbladder | the organ that stores bile after it is produced by the liver | |
| 682123315 | pancreas | a small gland behind the stomach that releases fluids and enzymes that aid in digestion | |
| 682123316 | chyme | semi-liquid mixture of food, enzymes and digestive fluids | |
| 682123317 | small intestine | a long narrow tube in which most digestion takes place | |
| 682123318 | large intestine | the last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body | |
| 682123319 | rectum | The last part of the digestive tract, through which stools are eliminaed | |
| 682123320 | anus | A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body | |
| 682123322 | liver | produces bile | |
| 682123323 | stomach | a muscular sac that continues physical and chemical digestion | |
| 682123324 | peristalsis | involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system | |
| 682123330 | villi (villus) | microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. | |
| 682123331 | capillaries | tiny blood vessels that transport blood to and from the cells of the body. Only 1 cell thick, materials can easily diffuse into and out of them. | |
| 682178494 | alveoli | tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange (O2-CO2) occurs | |
| 682178495 | lung | the organs that absorb oxygen from the air you inhale | |
| 682178496 | pharynx | throat; passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and for air traveling to the larynx | |
| 682178497 | epiglottis | a flap of tissue that seals off the larynx and prevents food from entering lungs | |
| 682178498 | trachea | The windpipe; a passage through which air moves in the respiratory system. | |
| 682178499 | larynx | voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords | |
| 682178500 | inspiration | Breathing in | |
| 682178501 | expiration | Breathing out | |
| 682178502 | diaphragm | a dome-shaped muscle at the base of the rib cage that controls the flow of air into and out of the lungs | |
| 682178503 | plasma | clear yellowish fluid, about 90% water, makes up about 55% of blood. | |
| 682178504 | red blood cell | cells in the capillaries that pick up oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to all of the body's cells | |
| 682178505 | hemoglobin | iron rich protein that gives blood its reddish color. blood becomes bright red only when it absorbs oxygen. | |
| 682178506 | diffusion | gases move by diffusion from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Oxygen diffuses from the lungs to the capillaries and CO2 from blood to alveoli | |
| 682178507 | atrium | the two smaller chambers of the heart | |
| 682178508 | ventricle | the two larger chambers of the heart | |
| 682178509 | valve | flaps of tissue in the heart that prevent blood from blowing backward | |
| 682178510 | aorta | the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries | |
| 682178511 | pulse | the rate at which the heart beats | |
| 682178512 | artery | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body | |
| 682178513 | vein | blood vessels that carry blood from the rest of the body back to the heart | |
| 682178514 | atherosclerosis | Clogging, narrowing, and hardening of the body's large arteries |
