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| 15633055745 | The First Red Scare | anti-Communist and anti-immigrant feelings that developed in the U.S. after the Russian Revolution and throughout the 1920s | 0 | |
| 15633058686 | Sacco and Vanzetti Case | in 1921, two Italian immigrants, atheists, anarchists and draft dodgers were arrested and convicted of robbery and murder; they were executed, but many claimed they had an unfair trial due to the Red Scare | 1 | |
| 15633075919 | The Klux Klan of the 1920s | was against forces of diversity and modernity; they were an ultraconservative, nativist extremist group against the changes of the early 20th century; they were against foreigners, Catholics, blacks, Jews, pacifists, Communists, evolutionists, alcohol, gambling, adultery and birth control; was more popular than the original, spreading across the South and the Midwest; many politicians were Klan members or influenced by the Klan; By the end of the 1920s, its membership had collapsed; Americans turned against it and it was exposed to be a marketing scheme; a public relations company had been hired to recruit for the group | 2 | |
| 15633086136 | KKK of the 1860s | was anti-Republican, anti-Reconstruction and anti-black; it had died out when Reconstruction did | 3 | |
| 15633094643 | The Immigration Act of 1924-The Quota System | quotas were cut to 2% but based on the 1890 census, not the 1910 census; 1890 was prior to most New Immigration, so the new law discriminated against New Immigration (Southern and Eastern Europeans, Asians) while favoring Old Immigration (Northern Europeans - British, Irish, Germans, French, Scandinavians, etc.); Japanese were blocked completely, like the Chinese already had; anti-American rallies broke out in Japan; Canadians and Latin Americans were not limited Immigration slowed considerably in the 1920s, throughout the 1960s; Rather than the "melting pot" of assimilation, most New Immigrants kept their cultural heritage while in the U.S.; this made it more difficult to organize for unions and services | 4 | |
| 15633109081 | The 18th Amendment-Prohibition | prohibited the manufacture, sale, or consumption of alcohol in the U.S., from 1919-1933 (repealed later by the 21 st Amendment); was more popular in the South and Midwest; Eastern cities were less favorable, esp. immigrants; was difficult to enforce; federal agents were understaffed and underpaid; also it's difficult to enforce a law that the majority (or a strong minority) of people are against | 5 | |
| 15633129256 | Effects of Prohibition | Speakeasies - secret underground bars Increase in hard liquor consumption; more alcoholic content meant a smaller bottle to conceal Smuggling increased Bootlegging - homemade alcohol; "moonshining" or "bathtub gin" Bank savings increased; workplace absenteeism decreased; alcoholic drinking decreased | 6 | |
| 15633167661 | Modernism | includes the activities and creations of those who felt the traditional forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, philosophy, social organization, activities of daily life, and sciences were becoming ill-fitted to their tasks and outdated in the new economic, social, and political environment of an emerging fully industrialized world. | 7 | |
| 15633171554 | Fundamentalism | those who believe in a literal interpretation of the fundamentals of religion; in this case, Fundamentalist Christians believe in the literal truth of the Bible; Fundamentalists were against Darwinian Evolution and its influence on American religion and education | 8 | |
| 15633169174 | The Scopes "Monkey Trial" | in 1925, John Scopes was indicted for teaching evolution in a TN public school, which was against the law; William Jennings Bryan joined the prosecution team for the Fundamentalists; famous lawyer Clarence Darrow joined the defense team for Scopes; it was a battle of traditional Fundamentalism against the modern forces of Darwinian Evolution; Scopes lost and was fined $100, and the battle between traditional and modern values continued, but Fundamentalists were somewhat ridiculed | 9 | |
| 15633195964 | Female Independence: The 19th Amendment | gave women rights to vote | 10 | |
| 15633259276 | Female Independence: More job opportunities | found more jobs and went to college more | 11 | |
| 15633262541 | Female Independence: Margaret Sanger | feminist and birth control advocate; founded the American Birth Control League, later to become Planned Parenthood; imprisoned; believed in racism and eugenics | 12 | |
| 15633265584 | Female Independence: Flappers | a young, rebellious woman of the 1920s; they typically dressed and behaved provocatively and independently; conservatives were shocked: "when hemlines go up, morals go down" | 13 | |
| 15633266788 | Jazz as modern art | new American music forms that developed in the South and became popular in the 1920s | 14 | |
| 15633269153 | "The Roaring Twenties" of business | A mass consumption economy led to a roar in production in the 1920s, including new fuels, cars, advertising, sports and other products, causing many Americans to go into debt. | 15 | |
| 15633270716 | Mass Consumerism | the buying of products and possessions for satisfaction, rather than creating your own goods based on needs | 16 | |
| 15633272012 | Scientific Management | using science to analyze production and so manage a business, making it more efficient | 17 | |
| 15633273657 | Henry Ford and Fordism | applied mass production and new business techniques to produce millions of cheap reliable automobiles; his techniques became known as "Fordism" | 18 | |
| 15633285207 | The Automobile and its Impact | industry replaced the steel industry as the leading economic engine; "Cars are King!"; it created thousands of jobs and companion industries like rubber, glass, highways, service stations, garages, and oil; allowed people to live farther from their work or play, contributing to the spread of suburbs; it also allowed easier vacationing; became a symbol of status and respect for middle class people; were dangerous; by 1951, they had killed more Americans than all American wars combined; created pollution, but it cut down on pollution from horses; created more convenience, pleasure and excitement than almost any other American invention | 19 | |
| 15757186212 | The Communication Rev. continued: Radio | drew Americans into the home to hear their favorite programs, sports, and music | 20 | |
| 15757215881 | The Communication Rev. continued: Motion pictures and The standardization of culture | Traditionalists criticized this like they did cars and other 1920s trends; ethnic communities and immigrants were more easily assimilated into society with influence from this | 21 | |
| 15757315756 | The Harlem Renaissance | growth of black culture in Harlem, an African-American community of New York City; included jazz, blues, theatre, dance and especially literature; Langston Hughes was its most famous poet | 22 | |
| 15757352375 | The Great Depression | the worst economic depression in U.S. history; Unemployment was heavy; Factories shut down; businesses cut wages; People lost their homes and farms to evictions and foreclosures; Breadlines and soup kitchens gave out free food, funded by charities; Fathers and breadwinners were psychologically depressed; Births decreased; no one wants to have a kid when times are so tough | 23 | |
| 15757357769 | Caused by economic instability, i.e.: | Stock Market Crash of 1929 Disparity of wealth Debt/Credit | 24 | |
| 15757367243 | Stock Market Crash of 1929 | a.k.a. "Black Tuesday," - prices in the stock market started to level out and investors panicked, trying to sell their stocks before they lost all of their value; the market crashed, losing billions of dollars | 25 | |
| 15757379855 | Debt/Credit | Many Americans, banks and stock brokers were in debt due to speculation (risky investments) and installment plan buying | 26 | |
| 15757404069 | Hoover: "Rugged Individualism" | too much Progressivism would make people lazy and dependent on the government; less government; successful without government | 27 | |
| 15757405535 | Hoover: "Trickle-down" intervention | he would use government funds to help the driving economic forces such as banks, railroads, credit corporations, etc., hoping that would stimulate the economy and eventually "trickle down" to the masses | 28 | |
| 15757430194 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) | took office in March 1933 - "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself" which paralyzed efforts to fix the Depression; he promised "action now!" and "bold, persistent experimentation...above all, try something!" | 29 | |
| 15757442910 | FDR: The New Deal | FDR's plans and programs for using the Federal government to fix the problems of the Great Depression, often summed up with the three R's of "Recovery, Relief, and Reform"; builds on ideas of Progressivism | 30 | |
| 15757451345 | The 3 R's | Relief Recovery Reform | 31 | |
| 15757458200 | Recovery: The bank holiday | closed banks to prevent further bank runs and failures; in the meantime, the Emergency Banking Act was passed to provide Federal assistance and reorganization to banks; FDR initiated his "fireside chats," radio broadcasts from FDR to provide updates on the crises and instill confidence in Americans; when banks returned from the holiday, deposits exceeded withdrawals = success | 32 | |
| 15757468620 | Reform: FDIC | (Federal Depositors Insurance Corporation) was created; if a bank was FDIC insured and it collapsed, the government would pay up to $2,500 to each person who lost their money (today it is $250,000) | 33 | |
| 15757479805 | Relief & Recovery: CCC | (Civilian Conservation Corps) - created jobs for young men in outdoor projects, like preserving national parks and fighting forest fires | 34 | |
| 15757483681 | Relief & Recovery: WPA | (Works Progress Administration) - program to create jobs through the Federal government for mostly construction of national infrastructure, including schools, bridges, roads, etc.; also provided work projects for artists | 35 | |
| 15757494025 | Relief: FERA | (Federal Emergency Relief Administration) - gave funds to local and state relief agencies; could be used for simple relief/welfare checks, but preferred for job projects | 36 | |
| 15757504195 | Relief, Recovery, Reform: TVA | Tennessee Valley Authority- one of the most famous New Deal projects; a government-controlled company that built dams on the Tennessee River and its tributaries; the dams controlled floods, provided electricity, jobs and other benefits to a poverty-stricken area; Some critics accused it of socialistic intervention; limited further efforts to continue the project out west | 37 | |
| 15757538638 | Relief & Reform: Social Security | passed in 1935, revolutionary program that provided unemployment, old-age pension, disability and dependent children insurance for Americans; financed by taxes on employers and employees; largely opposed by conservative Republicans; inspired by European programs but did not provide benefits for all, but only those who had been employed | 38 | |
| 15757560734 | Reform: The Wagner Act | (a.k.a. National Labor Relations Act) - created a National Labor Relations Board to manage relations between workers and employers, asserted the right of workers to form and join unions legally and bargain collectively using their own representatives; sometimes considered the "Magna Carta" ("Great Charter") of labor unions | 39 | |
| 15757569325 | Reform: Fair Labor Standards Act | (FLSA) - 1938, set "fair standards" for work; included a minimum wage and maximum hours laws for interstate commerce workers; it abolished child labor under 16 but excluded farm workers, service and domestic workers, which included many minorities | 40 | |
| 15757657871 | Populist critic: Huey Long | "The Kingfish," politician from Louisiana, insisted on more comprehensive social welfare programs to help lower classes, higher taxes on the rich, and old-age pensions; he organized the Share Our Wealth Society; he had aspirations of Presidency and more power but was assassinated; also known as a demagogue | 41 | |
| 15757755290 | The Dust Bowl and migration | the environmental disaster on the Great Plains caused by damaging farm practices and drought; soil turned to dust and blew across the plains and darkened the sky as far as 1,000 miles away; many farmers moved away, especially to California; they were known as "Okies" because most of them came from Oklahoma | 42 | |
| 15757777300 | Supreme Court obstruction of the New Deal | The Supreme Court had struck down many of FDR's New Deal ideas in major cases; FDR thought that the old conservative judges were blocking progress that the people wanted | 43 | |
| 15757788358 | The Court-Packing Plan | FDR's 1937 plan to extend the size of the Supreme Court to allow him to appoint new justices to balance out the conservative ones who hadn't retired; the public, Democrats and Republicans were all incensed; it seemed like FDR was trying to take down the checks and balances of the Constitution and create himself as a dictator; it was his first major blunder as president | 44 | |
| 15757797945 | Keynesianism | believes in the government using borrowed money to promote the economy and encourage consumer spending | 45 | |
| 15757806938 | Conservative Criticism of the New Deal | Communist/Socialist/Soviet influenced; FDR confused noise, movement and improvising with progress; Bureaucracy and the Federal government in general grew too large, bigger than all private businesses; Huge national debt due to deficit spending; Not enough deficit spending to really work; Private business was stifled by government intervention; Cult of personality of FDR; people were blinded by their admiration of him, even when he did wrong; The Great Depression did not end | 46 | |
| 15757817748 | The Legacy of the New Deal | Relief, though not necessarily recovery; Americans had suffered less and survived the Depression; The Depression did not get worse or even collapse the U.S. economic system; It prevented a radical revolution away from capitalism to socialism or communism; It prevented a radical revolution away from Democracy to communism, fascism or dictatorships (like what happened in Europe) | 47 | |
| 15757834657 | The Rise of Fascism/Dictatorship/Totalitarianism = Axis Powers | Germany and Italy formed the Rome-Berlin Axis in 1936; Japan joined in 1940 | 48 | |
| 15772310455 | Defenders of Democracy: The Allied Powers | consisted of the Soviet Union, the United States, United Kingdom, China | 49 | |
| 15772317826 | Isolationism: The Neutrality Acts (1935,1936,1937,1939) | when the president declared a war in effect overseas, certain restrictions went into effect that isolated the U.S. from it the countries involved; were short-sighted; the U.S. staying isolated actually allowed the dictators to rise to power, since they were overpowering to the rest of the Allies; it allowed the dictators to control events and the U.S. to merely react to them | 50 | |
| 15772349076 | The Quarantine Speech | speech made by FDR in which he proposed economic embargos against the aggressive dictators; public opposed this, so FDR did not follow through with this plan | 51 | |
| 15772388547 | Deteriorating Isolationism: The Cash and Carry Law | allowed the U.S. to sell supplies to warring countries if they paid cash up front and used their own ships | 52 | |
| 15772439631 | The Nazis and The Holocaust | the genocide of Jews (and other "undesirables") by Nazi Germany during World War II | 53 | |
| 15772465720 | Deteriorating Isolationism: The Lend Lease Bill | passed in 1941 by Congress, it allowed the U.S. to lend arms and supplies to the Allies to defend America | 54 | |
| 15772531929 | Japanese-American Internment | 110,000 on the Pacific Coast were forced into concentration camps; this was authorized by Executive Order NO. 9066; Washington feared that they might act as saboteurs for Japan in case of invasion | 55 | |
| 15772491922 | The New 14 Points: The Atlantic Charter | FDR and Churchill met in 1941 on a boat in the Atlantic Ocean; the Atlantic Charter outlined plans for future peace after World War II; it was like their version of Wilson's 14 Points | 56 | |
| 15772729135 | The Bracero Program | was a series of laws and diplomatic agreements, initiated on August 4, 1942, when the United States signed the Mexican Farm Labor Agreement with Mexico.; The agreement guaranteed decent living conditions (sanitation, adequate shelter and food), and a minimum wage of 30 cents an hour, as well as protections from forced military service, and guaranteed part of wages were to be put into a private savings account in Mexico; it also allowed the importation of contract laborers from Guam as a temporary measure during the early phases of World War II | 57 | |
| 15772506794 | The Attack on Pearl Harbor | Japanese surprise attack on the naval base on Dec. 7, 1941; destroyed most of the U.S. fleet; FDR called it a "day that will live in infamy"; Congress declared war on Japan; Japan, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.; the U.S. declared war on Germany and Italy; was the last explosion in a chain reaction; the U.S. had been aiding the British and the Chinese against the Axis Powers for years, so it should have been no surprise when one of the Axis Powers finally hit back | 58 | |
| 15772742483 | Rosie the Riveter | is a cultural icon of World War II, representing the women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies; These women sometimes took entirely new jobs replacing the male workers who joined the military | 59 | |
| 15773306579 | The Great (Black) Migration | many left the south to work in the North and this led to racial tensions in the North | 60 | |
| 15773317140 | Fair Employment Practices Order | created by FDR to monitor compliance with his executive order that forbade discrimination in defense industries | 61 | |
| 15773351849 | The "Double V" Campaign | was a slogan and drive to promote the fight for democracy in oversea campaigns and at the home front in the United States for African Americansduring World War II | 62 | |
| 15773385817 | D-Day Invasion of Nazi-held France | here the Allies broke the German stronghold in the West to open a second front, as promised to Stalin at the Teheran, Iran, conference; Eisenhower commanded this; it struggled but eventually succeeded; the forces landed at Normandy, France, then spread across France; they liberated Paris and then moved on to Germany | 63 | |
| 15773419022 | "Island-Hopping" campaign against the Japanese | U.S. assaults from island to island in the Pacific, getting closer to Japan | 64 | |
| 15773429552 | The Manhattan Project | secret project to build an atomic bomb, using ideas from German, British and American scientists; expensive, planned to use against the Germans, but the Germans had already surrendered; tested in New Mexico | 65 | |
| 15773438541 | The Atomic Bombing of Japan | On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was detonated as a test; with the Japanese still refusing to surrender, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, killing 180,000 people; On August 8, Stalin invaded the Japanese defenses of Manohuria and Korea; After the Japanese still refused to surrender, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagaski on August 9, killing 80,000 | 66 | |
| 15773529148 | V-J Day | Victory in Japan Day, 1945 - Japan surrendered soon after the second bomb, but with conditions - they were allowed to keep their emperor | 67 | |
| 15773550956 | Reasons for Allied Victory | American forces suffered 1 million casualties in WWII, while the Soviet Union suffered nearly 25 million; after the war, much of the world was destroyed while America was left virtually untouched; the nation was better prepared for the war than any other nation because it had begun to prepare about a year and a half before the war officially began (for America) | 68 | |
| 15773589037 | 1920 | The Return to Normalcy | 69 | |
| 15773595446 | 1929 | The Stock Market Crash ended the Roaring 20s and began the Great Depression | 70 | |
| 15773604003 | 1939 | The Second World War began; the Great Depression ended | 71 | |
| 15773613733 | 1945 | The Second World War ended with the dropping of atomic bombs; The Cold War began | 72 | |
| 15773651059 | the theories of Sigmundd Freud | To justify their new sexual frankness, many Americans cited | 73 | |
| 15773665083 | eastern urbanites | Prohibition met the strongest resistance from | 74 | |
| 15773672479 | contributed to the standardization of American life | Automobiles, radios, and motion pictures | 75 | |
| 15773689100 | return to agrarian and Populist organization | Disillusioned by war and peace, Americans in the 1920s did all of the following except | 76 | |
| 15773698588 | to accumulate a cloud of debt | The economy that developed in the 1920s helped | 77 | |
| 15773719862 | more sympathetic to New Deal programs | President Roosevelt's "Court-Packing" scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court | 78 | |
| 15773741946 | experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform | In 1932 Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by | 79 | |
| 15773749459 | promising to give every family $5,000 | Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained national popularity by | 80 | |
| 15773766746 | aroused fears of "creeping" socialism | The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) drew criticism because it | 81 | |
| 15773770515 | California | Most Dust Bowl migrants headed to | 82 | |
| 15773786495 | forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a popular referendum | By the mid-1930s, there was strong nationwide agitation for a constitutional amendment to | 83 | |
| 15773794846 | American isolationists were silenced and the U.S. declared war | After Pearl Harbor | 84 | |
| 15773808394 | consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan | The "Axis Powers" | 85 | |
| 15773818291 | the League of Nations did nothing effective to stop it | When Japan invaded China in the 1930s | 86 | |
| 15773842414 | embargo (refusal to trade) to cash-and-carry to lend-lease | From 1925 to 1940 the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence: | 87 | |
| 15773862003 | as a result of anti-Japanese prejudice and fear | Some citizens were placed in American concentration camps during World War II | 88 | |
| 15773874527 | northern cities | By the end of World War II, the heart of the United States' African- American community had shifted to | 89 | |
| 15773885582 | D-Day the surrender of the Germans the dropping of the atomic bombs the surrender of the Japanese | events that happened during WWII in order | 90 | |
| 15773908317 | the establishment of day-care centers by the government | The employment of more than 6 million women in American industry during World War II led to | 91 |
