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US AP History Period 1 Flashcards

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7732641443A land bridge from AsiaHow early Americans reached North and South America0
7732641444Nomadic; following food and herdsThe lifestyle that encouraged Indians to cross the land bridge1
7732641445Mayan, Inca and AztecsThe most complex Indian communities living in South America2
7732641446MaizeThis crop transformed nomadic hunter-gatherer societies into settled farm communities3
7732641447Silk, Spices, Oils/PerfumesItems desired from Persia & China4
7732641448God, Gold & Glory3 motives for Spanish Exploration5
7732641449HispaniolaThe area in which Columbus landed6
7732641450Treaty of TordesillasThe agreement settling the dispute between Spain & Portugal for land in the Americas.7
7732641451Semi-permanent settlementsMost people in the Americas lived in this type of settlement by the time of Christopher Columbus.8
7732641452Anasazi; PuebloTribes that settled in the Southwest; had culture based on farming & irrigation systems with permanent buildings9
7732641453Northwest IndiansLived in permanent longhouses that had a rich diet based on hunting & fishing10
7732641454Great Plains IndiansTribe that was nomadic OR farmers/traders; hunted buffalo, raised maize, beans & squash11
7732641455What did the Treaty of Tordesillas say?Divided the trade routes to Asia: Spain gets the route across the Atlantic and Portugal gets the route around Africa. Also, Spain got a lot of land in the New World and Portugal got present-day Brazil.12
7732641456CortesConquered the Aztecs13
7732641457PizzaroConquered the Incas14
7732641458Bartolome de las CasasMan who stood up for the rights on the natives.15
7732641459RenaissanceTime period that allowed for the invention of gunpowder, the compass and advanced shipbuilding and mapmaking16
7732641460Vasco de GamaFirst European to reach India using the route around South Africa's Cape of Good Hope.17
7732641461John CabotFirst explorer sent by England to the New World; explored the North American coast18
7732641462Christopher ColumbusExplorer who won the backing of Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand of Spain to sail west from Europe to the "Indies."19
7732641463Ferdinand MagellanExplorer who is credited with the 1st circumnavigation of the earth20
7732641464Henry HudsonWhile searching for the northwest passage, this explorer sailed up a a broad river to give the Dutch claim21
7732641465Columbian ExchangeExchange of plants, animals, and diseases (beans, corn, potatoes, tomatoes & tobacco) between Old World and New World after the time of Columbus.22
7732641466Corn, beans, squash (3 sister farming)3 crops from the Americas ended up being staple crops in Europe?23
7732641467HorsesAnimal introduced by the Spanish that changed the lifestyle of the Native American24
7732641468Smallpox, malaria, yellow fever, influenzaDiseases from the Old World and went to the New World25
7732641469SyphillisDisease from the New World to the Old World26
7732641470Valladolid DebateThe argument between Bartolome de Las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda over treatment of Indians by the Spanish.27
7732641471EncomiendaA grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it; essentially set up slavery for Native Americans28
7732641472Atlantic slave tradeLasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. 98% of Africans were sent to the Caribbean, South and Central America.29
7732641473IroquoisA later native group to the eastern woodlands. They blended agriculture and hunting living in common villages constructed from the trees and bark of the forests30
7732641474CherokeeAre a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, the Carolinas and Eastern Tennessee). Linguistically, they are part of the Iroquoian-language family.31
7732641475InuitA member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia)32
7732641476MayaMesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.33
7732641477Aztec(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky.34
7732641478IncaTheir empire stretched from what is today Ecuador to central Chili in the Andes Mountain region of South America. Called the Children of the Sun.35
7732641479TenochtitlanCapital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.36
7732641480NomadEarly, simplistic man that migrated across the land bridge.37
7732641481Martin LutherBroke away from the Catholic Church because of his 95 problems with the Catholic Church.38
7732641482King Henry VIIIBroke away from the Catholic Church because of his disagreement with his inability to get divorced; which eventually led to civil unrest in his country.39
7732641483New FranceEstablished in Canada and along the Mississippi River, focused on fur trade.40
7732641484AnimismBelief that non-human things possess a spiritual essence41
7732641485MestizoPeople with mixed Indian & European heritage42
7732641486MulattoPeople of mixed white and black ancestry43
7732641487Pope's Rebellion/Pueblo Revolt1680 conflict that lead to death of hundreds of Spanish colonists and destruction of Catholic churches in the area44
7732641488Cultural autonomyConflicts between Natives and Europeans were for the Natives to maintain this45
7732641489MercantilismEconomic system in which the colonies exist to enrich the Mother country; attempt to export to colonies more than they import46

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