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| 10996268516 | Earliest environmentalist tendencies | as early as 1739 Ben Franklin petitions Pennsylvania assembly to prevent dumping from tanneries, slaughterhouses, and breweries in the streets due to a lack of property laws, there was an incredible amount of pollution | 0 | |
| 10996331132 | George Perkins Marsh | wrote Man and Nature or Earth as Modified by Human Action in 1864- was one the first to recognize the irreversible impact of humans on the Earth itself wanted people to weigh the pros and cons of using the land for something | 1 | |
| 10996388558 | John Muir | (1838-1914) Naturalist who believed the wilderness should be preserved in its natural state. He was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park in California. A preservationist co-founded the Sierra Club Famously got involved in Hetch-Hetchy Dam and was against the construction of the dam | 2 | |
| 10996421049 | Conservationism | environmental view which stated that land should be protected for carefully managed development ie you can cut down this tree, but you must plant two more trees in its place and every part of that tree must be used | 3 | |
| 10996429204 | Preservationism | a holistic view of nature that assumes that an intact ecosystem is greater than the sum of its parts, with an emphasis on preserving natures because of this extra value above and beyond the value of the individual parts | 4 | |
| 10996444912 | Opening up of the frontier | acts encouraged people to move west and colonize the area- Manifest Destiny | 5 | |
| 10996461485 | Homestead Act of 1862 | this allowed a settler to acquire 160 acres by living on it for five years, improving it and paying about $30 converted around 250 million acres into farmland it was enlarged in 1909 and 1916 | 6 | |
| 10996506411 | Federal Land Grants | turned 94 million acres into railroad grants sold to companies under Morril Act- converted 17 million acres to colleges | 7 | |
| 10996536618 | General Mining Act of 1872 | created nearly free access to mineral rights on public lands with no royalties | 8 | |
| 10996544905 | Reclamation Act of 1902 | set up funding for damns and irrigation projects in the western states to make them more inhabitable/provide water to turn arid land into farm land and reclaim the land | 9 | |
| 10996569376 | Who was the biggest player in the conservation movement other than John Muir? | Theodore Roosevelt | 10 | |
| 10996575222 | National parks first created in | 1872 | 11 | |
| 10996579359 | foundation of the Sierra Club | 1892 | 12 | |
| 10996585101 | national forest service founded in | 1905 | 13 | |
| 10996589772 | national audabon society founded in | 1905 | 14 | |
| 10996593960 | National Parks Service founded in | 1916 | 15 | |
| 10996601782 | what public health measures were enacted? | water and sanitation, city air quality controls and a general huge movement towards sanitation | 16 | |
| 10996632733 | Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 | Erosion was a huge problem because of over grazing of cattle on public lands Provides for the regulation of grazing on the public lands to improve rangeland conditions and regulate their use and passed by Theodore Roosevelt you must have a permit to graze on public lands, which is very cheap considering the fines/money needed for those that are grazing on private property- people contest this like the Bundy Standoff in 2014 which maintained that their families predate the act and therefore will not recognize the Federal Government's authority to fine them/permit them is under the Department of the Interior | 17 | |
| 10996691145 | Tennesee Valley Authority | Put dams in for hydroelectricity and for flood control because of extremely high flood risk in the area | 18 | |
| 10996719446 | Post War America | Manufacturing/Industrial boom (auto, aviation, electronics, appliances) and increased agricultural production Population growth, urban, and suburban growth Cornering the market on most everything Building highways, bridges, water systems And we also got the pollution that came along with it Precursors to Clean Air and Water Acts | 19 | |
| 10996731348 | Increased Pollution (Killer Smogs) in the 1950s | due to the lack of emissions standards, there were numerous killer smogs that were because of emissions caused by power plants, cars, and other emission sources that were completely unregulated and because of a reliance on coal burning | 20 | |
| 10996806507 | Rachel Carson | wrote Silent Spring in 1962 Identified multiple different chemicals that affected water pollution and agricultural chemicals like DDT Credited with identifying some of the most vulnerable bird species (like bald eagles- susceptible to DDT) | 21 | |
| 10996847412 | Paul and Anne Ehrlich | wrote Population Bomb in 1968 looked at the exponentially increasing population and predicted that there would be a point that we as a population would outgrow our ability to feed everyone and there would be rampant starvation | 22 | |
| 10996899644 | Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, OH | caught fire in 1969 due to intense pollution problem, but was far from the first time the river caught fire. Was not even the most damaging fire to have occurred- that was in 1952 Was instrumental in furthering the environmental movement because the united States was becoming more environmentally aware Time Magazine also covered the incident and that national coverage made it more effective | 23 | |
| 10996972733 | Santa Barbara Oil Spill | Largest oil spill at time of occurrence. Now ranks third behind Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon/Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill. Caused by a well blowout during drilling from offshore oil platform Because it affected semi-affluent white communities, it had a larger press coverage and had more political headway | 24 | |
| 10997000123 | National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) | A 1969 U.S. federal act that mandates an environmental assessment of all projects involving federal money or federal permits. Implemented by all agencies and overseen by Council on Environmental Equality (CEQ) | 25 | |
| 10997007527 | Earth Day | A holiday conceived of by environmental activist and Senator Gaylord Nelson to encourage support for and increase awareness of environmental concerns; first celebrated on March 22, 1970 Major Factors Leading to Earth Day Environmental Disasters Political unrest at the late 19060s (Vietnam, Nuclear etc...) College education had gone up from 13.4% (1950) to 25.2% (1974) Awareness and Media Coverage: In 1950s 9% of American households had a television set. By 1960 that number had risen to 87%, by 70 it was 97% | 26 |
