US History 1920's and Great Depression
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| 1077982512 | Frances Perkins | social reformer and U.S. secretary of labor. She taught physics and biology for several years, moving to Lake Forest, Illinois, in 1904. There she became involved in the social settlement movement, which kindled the interest in social reform that was to govern her life. | |
| 1077982513 | John L. Lewis | president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). He also worked for unionization of the steel, automobile, and other mass-production industries and organized the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), a labor organization. Demanding and unyielding, he aroused passions with his thunderous oratory and kept industry in turmoil throughout his long and dynamic career | |
| 1077982514 | John Dewey | One of the most notable American philosophers of the 20th century, he was also a pioneer in educational theory and method. Out of his ideas developed the progressive education movement that was very influential in schools until about 1950. Also, founding the movement called pragmatism. ... | |
| 1077982515 | Frederick Winslow Taylor | inventor and engineer who became famous as the father of scientific management, also called Taylorism. The organization of modern industry, management, and much of daily life in industrial societies reflects his immeasurable influence. | |
| 1077982516 | Claude McKay | One of the most influential figures of the Harlem Renaissance, the African American writer is also known for his contributions to Caribbean literature. He first made his name writing verse in the dialect of his native Jamaica. He went on to write novels that are realistic portrayals of everyday life in black America. | |
| 1077982517 | Richard Wright | The American author pictured with brutal realism what it meant to be black in a white society. His writings speak with the raw voice of an anguish not often evident in novels. | |
| 1078109686 | Countee Cullen | U.S. poet was one of the finest voices of the Harlem Renaissance. He wrote of comedy and tragedy in the life of African Americans with lyric, wistful beauty. | |
| 1078109687 | Bessie Smith | One of the greatest of the blues singers, she sang of the cares and troubles she had known—of poverty and oppression, of love and indifference. Her art is known today through the more than 150 songs she recorded during her brief career. | |
| 1078109688 | Marcus Garvey | African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. | |
| 1078109689 | Pinko | slang term coined in 1925 in the United States to describe a person regarded as being sympathetic to communism, though not necessarily a Communist Party member. It has since come to be used, derogatorily, to describe anyone perceived to have leftist or socialist sympathies | |
| 1078109690 | Frank B. Kellogg | U.S. lawyer and diplomat served as the U.S. secretary of state from 1925 to 1929. He was the coauthor of the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, a multilateral agreement designed to prohibit war as an instrument of national policy. He was awarded the Nobel prize for peace in 1929. | |
| 1078109691 | Aristide Briand | This French statesman served 11 times as the premier of France. Following World War I, he spearheaded international peace efforts and emerged as a leading advocate of the League of Nations. He was a coauthor of the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) to outlaw war. In 1926 he shared the Nobel prize for peace. | |
| 1078109692 | Dr. Francis Townsend | American physician who devised the Townsend Plan, a popular proposal for state-funded old-age pensions. The plan promised to end the Great Depression by opening up jobs for younger workers, while forcing seniors to spend more money in the consumer economy. | |
| 1078109693 | Charles Coughlin | U.S. Roman Catholic priest who developed loyal mass audience by radio broadcasts. 1926; broadcast sermons and talks to children 1930; used broadcasts to support Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 election, then began expressing strong anti-New Deal. | |
| 1078109694 | Alfred M. Landon | In 1936 Roosevelt tried for reelection with most big businessmen against him but with most farmers, workmen, and small storekeepers on his side. His opponent, of Kansas, was supported by about two thirds of the nation's larger newspapers. Roosevelt's backers spent a little more than 5 million dollars; His opponent's backers spent about 9 million dollars. | |
| 1078109695 | Wendell L. Willkie | Democrats break with the two-term tradition and renominate Franklin D. Roosevelt for a third term. Republicans nominate, a public-utilities executive who shared FDR's views on the war in Europe. Franklin D. Roosevelt defeats his opponent by nearly 5 million popular votes. | |
| 1078109696 | New popular culture trends of 1920's | radio, automobile, phonograph, Prohibition, birth control, organized crime, sports | |
| 1078109697 | The Perfect 36 | When TN became the final state that needed to ratify the 19th amendment | |
| 1078109698 | Anne Dallas Dudley | Nashville native who became a state and national leader in the women's suffrage movement. She was elected president of the TN equal suffrage Association and later third vice-president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association | |
| 1078109699 | Harry Burn | Tennessee state representative who cast the final required yes vote for the ratification of the nineteenth amendment at the urging of his mother | |
| 1078109700 | Governor Albert Roberts | Tennessee politician that called for a conference reguarding womens sufferage | |
| 1078109701 | speakeasy | Illegal bar that served liquor during Prohibition | |
| 1078109702 | temperance | Abstinence from alcohol | |
| 1078109703 | socialism | A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production. | |
| 1078109704 | nativism | A policy favoring native-born American over immigrants. | |
| 1078109705 | buying on margin | Purching stock with a little money down with the promise of paying the balance at sometime in the future | |
| 1078109706 | laissez-faire | Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs. | |
| 1078109707 | global interdependence | refers to the importance of one country to another, usually in terms of economics. | |
| 1078109708 | Booker T. Washington | African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. | |
| 1078109709 | W.E.B. Du Bois | African American who believed Blacks should fight segregation; pushed for higher education opportunities for Blacks to achieve economic independence; helped to found the NAACP | |
| 1078109710 | Cordell Hull | He is from TN and Franklin Roosevelt's Secretary of State | |
| 1078109711 | Fort Campbell | Military base on TN/KY border that led to the growth of Clarksville, TN during the war. | |
| 1078109712 | Wagner/Fair Labor Standards' Act | Established minimum wage and overtime pay. | |
| 1078109713 | Civilian Conservation Corps | this program was aimed at over two million unemployed unmarried men between the ages of 17 and 25. The participants left their homes and lived in camps in the countryside. Subject to military-style discipline, the men built reservoirs and bridges, and cut fire lanes through forests. They planted trees, dug ponds, and cleared lands for camping. | |
| 1078109714 | Indian Reorganization Act | also called Wheeler-Howard Act, (June 18, 1934), measure enacted by the U.S. Congress, aimed at decreasing federal control of American Indian affairs and increasing Indian self-government and responsibility. | |
| 1078109715 | Works Progress Administration | When the CWA expired, Roosevelt appointed Hopkins to head this organization, which employed nearly 9 million Americans before its expiration. Americans of all skill levels were given jobs to match their talents. Most of the resources were spent on public works programs such as roads and bridges, but some were artistic projects too. | |
| 1078109716 | What are some New Deal Programs/Initiatives? | Social Security, WPA, TVA, Indian Reorganization Act, FDIC, CCC, Wagner/Fair Labor Standards' Act | |
| 1078109717 | Identify some positive changes in social and cultural life caused by the Great Depression | religious revivalism, some families and new businesses emerged stronger, Popular culture flourished despite the economic hardship- Gone with the Wind and Frankenstein, Roosevelt's radio "Fireside Chats", "Blues" music, Presidential election of 1932, in which Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Republican Pres. Herbert Hoover. The 1932 election was the first held during the Great Depression, and it represented a dramatic shift in the political alignment of the country. | |
| 1078109718 | Identify some negative changes in social and cultural life caused by the Great Depression | mass migrations, rise in crime rate - suicide, theft, prostitution, alcoholism (prohibition), rise in crime rate - suicide, theft, prostitution, alcoholism (prohibition), less marriages and births, families abandoned by husband, Hoovervilles, Bonus Marchers, the gold standard, which linked nearly all the countries of the world in a network of fixed currency exchange rates, played a key role in transmitting the American downturn to other countries. | |
| 1078109719 | What are the negative patterns of an economic cycle? | The stock market crash of October 1929 left the American public highly nervous and extremely susceptible to rumors of impending financial disaster. Consumer spending and investment began to decrease, which would in turn lead to a decline in production and employment. Another phenomenon that compounded the nation's economic woes during the Great Depression was a wave of banking panics or "bank runs," during which large numbers of anxious people withdrew their deposits in cash, forcing banks to liquidate loans and often leading to bank failure. | |
| 1078109720 | Smoot-Hawley Tariff in 1930 | This charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation. | |
| 1078109721 | Consequences of Great Depression | 25% unemployment, bank and business failures, reduction in prices and amount of goods sold, issues with international trade, struggling agriculture industry is worsened | |
| 1078109722 | Underlying causes of Great Depression | uneven distribution of wealth; speculation; margin loans; Increased productivity didn't generate corresponding wage increases for workers, but higher corporate profits. Wealthy spent money on nonessentials and luxuries, and discretionary spending decreased when the crash came. Automobile, housing, textile, tire, and other durable-goods industries were overextended and reducing themselves. Decline in farm prices, important sectors of industry lagging technologically. Or, the Fed failed to assure an adequate money supply to enable the economy to bounce back from the crash. Global economic crisis : lowered exports. Middle class in debt, Hoover's minimalist approach. | |
| 1078109723 | Black Thursday | October 24, 1929, when 12.9 million shares of stock were sold in one day, triple the normal amount. Over the next four days, prices fell 23%. | |
| 1078109724 | Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression. |
