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| 1503437062 | 1960 Election: Kennedy | - Democrat - Wealthy and political family - Went to Harvard | 0 | |
| 1503437063 | 1960 Election: Nixon | - Republican - Poor family - Worked hard to get where he is - Many Americans related to his story | 1 | |
| 1503437064 | 1960 Election: Similarities between Nixon and Kennedy | Served in navy, freshman congressman together after WWII, passionate about foreign affairs | 2 | |
| 1503437065 | 1960 Election: Role of television | - Played a MAJOR role - How candidates looked and spoke turned out to be more important than what they said - Had televised debates | 3 | |
| 1503437066 | 1960 Election: How did Kennedy benefit from television? | On TV, Kennedy came off stronger than Nixon while Nixon came off stronger on the radio...but Kennedy won by one electoral vote | 4 | |
| 1503437067 | 1960 Election: Why did Kennedy receive such strong support from African Americans | Before election, MLK was arrested and Nixon never addressed it whereas Kennedy helped bail MLK out | 5 | |
| 1503437068 | What was Kennedy's style in his Presidency? | He was more like a movie star than a politician, projected youth, health and energy *Idolized by many Perfect fam, very handsome | 6 | |
| 1503437069 | Who did Kennedy surrounded himself with? | - The best and brightest distinguished men - This includes: Secretary of Defense: Robert McNamara Secretary of State: Dean Rusk | 7 | |
| 1503437070 | New Frontier Program | Kennedy's proposals to improve the economy, education, healthcare and civil rights | 8 | |
| 1503552264 | Because Kennedy was troubled by high levels of poverty, what did he try to change domestically? | - Increase of minimum wage - Extensions in social security - Improvement in welfare system, to reach more people | 9 | |
| 1503552265 | Equal Pay Act | - Women in work force get unequal pay - "Equal pay for equal work" in commerce (factories) - Helpful for women | 10 | |
| 1503552266 | How did Kennedy try to stimulate the sluggish economy? | - Tax credits/breaks: providing business owners with tax credit - Increase in military spending: led to increase in jobs - Deficit spending: JFK advocated this b/c of all the tax credits and cuts, for the middle class (more money in the hands of the people so people will buy more) | 11 | |
| 1503552267 | During the Space Race, what was Kennedy's focus? | Landing man on the moon by 1970 | 12 | |
| 1503552268 | What is the difference between Kennedy and Eisenhower? | - Kennedy wanted to build up the nation's armed forces, more aggressive, "what can you do for your country?" - Eisenhower said we needed to be cautious, showed restraint *In regards to defense, Kennedy was in between Truman and Eisenhower | 13 | |
| 1503552269 | What was the "flexible response" defense policy | Being able to say there are multiple military options depending on the situation | 14 | |
| 1503552270 | How did Kennedy pay attention to the third world (suffering people)? | - Peace Corps (volunteer organization, helped contain communism, was a success, Green Berets) - Alliance for Progress (Btw US and Latin America, provided economic assistance in Latin American countries, didn't really work, LAs didn't feel the benefits) | 15 | |
| 1503552271 | Bay of Pigs Invasion | - Started under Eisenhower, implemented by Kennedy - Complete disaster - CIA recruited Cuban exiles and trained them - Exiles would go into Cuba, thought Cubans would rise against Castro with them - Mismanagement - Never did - Pushed Cuba into closer ties with USSR | 16 | |
| 1503552272 | Cuban Missile Crisis | - Most dangerous point of Cold War - 13 days our navy was quarantined - Scared for nuclear war - Both leaders move to détente, install "hot line" to improve communication - Brinkmanship | 17 | |
| 1503552273 | Berlin Crisis | - Khrushchev (leader of SU) demanded US recognize the formal division of Germany and end its military presence in West Berlin - Kennedy asked Congress to increase military spending - Khrushchev had the Berlin Wall Built (visible symbol of Cold War, built because of the number of people leaving from East to West Berlin) | 18 | |
| 1503552274 | What was the problem with flexible response? | Multiple options would make it more probable to get into military wars because of built up conventional forces vs. taking time to work it out diplomatically | 19 | |
| 1503552275 | Modernization Theory | Belief that countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America could become modern, democratic and prosperous nations if they follow the western path (US path) w/o Communism | 20 | |
| 1503552276 | While Kennedy increased military advisors, what did he not commit? | didn't formula commit troops until Johnson | 21 | |
| 1503552277 | Freedom Riders | - Targeted interstate transportation because travel between states was subject to federal regulation | 22 | |
| 1503552278 | Boynton v. Virginia | South Carolina ruled that interstate buses and waiting rooms cannot be segregated | 23 | |
| 1503552279 | Spring 1961 Freedom Ride | - Through deep south - Will the government protect riders? - Organized by CORE - Bus was firebombed in Alabama, arrests and mob attacks | 24 | |
| 1503552280 | To stop the violence with the Freedom Ride, what Kennedy do? | Cut deal with Mississippi state leaders: 1. State police agreed to protect riders 2. Federal government will have transportation commission that would make sure desegregation was happening 3. Federal government would not intervene if the riders disturbed the peace | 25 | |
| 1503552281 | What goal did the Freedom Riders achieve? | To get the reluctant federal government to act on their behalf, it also showed that their Civil Rights movement would not be affected by intimidation | 26 | |
| 1503573487 | James Meredith - "Ole Miss" | - Won a case that allowed him to go to Old Miss - Riots leading up to his arrival and when he arrives | 27 | |
| 1503573488 | Medgar Evers | - Specialist for NAACP - Helped Meredith case - Assassinated because of helping Meredith - Guy who killed him was a part of the Citizens council | 28 | |
| 1503573489 | Birmingham | - Most segregated city in the South - SCLS and King launched major civil rights campaign there despite it being outlawed | 29 | |
| 1503573490 | Bull Connor | public safety commissioner, sparks more protest after MLK arrested | 30 | |
| 1503573491 | How did Kennedy decide to support civil rights after violent protests | - Sent proposal to Congress for major civil rights legislation - Public address to nation - Everyone is equal - Becomes Civil Rights Act of 1964 - As Americans, we are equal - Leads to March on Washington | 31 | |
| 1504410557 | March on Washington | Major civil rights groups came together for massive demonstration in DC *I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH! BY MLK blacks and whites there, wanted pressure the government for more rights for blacks etc. | 32 | |
| 1504410558 | Who assassinated Kennedy? | Lee Harvey Oswald | 33 | |
| 1504410559 | Warren Commission | made to try to figure out what happened in the assassination of Kennedy, never discovered Oswald's purpose cause he was assassinated | 34 | |
| 1504410560 | What led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964? | Church bombing in Birmingham where 4 young girls were killed and people realized that something needed to be changed | 35 | |
| 1504410561 | Filibuster | Kept talk to prevent the topic of the Civil Rights act from getting on the floor, lasted 57 days | 36 | |
| 1504410562 | What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 state? | 1. Banned segregation in public accommodations 2. Gave federal government the ability to compel state/local school boards to desegregate their schools 3. Allowed the justice department to prosecute people who violated civil rights and outlawed discrimination on account of race, color, sex and national origin 4. Equal employment opportunity commission has power to enforce provision and investigate charges of job discrimination | 37 | |
| 1504410563 | 1964 Election: Johnson | Democrat, managed welfare of citizens, felt that the federal government could best regulate economy and promote social justice | 38 | |
| 1504410564 | 1964 Election: Goldwater | Republican, thought social and economic issues should not be addressed by the federal government | 39 | |
| 1504410565 | 1964 Election: Advantages for Johnson | 1. Prosperity on his side 2. Impressive legislative record 3. Had legacy of Kennedy | 40 | |
| 1504410566 | How did the Southern political system make it difficult for blacks to vote? | Literacy tests, poll taxes, intimidation, government didn't fully represent population | 41 | |
| 1504410567 | Freedom Summer | - Campaign started by SNCC which was founded by Ella Baker - 1000 black and white students - Focused on registering African American's ability to vote - Formed the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party - Dangerous | 42 | |
| 1504410568 | Fannie Lou Hamer | - Established the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) - Sharecroppers - Wanted to get the National Democratic Party to recognize them - Didn't settle | 43 | |
| 1504410569 | Marching on Selma | - MLK tries to pressure government to give voting rights - Went from Selma to Montgomery - Freedom Summer was involved? | 44 | |
| 1504410570 | Edmond Pettis Bridge | - Where the March on Selma escalated - Lots of police brutality - "Bloody Sunday" - Killed kids, shown on TV - Thousands of people felt it was out of control and sent a letter to Johnson to make it stop | 45 | |
| 1504410571 | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | - Outlawed literacy tests, said government could oversee voter registration and elections | 46 | |
| 1504410572 | 24th Amendment | Outlawed poll taxes, helped AAs vote more, people had to pay to vote | 47 | |
| 1504410573 | Racial Gerry-Mandering | Drawing of district lines to water down the black influence in the vote | 48 | |
| 1504410574 | Which two court cases outlawed gerry-mandering and established the principal of one man, one vote | Baken v. Simms Reynolds v. Carr | 49 | |
| 1504410575 | How did violence peak in 1967? | - AAs frustrated - At first it was whites attacking blacks, now its blacks against white cops - in Newark and Detroit - Watts Riots | 50 | |
| 1504410576 | Kerner Commission | - National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (established by President Johnson) - Recommended expanding federal programs aimed at overcoming the problems of America's urban ghettos - Investigate violence - Ultimately doesn't happen because of Vietnam | 51 | |
| 1504410577 | After investigating, what did society realize was the cause of the violence? | Deep rooted prejudice *Led to violence and it was at it's boiling point | 52 | |
| 1504503139 | Malcolm X | - Had a different view than MLK - X represented lost heritage - Converts to Islamic religion (strict rules of behavior and advocated separation of the races) - Becomes voice - Against integration - Aggressive for respect | 53 | |
| 1504503140 | Who shot MLK and where were they? | James Earl Ray, in Memphis (MLK was there for a campaign speech on poverty) | 54 | |
| 1504880628 | "Black Power" | - Advocated by Stokely Carmichael (leader in SNCC) - Told African Americans to use their own economic ability and not to rely on the white man's establishments | 55 | |
| 1504880629 | Black Panthers | - Led by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale - Symbol of young militant African Americas - Common among college age black youth - Not designed to be violent - Protected blacks from unfair and brutal treatment by police - Problem = had a violent image | 56 | |
| 1504880630 | Why did MLK not like the Black Panthers? | Because he felt it would damage what we had accomplished before | 57 | |
| 1504880631 | Fair Housing Act | Outlawed discrimination based on race (in housing) | 58 | |
| 1504880632 | Affirmative Action | - Designed to close the gap between whites and blacks - Business and schools have to reserve a percentage of spots to minorities | 59 | |
| 1504880633 | What was the criticism of Affirmative Action? | It constituted reserve discrimination and violated the goal of creating a colorblind society (Ex. Allan Bakke denied medical school, had better grades but didn't get in because the school had to give the job to a minority) | 60 | |
| 1504968020 | Economic Opportunity Act | Started the Job Corps (provided work skills for men and women 16-21 that will help with independent living to avoid poverty), VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America, provided services to poor communities), and Head Start (gave money to under privileged children to get more out of elementary school) | 61 | |
| 1504968021 | What did the Great Society focus on (big 4)? | 1. Aid in education 2. Health care for elderly and disabled 3. Voting rights legislation 4. Immigration reform | 62 | |
| 1504968022 | Medicare and Medicaid | Medicare: Helped elderly (65+) Medicaid: Helped poor and disabled | 63 | |
| 1504968023 | Elementary and Secondary Education Act | Government provided money to schools to improve resources | 64 | |
| 1504968024 | Immigration and Nationality Act | Eliminated quota system, 200,000 immigrants, US becoming more open and able to reunite families *Immigration increases from Latin American and Central America | 65 | |
| 1505067291 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | Gives Johnson a blank check to commit troops and money to Vietnam war | 66 | |
| 1505067292 | Why did American citizens not like the Vietnam war? | Because it was the first war televised and they got to see what was really going on and they thought it was unnecessary | 67 | |
| 1505067293 | Operation Rolling Thunder | Gradual progression of bombing to get enemy to give up | 68 | |
| 1505067294 | Tet Offensive | Vietnam launched attacks on 27 cities including US embassy (turning point of war) | 69 | |
| 1505067295 | Kent State Massacre | Students protesting increase in bombing, national guard opened fire and killed 4 students :( (Another protest: Cointel Pro) | 70 | |
| 1505087153 | 3 P's | 1. Youthful population bulge 2. Protest against racism and war 3. Permanence of prosperity *A youthful rebellion, tumultuous | 71 | |
| 1505087154 | Free Speech Movement | First organized protest against authority at UC Berkeley in California, school administration banned political protests on campus | 72 | |
| 1505087155 | Counterculture | Hippies, make love not war, drugs, guys with long hair, no bras, growth of gay rights, change in dynamic with education, don't trust anyone over 30 | 73 | |
| 1505087156 | Sexual Revolution | - Birth control pill - Promiscuity | 74 | |
| 1505087157 | Mattachine Society | Gay rights movement | 75 | |
| 1505087158 | Stonewall Rebellion | At Stone Wall inn in NY, no more than 3 gay men at a bar at a time, gay men retaliated against police | 76 | |
| 1505087159 | Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) | Stems from free speech movement, very active democratic national convention, protests war -- Weathermen were referred to as terrorists | 77 | |
| 1505159215 | Warren Court | - Led by Chief justice Earl Warren - Supported civil rights, civil liberties, voting rights, and personal privacy | 78 | |
| 1505159216 | Which two court cases dealt with "one man, one vote" | Baker v. Carr, Reynolds v. Sims | 79 | |
| 1505159217 | Which four cases broadened the individual rights of accused criminals and narrowed the the rights of and what did each of them do? | Mapp v. Ohio: said any evidence received illegally cannot be used in trial, need search warrants Gideon v. Wainwright: Sets rules that if you can't pay for an attorney there will be one given to you Escobedo v. Illinois: People have to have access to a lawyer before being questioned, if they answer anything before that, it can't be used against them Miranda v. Arizona: Criminals have to be informed of their rights | 80 | |
| 1505159218 | Engel v. Vitale | bans school prayer in public schools as violation of 1st amendment | 81 | |
| 1505159219 | Abington v. Schempp | bans reading Bible during school as part of curriculum | 82 |
