US History Unit 2 Exam for Moloney G Block
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| 562871648 | Missouri Compromise | -Tensions rose in 1819 when Missouri's application for statehood stirred up controversy over whether the country should expand westward. -Missouri's territorial gvt requested admission into the Union as a slave state in 1819. -Senate added an amendment to prohibit slavery in LA territory N of MO's S boundary. -Becomes 24th state. Passes 1820 | |
| 562871649 | President Andrew Jackson's Election | Led in popular vote, but didn't win necessary electoral votes. Decision went to the House. John Quincy Adams won. Wins 4 years later. | |
| 562871650 | Spoils System | Practice of appointing people to government jobs based on party loyalty and support. | |
| 562871651 | The Bank War | -Charter for new nat'l bank is up for renewal. -Congress passes new charter -Jackson vetoes bill, wants to limit the power of the federal government. -Public=mad -Irreconcilable differences forced Dem-Rep to split into 2 parties. Democrats, led by Jackson. Whigs, led by Henry Clay | |
| 562871652 | Jackson's Beliefs | Democratic Party ( State's Rights) -Rejected established authority -Wanted to end corruption in politics -Strong democracy. | |
| 562871653 | Indian Removal Act | Increased pressure from the states to remove Indians. -GA,AL,and MS deny Indians legal rights. -> Indian Removal Act. Relocates indians to inhabited regions W of Miss River. -1838 Martin Van Buren sends people to forcibly remove them. | |
| 562871654 | Nullification Crisis | John Calhoun wrote book that said that states have the right to nullify federal law. -3/4 of states could amend the Constitution to create a nullification law. -If passed, nullifying state could leave the Union. -SC nullifies gov tariffs -Jackson disagrees with the succession clause. -Congress passes Force Act and Compromise Tariff of 1833. -Ends nullification crisis. | |
| 562871655 | Effects of Nullification Crisis | Establishes Federal Supremacy. Federal government always wins. Creation of anti-Jackson coalition among southerners. | |
| 562871656 | Democrats | States Rights | |
| 562871657 | Whigs | Federal Government. Opposition to Jackson. Wanted to expand federal gvt, encourage industrial and commercial development and centralized economy | |
| 562871658 | Manifest Destiny | Idea that the nation was meant to spread to the Pacific. | |
| 562871659 | Mexican-American War | Texas's entry into the Union made Mexica mad. Disputed TX SW border. Senate votes in favor of war. | |
| 562871660 | Compromise of 1850 | CA comes in as a free state and organizes the rest of the Mexican cession without any restrictions on slavery. -Ended slave trade in DC. -Passed fugitive slave act. | |
| 562871661 | Fugitive Slave Act | Benefits slaveholders. Created active hostility towards slavery among Northerners. Slaveholder only had to point out an alleged run away. | |
| 562871662 | Underground Railroad | Network of abolitionists helped them. Harriet Tubman - most famous conductor. | |
| 562871663 | Uncle Tom's Cabin | Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Caused Southern outrage. Impact on public opinion. Caused civil war? | |
| 562871664 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | Nebraska became a free state. Kansas would become a slave state. 1854. -Civil war erupts in Kansas. | |
| 562871665 | Reemergence of Republicans | N Whigs joined w/ Free-Soilers and anti slave Democrats to form Republican Party. GOAL: Stop Southern Planters from becoming an aristocracy that controlled government. Slavery should be kept out of the territories. | |
| 562871666 | Know-Knothings | N Dems -> American party aka Know Nothings. -Anti Catholic and Nativist. Opposed Immigration. | |
| 562871667 | Dred Scott v. Sanford | Dred Scott was a MO slave who had been taken North to work in free territory. He sued to end his slavery. Supreme court dismissed it bc Scott wasn't a citizen. Would have lost anyways. | |
| 562871668 | John Brown's Raid | Abolitionist who opposed slavery with violence. Seized the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, VA. Free enslaved people in the area and rebel against slaveholders. | |
| 562871669 | President Abraham Lincoln | Elected president in 1850. Within days of his election, SC becomes 1st state to secede. -Republican -Believed slavery was morally wrong, opposed spread of it to the Western Territories. | |
| 562871670 | Southern Seccession | Starts with South Carolina. Followed by Miss., FL, AL, GE, LA, and TX | |
| 562871671 | Fort Sumter | First to fall. Confederate forces bombarded it for 33 hours. | |
| 562871672 | Advantages of North During the War | North: More money, people..etc. Anaconda plan! | |
| 562871673 | Advantages of South During the War | More respected generals | |
| 562871674 | Martial Law | Military rule. Established in Baltimore. | |
| 562871675 | Habeas Corpus | Court order that requires the government to charge an imprisioned person with a crime or let them go free. | |
| 562871676 | North Strategy | Anaconda Plan- Blockade of Southern Ports. Only a long war focused on destroyig the South's armies | |
| 562871677 | South's Strategy | Pick battles carefully. Attacking and retreating when necessary to avoid heavy losses. Defensive war of attrition. Goal: to take over DC | |
| 562871678 | Battle of Antietam | Crucial Union victory. British government was ready to intervene. South lost its best chance at international recognition and support.. | |
| 562871679 | Emancipation Proclamation | Decree freeing all enslaved people in states still in rebellion after Jan 1, 1863. | |
| 562871680 | Life on the Battlefield | Hard! | |
| 562871681 | Battle of Gettysburg | Union won. Strengthened republicans. Disaster for the South. 1/3 of their army was dead. | |
| 562871682 | Sherman's March to the Sea | William Tecumseh Sherman - In charge of Union operations in West while Grant headed East to fight Lee. Sherman heads to South carolina. | |
| 562871683 | The South Surrenders | The capture of Atlanta revitalized Northern support for the war and lincoln. | |
| 562871684 | Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction | Lincoln offered a general amnesty to all SOutherners who took an oath of loyalty to the US. -Wanted a moderate plan to reconcile the south with the union instead of punishing it for treason. | |
| 562871685 | Johnson's Plan for Reconstruction | People could individually appeal for amnesty. Required states to ratify 13th ammendment. | |
| 562871686 | Freedmen's Bureau | Est. by Congress. Helped formerly enslaved people find work on plantations and negociated labor contracts with planters. Congress refused to confirm the right of African Americans to own lands that had been seized from plantation owners. | |
| 562871687 | Congressional Plan for Reconstruction | (republican dominated) Freedmen's Bureau. 14th and 15th Ammendment. Military Reconstruction act. | |
| 562871688 | Black Codes | Seemed to be intended to keep African Americans in a condition similar to slavery. Required them to enter into annual labor contracts. | |
| 562871689 | 13th Ammendment | Bans slavery in US | |
| 562871690 | 14th Ammendment | Granted citizenship to all people born in the U.S. and declared that no state could deprive any person of life, liberty and property without due process of law | |
| 562871691 | 15th Ammendment | Declared that the right to vote shall not be denied on account of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude | |
| 562871692 | Southern Resistance to Reconstruction | Southern opponents of Reconstruction to undermine republican rule - Ku Klux Klan | |
| 562871693 | Failures of the Reconstruction | -Black Codes -KKK -Republicans lose power in House and Senate -Share Cropping -Reconstruction left blacks trapped in poverty. | |
| 562871694 | Redemption and Compromise of 1877 | Included a promise to pull federal troops out of the South. |
