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| 8012488304 | Functions in the body | - Synthesis of new cells: RBC - Health of nerve tissue - Active folate - Catabolism of amino acids in energy metabolism | 0 | |
| 8012500749 | Daily needs | 2.4 ug | 1 | |
| 8012501994 | Food sources | - Fish, poultry - Egg, cheese - Fortified foods | 2 | |
| 8012503915 | Deficiency symptoms | - Pernicious anemia, characterized by fatigue, glossitis, nerve damage as indicated by tingling and numbness in the hands and feet | 3 | |
| 8012603831 | Cyanocobalamin | - The form of Vi B12 found in foods - Contains an atom of cobalt and an atom of cyanide | 4 | |
| 8012511170 | Methylocobalamin | - Active form - Contains an atom of cobalt and a methyl group | 5 | |
| 8012519005 | Deoxyadenosylcobalamin | The coenzyme from of Vi B12 that converts intermediate substances in the TCA cycle | 6 | |
| 8012523596 | Transcobalamin | The protein that transports Vi B12 in the blood | 7 | |
| 8012527030 | atrophic gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach | 8 | |
| 8012530418 | Pernicious anemia | - Inability to absorb Vi B12 caused by a lack of intrinsic factors - Form large immature RBC | 9 | |
| 8012534263 | Cobalamin | Vitamin involved in energy metabolism and the conversion of homocysteine to methionie | 10 | |
| 8012540130 | R protein | The protein secreted from the salivary glands that bind Vi B12 in the stomach and transport it into the small intestine during digestion | 11 | |
| 8012551393 | Intrinsic factor | A glycoprotein secreted by the stomach that results in the absorption of Vi B12 | 12 | |
| 8012561633 | Digestion and absorption | 1. The salivary glands produce R- protein that will travel to the stomach and bind with Vi B12 there 2 Cells lining the stomach will secrete HCI and pepsin which releases B12 from proteins in the food and intrinsic factors which travel with chyme to the small intestine 3. Proteins bind to with R-proteins and moves into the small intestine 4. Pancreatic protase releases Vi B12 from the R-protein. Vi B12 then binds with the IF and travels to the ilium 5. IF binds to a receptor site on an intestinal cell in the ilium and releases Vi B12 into the cells | 13 | |
| 8012613090 | Vitamin B12 activates folate | - Vi B12 activates folate by removing the methyl group - Both folate and Vi B12 are now active and able to synthesize DNA | 14 |
