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| 5476373055 | Gutenberg | Invented the printing press which first printed the bible and made books cheaper | 0 | |
| 5476376533 | Martin Luther | 95 theses; faith alone not the church to get to heaven | 1 | |
| 5476378672 | John Calvin | believed in hard work,discipline, honesty, and morality; predestination; church hierarchy or theocracy; bible was only source of religious truth | 2 | |
| 5476384137 | John Wycliffe | English priest and theologian; translated Vulgate Bible into English; pushed for many reforms | 3 | |
| 5476388166 | Jan Huss | criticized the church; executed by the holy roman empire | 4 | |
| 5476391164 | Elizabeth the I | Anglican but tolerant of Catholics; was married to Henry VIII but divorced | 5 | |
| 5476393206 | King Henry VIII | English king: rules with absolute power. Six marriages, know for role in the separation of the church of England from the Roman Catholic Church | 6 | |
| 5476394927 | Francis I | King of France; imposed new control of catholic church: renaissance monarch | 7 | |
| 5476398038 | Machiavelli | Author of The Prince; every influential writer | 8 | |
| 5476401095 | Cardinal Richelieu | advisor for Louis XIV; Catholic: wanted the centralize the king's power | 9 | |
| 5476404560 | Francis Bacon | English philosopher, author, scientist and statesman. Influential member of scientific revolution | 10 | |
| 5476406002 | Descartes | established that human reason could be used to develop laws explaining the fundamentals of nature | 11 | |
| 5476409785 | Newton | Formulated the law of gravity | 12 | |
| 5476412980 | John Locke | Wrote 2 treaties on government; believed the people were sovereign; thought government was designed to protect natural rights " life, liberty, and property" | 13 | |
| 5476415640 | Montesquieu | Wrote Sprite of Laws; Believed the best governments have a separation of powers | 14 | |
| 5476418996 | Charles V of Habsburg | King of Spain; ruler of the Hapsburg empire; gave up his title to become a monk, divided his empire, leaving the hapsburg lands in central Europe to his brother, Ferdinand; gave spain, the netherlands, some southern Italian states, and Spain's overseas empire to his son Philip, later Philip II. | 15 | |
| 5476425227 | Hobbes | Wrote Leviathan; believed the best form of government was absolutism; believed the people consented to government for self-protection | 16 | |
| 5476428873 | Rousseau | Wrote Social Contract; Argued that government and the people agreed to a social contract | 17 | |
| 5476433179 | Voltaire | Believed on Religious freedom was needed, not religious fanaticism; Argued for the separation of church and state | 18 | |
| 5476440135 | Mary Wollstonecraft | enlightenment thinker; feminist; from England; argued that politics should be opened to women | 19 | |
| 5476452243 | Louis XIV (sun King) | of France; example of divine right absolute rule; moved home and office to the Palace of Versailles | 20 | |
| 5476456323 | Glorious Revolution | English people overthrew James II; resulted in parliament getting basic sovereignty over the king | 21 | |
| 5476460378 | William and Mary of England | named the new king and queen during the Glorious Revolution by Parliament | 22 | |
| 5476464734 | Charles II of England | became king (son of Charles I) Known as restoration because the Stuart line of kings was restored to the throne; Catholic but parliament was Protestant causing issues | 23 | |
| 5476467992 | Treaty of Nantes | decree made by Henry IV in Nantes to restore internal peace in France; defined the rights of the French Protestants | 24 | |
| 5476477988 | Treaty of Westphalia | also known as Peace of Westphalia; name of several treaties that concluded the Thirty Years' War; marked the end of a large-scale religious violence in Europe; ended war | 25 | |
| 5476481630 | English Civil War | kings wanted absolute rule but parliament prevented it; Charles I | 26 | |
| 5476489129 | Cromwell | (Oliver) Led parliament's forces and captured and killed king Charles; became king during the Restoration | 27 | |
| 5476492470 | Henry I | son of William the conqueror; King of England | 28 | |
| 5476497636 | Proletariat | class of working people without ability to use producing property because of economic change | 29 | |
| 5476501833 | Kepler | Discovered the planets moved in an elliptical shape | 30 | |
| 5476505258 | Harvey | discovered the heart circulated the blood in a circuit form | 31 |
