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| 385585269 | Mansa Musa | this Mali king brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; he was the most powerful king in west africa | 0 | |
| 385585270 | Marco Polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. | 1 | |
| 385585271 | Marshal Plan | George Marshal the US secretary of state saw Europe as very important to the USA, he saw the best way to keep them out of communism is to help restore their countries in 1947, June, and he proposed a plan to provide massive economic aid to Europe | 2 | |
| 385585272 | Mary Wollstonecraft | English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women | 3 | |
| 385585273 | Mauryan Empire | The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes. (184) | 4 | |
| 385585274 | Maya | a member of an American Indian people of Yucatan and Belize and Guatemala who had a culture (which reached its peak between AD 300 and 900) characterized by outstanding architecture and pottery and astronomy | 5 | |
| 385585275 | Meiji Reforms | Brought the Tokugawa Shogunates to an end. It made Japan a great imperial power. Japan became modern. | 6 | |
| 385585276 | Methodius | Along with Cyril, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic. | 7 | |
| 385585277 | Mexican Revolution | characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist and agrarianist movements, and culminated in the Mexican Constitution of 1917 Led by Fransico Madero | 8 | |
| 385585278 | Middle Passage | the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade | 9 | |
| 385585279 | Mikhail Gorbachev | Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe. (p. 863) | 10 | |
| 385585280 | Ming Dynasty | A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia | 11 | |
| 385585281 | Mao Zedong | This man became the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and remained its leader until his death. He declared the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and supported the Chinese peasantry throughout his life. | 12 | |
| 385585282 | Mohenjo Daro | Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system., One of the first settlements in India | 13 | |
| 385585283 | Monotheism | belief in a single God | 14 | |
| 385585284 | Monsoon | rainy season in southern Asia when the southwestern monsoon blows, bringing heavy rains | 15 | |
| 385585285 | Montezuma | evergreen tree with large leathery leaves and large pink to orange flowers | 16 | |
| 385585286 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (p. 536) | 17 | |
| 385585287 | Muhammad | leader of Black Muslims who campaigned for independence for Black Americans (1897-1975) | 18 | |
| 385585288 | Napoleonic Code | This was the civil code put out by Napoleon that granted equality of all male citizens before the law and granted absolute security of wealth and private property. Napoleon also secured this by creating the Bank of France which loyally served the interests of both the state and the financial oligarchy | 19 | |
| 385585289 | Nasser | president of Egypt, took over the Suez Cannal from Britain in 1956 | 20 | |
| 385585290 | National Assembly | French Revolutionary assembly (1789-1791). Called first as the Estates General, the three estates came together and demanded radical change. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789. (p. 585) | 21 | |
| 385585291 | NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries | 22 | |
| 385585292 | Nehru | Indian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964). | 23 | |
| 385585293 | NEP | New Economic Policy, (1921) allowed capitalist ventures, state kept control of banks, foreign trade, and large industries, small businesses were allowed to reopen for private profit stopped harassing peasants for grain, and peasants held on to small plots of land and sold surplus | 24 | |
| 385585294 | Nonalignment | people (or countries) who are not aligned with other people (or countries) in a pact or treaty | 25 | |
| 385585295 | Olmec | The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., the Olmec people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. (86) | 26 | |
| 385585296 | Olympe de Gouges | A proponent of democracy, she demanded the same rights for French women that French men were demanding for themselves. In her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791), she challenged the practice of male authority and the notion of male-female inequality. She lost her life to the guillotine due to her revolutionary ideas. | 27 | |
| 385585297 | Opium Wars | war between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the opium trade, ended with the Chinese treaty to the British- the opening of 5 chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges | 28 | |
| 385585298 | Ottoman Empire | a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe | 29 | |
| 385585299 | Partition of Poland | division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe. | 30 | |
| 385585300 | Patriarchy | a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line | 31 | |
| 385585301 | Patricians | A member of one of the noble families of the ancient Roman Republic, which before the third century B.C. had exclusive rights to the Senate and the magistracies. | 32 | |
| 385585302 | Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. | 33 | |
| 385585303 | Peloponnesian War | a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta | 34 | |
| 385585304 | Phonecians | 1000 B.C., western side of fertile cresent, sailors and traders; became trading empire, developed 22 letter alphabet each letter stood for a sound, our alphabet is based on the (blank) alphabet | 35 | |
| 385585305 | Pizarro | A conquistador who in 1532, marched into SOuth America, and conquered the Inca Empire. Atahualpa offered a room filled with gold and twice and silver for his release, but they strangled him | 36 | |
| 385585306 | Plato | one of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be the GREATEST philosopher of western civilization. Explained his ideas about government in a work entitled The Republic. In his ideal state, the people were divided into three different groups. | 37 | |
| 385585307 | Plebeians | the poorer majority of the roman empire; the working class; couldnt be part of government; could vote but not hold office; couldnt be in army | 38 | |
| 385585308 | Prague Spring | In 1968, Czechoslovakia, under Alexander Dubcek, began a program of reform. Dubcek promised civil liberties, democratic political reforms, and a more independent political system. The Soviet Union invaded the country and put down the short-lived period of freedom. | 39 | |
| 385585309 | Qin Dynasty | the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall | 40 | |
| 385585310 | Qing Dynasty | the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries | 41 | |
| 385585311 | Qur'an | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | 42 | |
| 385585312 | Radical Revolution | Period when Maximillion Robespierre takes control of France, raises an army of 650,000 to 1,169,000 and pushes invading armies out of France. This is the mark of Nationalism | 43 | |
| 385585313 | Renaissance | The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history | 44 | |
| 385585314 | Robespierre | A French political leader of the eighteenth century. A Jacobin, he was one of the most radical leaders of the French Revolution. He was in charge of the government during the Reign of Terror, when thousands of persons were executed without trial. After a public reaction against his extreme policies, he was executed without trial. | 45 | |
| 385585315 | Roman Empire | an empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire | 46 | |
| 385585316 | Russian Revolution | the revolution against the Czarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917 | 47 | |
| 385585317 | Safavid Empire | Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. | 48 | |
| 385585318 | Saljuk Turks | mostly lived on borders of Abbasid realm (abundant trade), eventually overshadowed the Abbasid caliphs (leader), then gained control and extended Turkish rule. Conquered Byzantine army (took control) welcomed converts to Islam, made political/social/economic opportunities available. | 49 |
