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| 8422047792 | Indians | Misnomer created by Columbus referring to indigenous peoples of New World; implies social and ethnic commonality among Native Americans that did not exist; still used to apply to Native Americans. |  | 0 |
| 8422047793 | Toltec Culture | Succeeded Teotihuacan culture in central Mexico; strongly militaristic ethic including human sacrifice; influenced large territory after 1000 C.E.; declined after 1200 C.E. |  | 1 |
| 8422047794 | Toplitzin | Religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs in 10th century; dedicated to god Quetzalcoatl; after loosing struggle for priestly or political power, went into exile with followers in the Yucatan peninsula. |  | 2 |
| 8422047795 | Quetzalcoatal | Toltec deity; Feathered Serpent; adopted by Aztecs as major god. |  | 3 |
| 8422047796 | Tenochtitlan | Founded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in 1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of Mesoamerica. |  | 4 |
| 8422047797 | Tlaloc | Major god of Aztecs; associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle; god of rain. |  | 5 |
| 8422047798 | Huitzilopochtli | Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult and human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god. |  | 6 |
| 8422047799 | Nezhualcoyotl | Leading Aztec king of the 15th century. |  | 7 |
| 8422047800 | Chinampas | Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture utilized by Aztecs. |  | 8 |
| 8422047801 | Pochteca | Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long distance trade in luxury items. |  | 9 |
| 8422047802 | Calpulli | Clans in Aztec society, later expanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors. |  | 10 |
| 8422047803 | Pachacuti | Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca. |  | 11 |
| 8422047804 | Ayllus | Households in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from some common, sometimes mythical ancestor. |  | 12 |
| 8422047805 | Twantinsuyu | Inca empire; region from present-day Colombia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina. |  | 13 |
| 8422047806 | Split Inheritance | Inca practice of descent; all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy. |  | 14 |
| 8422047807 | Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center located at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas. |  | 15 |
| 8422047808 | Tambos | Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies on the move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages; Way for bureaucrats to stay updated. |  | 16 |
| 8422047809 | Mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control. |  | 17 |
| 8422047810 | Inca Socialism | A view created by Spanish authors to describe Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole. |  | 18 |
| 8422047811 | Yanas | A class of people within Inca society removed from their ayllus to serve permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or the Inca nobility. |  | 19 |
| 8422047812 | Quipu | System of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records. |  | 20 |
