All Terms
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| 324526760 | prehistory vs. history | when things were written down vs. when things weren't written down | 0 | |
| 324526761 | features of civilization | cities, organized central government, complex religious, job specialization, social classes, writing, art, public works | 1 | |
| 324526762 | stages of hominid development | simple tools to more advanced; astrolopithicus, homo hablis, homo erectus, homo sapiens, homo sapiens sapiens | 2 | |
| 324526763 | "Out of Africa" thesis vs. multiregional thesis | Paleolithic people originated in Africa and then moved waround the world due to food and other resources vs. people were in other places at the same time as African people | 3 | |
| 324526764 | Paleolithic Era | The old stone age ending in 12,000BCE; rise of crude stone tools & hunter-gatheres | 4 | |
| 324526765 | Neolithic Era | the new stone age 8000 - 5000BCE; agriculture, domestication of plants & animals | 5 | |
| 324526766 | Family units, clans, tribes | groups of early humans that migrated together and settled together | 6 | |
| 324526767 | Foraging societies | societies able to adapt & find food in their environment | 7 | |
| 324526768 | Nomadic hunters/gatherers | moving with food sources as they migrate | 8 | |
| 324526769 | Ice Age | 1/3 of Earth being ice; 10,000 years ago; very cold; mammoths, etc. | 9 | |
| 324526770 | Civilization | societies economic surplus - division of labor/hierarchy formal political organizations; city benefits, wealth, ideas, etc. | 10 | |
| 324526771 | Neolithic Revolutions | development of agriculture | 11 | |
| 324526772 | Domestication of plants & animals | planting seeds and growing food from that; keeping animals, raising them & harvesting | 12 | |
| 324526773 | Nomadic pastoralism | moving from place to place herding and raising animals; to different grazing areas | 13 | |
| 324526774 | Migratory farmers | people who farm in one place, then farm in another | 14 | |
| 324526775 | Patrilineal/patrilocal | in the social system by parents or decent/marriage | 15 | |
| 324526776 | Irrigaiton systems | ways of getting water to crops | 16 | |
| 324526777 | Metalworking | melting and molding metal to make tools, weapons, etc. | 17 | |
| 324526778 | Ethnocentrism | believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic group | 18 | |
| 324526779 | Foraging | obtaining food | 19 | |
| 324526780 | Sedentary agricultre | when people who are settled farm | 20 | |
| 324526781 | Shifting cultivation | when people finish farming & let it fallow and it grow with the forest | 21 | |
| 324526782 | Slash & burn agriculture | burning trees down, farming then moving on and farming somewhere else when soil is bad | 22 | |
| 324526783 | Matrilineal | Being related to female blood line | 23 | |
| 324526784 | Cultural diffusion | when cultures spread all over the world | 24 | |
| 324526785 | Independent invention | creative innovations of new solutions to old and new problems | 25 | |
| 324526786 | Specialization of labor | one person is good at making one thing & they make it for their society | 26 | |
| 324526787 | Gender division of labor | labor divided between men & women hunting and gathering, etc. | 27 | |
| 324526788 | Metallurgy & metalworking | physical & chemical behavior of metallic elements and their mixtures, crafts & practice | 28 | |
| 324700239 | Fertile Cresent | present day Israel, West Bank & Lebanon & parts of Jordan, Syria, Iraq, & SE Turkey | 29 | |
| 324700240 | Gilgamesh | Legendary protagonist in Epic of Gilgamesh | 30 | |
| 325304049 | Hammurabi's Law Code | 1st set of defined laws within a civilization | 31 | |
| 325304050 | Egypt | civilization along Nile River | 32 | |
| 325304051 | Egyptian Book of the Dead | Common name for the ancient Egyptian funerary texts | 33 | |
| 325304052 | Pyramids | Tombs for Egyptian kings | 34 | |
| 325304053 | Hieroglyphics | system of writing used by Ancient Egyptians | 35 | |
| 325304054 | Indus valley civilization | ancient civilization along Indus River : Pakistan & W. India | 36 | |
| 325304055 | Early CHina | Xia, Shanf, Qin, Han | 37 | |
| 325304056 | The Celts | group of peolple in land b/w British Isles to Gallatia ; War w/ Romans | 38 | |
| 325304057 | The Hitties and Iron weapons | 1st to work iron & enter iron age central Anatolia, NW Syria, Uragit | 39 | |
| 325304058 | The Assyrians & calvary weapons | indigenous people of Mesopotamia started cavalry warfare | 40 | |
| 325304059 | Persian Empire | dynasties ruling Perisa, Iran ; Cyrus the Great | 41 | |
| 325304060 | Hebrews & monotheism | descendants of Patriarch Eber Canaan's 1st monotheistic group : Yahweh | 42 | |
| 325304061 | Phonecians & alphabet | maritime trading culture - 1st form of written language | 43 | |
| 325304062 | Lydians & COlmage | ancient kingdom of Asia Minor | 44 | |
| 325304063 | Greek city-states | region controlled exclusively by Greek, and usually having sovereignty ex. Crete | 45 | |
| 325304064 | Democracy | form of government policy decided by majority | 46 | |
| 325327934 | Persian Wars | series of conflicts between Greece & Persia 500-448BCE | 47 | |
| 325327935 | Peloponnesian War | 431BCE between Athens & Peloponnesian League : Sparta & Corinth | 48 | |
| 325327936 | Alexander the Great | United Greece; Hellenistic Age; conquer large empire | 49 | |
| 325327937 | Hellenism | shift from Greeks ethnic to various ethnicities | 50 | |
| 325327938 | Homer | Greek poet : Iliad & Odyssey | 51 | |
| 325327939 | Socrates & Plato | philosopher/student | 52 | |
| 325327940 | Aristotle | 1 of 2 influential philosophers: physics, poetry, zoology, logic, government & biology | 53 | |
| 325327941 | Western scientific thought | systematic approach of observation hypothesis formation, testing & evaluation | 54 | |
| 325327942 | Roman Republic | government of Rome & territories 510BCE until Roman Empire. Caesar's appointment or Augustus | 55 | |
| 325327943 | Plebians vs. Patriarchs | peasants vs. upper class | 56 | |
| 325327944 | Punic Wars | 3 wars fought between Rome & Phonecian Carthage | 57 | |
| 325327945 | Julius Caesar | Roman military & political leader; instrumental in the transformation of Roman Republic & Empire; dictator for life | 58 | |
| 325327946 | Roman Empire | ancient Roman policy in te century following its reorganization under leadership of Octavian | 59 | |
| 325327947 | Qin, Han, Tang Dynasties | 1st of 3 dynasties of centralized China | 60 | |
| 325327948 | Shi Huangdi | king 247-221BCE; 1st emperor of a unified China from 211-110; first emperor name | 61 | |
| 325327949 | Chinese tributary system | form of conducting diplomatic & political relations with China before fall of Qin | 62 | |
| 325327950 | Silk Road | interconnected series of routes through southern Asia traversed by Caravan & Ocean vese | 63 | |
| 325327951 | Nara and Heian Japan | division of Japan 794-1185; Heian = peak of Japanese; art, poetry and literature. Nara = villages; Shinto religion | 64 | |
| 325327952 | Fujiwara Clan | dominated Japanese politics of Heian Period | 65 | |
| 325327953 | Lady Muraski & "Tale of Genji" | written by Muraski; first novel of Japanese/world literature | 66 | |
| 325327954 | Central Asia & Mongolia | closely tied to is nomadic peoples and silk road; acted as a crossroad for movement of people, goods & ideas between Europe, Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia | 67 | |
| 325327955 | Ayran invasion of India | invaded & destroyed Indus civilization; settle and moved to Ganges | 68 | |
| 325327956 | Dravidians | people of south and central India & Sri Lanka who speak Dravidian language; best known for Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayaiam | 69 | |
| 325327957 | Indian caste system | division of classes into 4 castes | 70 | |
| 325327958 | Ashoka | of Mauryan Empire 273-232BCE; convert to Buddhism | 71 | |
| 325327959 | Constantinople/Byzantium Empire | made into 2nd capital by Constantine in attempts to help Rome turn its economy around | 72 | |
| 325327960 | Justinian | 527-565BCE: Eastern Roman emporer; tried to restore old Rome; unable to maintain a hold in Italy & lost provinces in North America; last effort to restore the Mediterranean unity | 73 | |
| 325327961 | Early Medival Europe "Dark Ages" | period between last emporer of Rome & Renaissance (475-145AD); art dominated by Catholic religion | 74 | |
| 325327962 | Feudalism | social organization created by exchange of lands or fiefs in return for formal oaths of allegiance and promises of loyal service; typical of Zhou dynasty and European Middle Ages; greater country protects smaller country in return for military | 75 | |
| 325327963 | Charlemagne | Charles the Great; Carolingian monarch established empire in France and Germany (800CE); restored some church-based education in western Europe, and the level of intellectual activity slowly recovered; empire couldn't survive after death | 76 | |
| 325327964 | Muhammad and the foundation of Islam | 610 or earlier recieved first revelation; Allah communicated with hime though angel of Gabriel; believed in 5 pillars | 77 | |
| 325327965 | Umayyad & Abassid caliphates | Umayyad: clan of Quraysh that dominated politics & commercial economy of Mecca; later establish dynasty as rulers of Islam. Abbasid: dynasty succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam 750CE | 78 | |
| 325327966 | Bantu and their migrations | to 10th century reached East Africa interior; bantu-speaking herders to north, farmers to the south mixed with order population in religion; others move to African coast creating coastal trading ports | 79 | |
| 325327967 | Nubia | Coptic (Christians of Egypt) influence spread up Nile into Nubia. (ancient land of Kush) Muslims attempted to penetrate Nubia and met stiff resistance in 9th century (left Christian descendants of Kush - left as independent Christian kingdom until 13th century) | 80 | |
| 325442695 | Ghana | gold for slat. West Africa to Mediterranean/North Africa. Camels used. 3rd century: great power due to tax on gold and salt exchange. 10th century: convert to Islam. Almoravid invasions 1026. 13th century: new states | 81 | |
| 325442696 | Olmec | culture arose at San Lorenzo & La Venta in Mexico 1200BCE; irrigation, urbanism, elaborate religion, calendric & writing systems | 82 | |
| 325442697 | Maya | culture in South Mexico & central American contemporary with Teotihuacan; extended over broad religion, monumental architecture, written language, calendric & mathematical system, highly developed religion | 83 | |
| 325442698 | Andean societies | developed in 2nd millennium BCE in central Andes/cenrtal Pacific coast of S. America. Oldest artifacts-9750BCE; economic surplus begins 2000BCE. Included urbanized cultures. Semi-urbanized Inca conquered Peru in 15th century. In 16th century, European fiefdom of Spain conquered Peru. | 84 | |
| 327216253 | Mississippi culture | a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in Midwestern, Eastern, and SOuth eastern United States in the centuries leading up to European contact. Began to develop 900AD. Tennessee River Valley also developed characteristics. Mississippian Stage is considered to close with arrival of European contact. | 85 | |
| 327216254 | Anasazi | Ancestral Puebloans were a prehistoric Native American civilization centered arround present-day Four Corners area of Southwest United States | 86 | |
| 327232005 | Cultural diffusion vs. independent innovation | spread through cultures vs. independent inventing | 87 | |
| 327232006 | Aristocracy | system of government with "rule by the best" | 88 | |
| 327232007 | Parliamentary bodies | senate and .... [peasant voting body] | 89 | |
| 327232008 | Oligarchy | political regime where most political power effectively rests with a small regment of socicety | 90 | |
| 327232009 | Republics/democracies | republic- state or country that is led by people who don't base their political power on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country. Democracy- form of government in which policy is decided by the preference of the majority in a decision-making process, usually electrions or referendums open to all or most citizens | 91 | |
| 334922991 | Theocracy | form of government in which a religion or faith plays a dominant role | 92 | |
| 334922992 | Slavery vs. serfdom | were not property themselves and could not be sold apart from the land which they worked. Serfdom is the forced labor of serfs, on the fields of the privileged land owners, in return for protection and the right to work on their leased fields. | 93 | |
| 334922993 | War | state of widespread conflict-use of violent, physical force between combatants or upon civilians | 94 | |
| 334922994 | Trade routes | sequence of pathways and stopping places used for the commerical transport of cargo | 95 | |
| 334922995 | Polynesian migrations | began from the islands of Fiji, Tonga and Samoa; spreading east, south, and north; covering millions of square miles of ocean sparsely dotted with islands. Polynesians migrated throughout the Pacific in sailing canoes, ultimately forming a triangle whose points are Aotearoa to the southwest, Rapa Nui to the east, and the Hawaiian Archipelago to the north. | 96 | |
| 334922996 | Eurasia's great age of migrations | increase in migrations from Eurasia | 97 | |
| 334922997 | Polytheism | belief in multiple gods | 98 | |
| 334922998 | Zoroastrianism | one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. Worship of Wisdom | 99 | |
| 334922999 | 10 Commandments | list of religious and moral imperatives which according to the Bible was spoken by the god Yahweh to Moses on Mount Sinai and engraved on two stone tablets | 100 |
