Terms : Hide Images
| 4073430292 | Toussaint L'Ouverture | Was an important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti; in a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator. | 0 | |
| 4073443355 | Latin American Revolutions | Series of risings in the Spanish colonies of Latin America (1810-1826) that established the independence of new states from Spanish rule but that for the most part retained the privileges of the elites despite efforts at more radical social rebellion by the lower classes. | 1 | |
| 4073448045 | Simon Bolivar | The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. | 2 | |
| 4073452906 | Catholic Church in Latin America | Very powerful in Latin America. One of the largest land owners in Latin America - lobbies to keep conservative rule, economic/social/ political interest | 3 | |
| 4073465348 | Creoles | In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples. | 4 | |
| 4073467773 | Mestizos | A person of mixed Native American and European ancestry | 5 | |
| 4073471339 | Mulattos | Africans or people of mixed European and African ancestry | 6 | |
| 4073476094 | Christian Missionaries | people who went around spreading Christianity | 7 | |
| 4073478003 | Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade | the trading of African people to the colonies of the New World in and around the Atlantic ocean | 8 | |
| 4073480553 | Atlantic World | A pattern of exchange between Western Europe, Western Africa, North and South America, and the Caribbean. Made it easier to get goods from foreign places. | 9 | |
| 4073493762 | Westernization | An adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western—especially European or American—countries. | 10 | |
| 4073495164 | Settler Colonies | Colonies, such as those in South Africa, New Zealand, Algeria, Kenya, and Hawaii, where minority European populations lived among majority indigenous peoples. | 11 | |
| 4073496285 | Tropical Dependecies | 12 | ||
| 4073496286 | Migration Factors | Push and pull factors, taxes, $ , education, safety, lower cost of living. | 13 | |
| 4073499272 | Revolutions | Democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across Europe during a time after the Congress of Vienna when conservative monarchs were trying to maintain their power. The monarchy in France was overthrown. In Germany, Austria, Italy, and Hungary the revolutions failed. | 14 | |
| 4073501171 | Industrialization | This gradually changed the way that things were produced, starting in the mid 18th century, but escalating greatly by the mid 19th century. | 15 | |
| 4073502564 | Imperialism | A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically. | 16 | |
| 4073502565 | Nationalism | A sense of unity binding the people of a state together; devotion to the interests of a particular country or nation, an identification with the state and an acceptance of national goals. | 17 | |
| 4073504253 | Communication Revolution | A change in the way people communicate | 18 | |
| 4073505894 | Urbanization | Growth of cities | 19 | |
| 4073507895 | Colonization | Physical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing in indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land | 20 | |
| 4073510632 | Transportation Revolution | A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation. | 21 | |
| 4073521970 | Class Conflict | Karl Marx's term for the struggle between the capitalist class and the working class | 22 | |
| 4073523284 | Abolitionists | Anti-slavery activists who demanded the immediate end of slavery. | 23 | |
| 4073523285 | Mercantillism | Economic philosophy in which England established the colonies to provide raw materials to the mother country; the colonies receive manufactured goods in return. | 24 | |
| 4073526629 | Bullion | gold and silver in the form of bars | 25 | |
| 4073528297 | Economic Imperialism | independent but less developed nation that is controlled by private business interests rather than by other govts. | 26 | |
| 4073531854 | Ethnocentrism | The belief that one's group is of central importance, tendency to judge the practices of other groups by one's own cultural standards. | 27 | |
| 4073536457 | Social Darwinism | A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background. | 28 | |
| 4073538417 | Economic Exploitation | the act of using another person's labor without offering them an adequate compensatioN | 29 | |
| 4073564801 | Scramble for Africa | Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts. | 30 | |
| 4073564802 | Berlin Conference | (1884-1885) During European Imperialism, various European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to discuss plans for dividing Africa peacefully. These leaders had little regard for African independence, and had no representation for native Africans. This began the process of imperializing Africa. | 31 | |
| 4073566858 | Zulu Kingdom | Shaka created this kingdom by using his strong military to drive out other tribes from an area under pressure from overpopulation and strained resources | 32 | |
| 4073566859 | Boers | Also known as Afrikaners, the sector of the white population of South Africa that was descended from early Dutch settlers | 33 | |
| 4073568123 | Malaria | This disease is commonly associated with poverty and is spread by mosquitos. Each year 1-3 million people mostly in sub-saharan Africa die of this diesase and hundreds of millions are infected. | 34 | |
| 4073570459 | Belgium, Congo | Belgium Colony in central Africa, started imperialization in Africa | 35 | |
| 4073574536 | Cecil Rhodes | Born in 1853, played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism. | 36 | |
| 4073587091 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453-1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe. | 37 | |
| 4073587092 | Tanzimat Reforms | began under Sultan Mahmud II. On November 3, 1839, Sultan Abdülmecid issued an organic statute for the general government of the empire named the Hatt-ı Şerif of Gülhane (the imperial garden where it was first proclaimed). It guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes | 38 | |
| 4073590457 | Balkans | geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe. Greece and the region North of Greece. | 39 | |
| 4073590458 | Young Turks | A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution. In 1908 they succeed in establishing a new constitutional era. | 40 | |
| 4073592677 | Sick Man of Europe | Nickname given to the Ottoman Empire because of the frequent ethnic revolts and the rest of Europe picking away at it | 41 | |
| 4073592678 | Crimean War | (1853-1856) Russian war against Ottomans for control of the Black Sea; intervention by Britain and France cause Russia to lose; Russians realize need to industiralize. | 42 | |
| 4073594515 | Mahdi | In Sufi belief system, a promise deliverer; also a name given to Muhammad Achmad, leader of late 19th century revolt against Egyptians and British in the Sudan | 43 | |
| 4073597678 | Muhammad Ali | Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952. | 44 | |
| 4073600017 | Khedives | Descendants of Muhammad Ali in Egypt after 1867; formal rulers of Egypt despite French and English intervention until overthrown by military coup in 1952. | 45 | |
| 4073600018 | Suez Canal | Ship canal dug across the isthmus of Suez in Egypt, designed by Ferdinand de Lesseps. It opened to shipping in 1869 and shortened the sea voyage between Europe and Asia. Its strategic importance led to the British conquest of Egypt in 1882. | 46 | |
| 4073601939 | Islamic Slave Trade | Slave trade dominated by the Muslim Arabs that brought sub-Saharan Africans across the Sahara desert to the Arab world after the eighth Century. | 47 | |
| 4073603682 | Anglo-Egyptian Administration | An Anglo-Egyptian agreement restored Egyptian rule in Sudan but as part of a condominium, or joint authority, exercised by Britain and Egypt. The agreement designated territory south of the twenty-second parallel as the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. | 48 | |
| 4073625101 | Qing Empire | Empire established in China by Manchus who overthrew the Ming Empire in 1644. At various times they also controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, Turkestan, and Tibet. The last emperor of this dynasty was overthrown in 1911 by nationalists. | 49 | |
| 4073625102 | Manchu | Northeast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties. | 50 | |
| 4073626521 | Opium Wars | Wars between Britain and the Qing Empire (mind 1800s), caused by the Qing government's refusal to let Britain import Opium. China lost and Britain and most other European powers were able to develop a strong trade presence throughout China against their wishes. | 51 | |
| 4073627678 | Treaty of Nanjing | (1842) An unequal treaty between Great Britain and China resulting from the Opium War. The treaty stated that China was to reimburse Britain for costs incurred fighting the war. The Chinese were forced to open several ports to British trade, provide Britain with complete control of Hong Kong, and grant extraterritoriality to British citizens living in China. | 52 | |
| 4073627679 | HSBC | Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation | 53 | |
| 4073629504 | Infrastructure | the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. | 54 | |
| 4073631313 | Civil Service Exams | A test given to qualifying candidates for positions in the government. Han emperors created theses. Theses tests are long , and have questions on classic, poetry and legal and administrate issues. | 55 | |
| 4073634787 | Hereditary Privileges | No more, abolishes feudalism; meritocracy | 56 | |
| 4073636443 | Taiping Rebellion | (1850-1864) A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners. | 57 | |
| 4073640776 | Self-Strengthening Movement | The Self-Strengthening Movement is also known as the Westernization movement. China believed that it was important to modernize their military under the efforts of Li Hongzhang. Li built railroads to connect mines to coastal cities and dispatched children to the US for education. These students eventually returned the China to delve into engineering and diplomacy. Unfortunately, Li's philosophy of equipping China with a modernized military was not sufficient. He failed to emphasize the need to modernize the government, education system, and bureaucracy. Li also built a large naval fleet, only to be destroyed by the Japanese Navy due to the lack of modernization on the part of traditions, education, and the governmental system. The failure of the movement eventually led to the transfer of governmental power from the Manchus to the Han Chinese, and the rise of private armies. | 58 | |
| 4073642004 | Boxer Rebellion | Rebellion in China against foreigners that occurred soon after the "Open Door" notes. Caused by foreign (American and European) "spheres of influence" within the Chinese empire. Led to no formal division of China and the world powers accepted compensation from the Chinese for damages instead. | 59 | |
| 4073643930 | Empress Cixi | Empress of China and mother of Emperor Guangxi. She put her son under house arrest, supported anti-foreign movements like the so-called Boxers, and resisted reforms of the Chinese government and armed forces. | 60 | |
| 4073645405 | Sun Yat-Sen | A radical who was educated in Hawaii and return to China to practice medicine. Soon he turned his full attention to the ills of Chinese society. In Tokyo convention in 1905, he manage to unite radical groups from across China in the so - called Revolutionary alliance, or Tongmenghui. This was based upon the three people's principles. | 61 | |
| 4073648421 | Tokugawa Shogunate | Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences. shogunate started by Tokugawa Leyasu; 4 class system, warriors, farmers, artisans, merchants; Japan's ports were closed off; wanted to create their own culture; illegal to fight; merchants became rich because domestic trade flourished (because fighting was illegal); had new forms of art - kabuki and geishas | 62 | |
| 4073648422 | Samuri | Warriors who helped the shoguns govern Japan | 63 | |
| 4073652537 | Meiji Restoration | In 1868, a Japanese state-sposored industrialization and westernization effort that also involved the elimination of the Shogunate and power being handed over to the Japanese Emperor, who had previously existed as mere spiritual/symbolic figure. | 64 | |
| 4073654299 | British Raj | The name given to the period and territory of direct British colonial rule in South Asia between 1858 and 1947--from the time of the attempted Indian Revolt (Sepoy Mutany) to the Independence of India. | 65 | |
| 4073656635 | Sepoy Munity | Gossip spread among the sepoys, the Indian soldiers, that the cartridges of their were greased with beef and pork fat. Hindus and Muslims outraged. The sholdiers who has disobeyed were jailed, next day the sepoys rebelled. Fierce fighting took place. Both British and sepoys tried to slaughter each other. | 66 | |
| 4073656636 | Sati | A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals. | 67 | |
| 4073660258 | Dutch East Indian Company | a trading company established in 1602 under government sponsorship, set up a settlement in southern Asia at the cape of good hope, which was meant to serve as a base to provide food and other provisions to Dutch ships enroute to the Spice Islands | 68 | |
| 4073662317 | British East Indian Company | The East India Company, was an English joint-stock company, formed to pursue trade with the East Indies, originally chartered in 1600 by Queen Elizabeth, but which ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and Qing China because they were driven out by the Dutch. | 69 | |
| 4073662318 | Hawaii | America attained Hawaii by forcing the Hawaiian King to sign a constitution and reduced his power. The Queen Liliuokalani gave up her country because she didn't want to go to war with America. Hawaii became the 50th State | 70 | |
| 4073664023 | New Zealand | Australia | 71 | |
| 4073692322 | Nationalistic Uprisings | Independence movements based on loyalty to free states | 72 | |
| 4073692323 | Colonial Rivalries | British and French conflicts with Germany over Africa | 73 | |
| 4073694021 | Napolean | This man became King after overthrowing the Directory. He posed as a King born from the Revolution; however, like Louis XVI, Bonaparte had all the power. (France came back to everything they were fighting against) | 74 | |
| 4073694022 | Congress of Vienna | Following Napoleon's exile, this meeting of European rulers in Austria established a system by which the balance of power would be maintained, liberal revolutions would be repressed, as would imperial expansion, and the creation of new countries in Europe. | 75 | |
| 4073697834 | Parliamentary System | A system of government in which the legislature selects the prime minister or president, a system of government in which both executive and legislative functions reside in an elected assembly. The head of the government must be a current member of the legislature. | 76 | |
| 4073699768 | Revolutions of 1848 | Democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across Europe during a time after the Congress of Vienna when conservative monarchs were trying to maintain their power. The monarchy in France was overthrown. In Germany, Austria, Italy, and Hungary the revolutions failed. | 77 | |
| 4073701423 | Radicalism | A social theory, formulated by Karl Marx and modified by other theorists, that posits that class conflict between owners and workers will cause the eventual demise of capitalism; offers a critique of capitalism | 78 | |
| 4073702579 | Marxism | the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will untimately be superseded | 79 | |
| 4073702580 | Liberalism | A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle classes. | 80 | |
| 4073704818 | Conservatism | This was the political idea in which the people regarded tradition as the basic source of human institutions and the proper state and society remained those before the French Revolution which rested on a judicious blend on monarchy, bureaucracy, aristocracy, and respectful commoners | 81 | |
| 4073715029 | Absolutism | A system of government in which the ruler claims sole and incontestable power. Absolute monarchs were not limited by constitutional restraints. | 82 | |
| 4073715030 | Democracy | A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives | 83 | |
| 4073717058 | Bourgeoisie | A social class that derives social and economic power from employment, education, and wealth, as opposed to the inherited power of aristocratic family of titled land owners or feudal privileges. It's a term for the middle class common in the 19th century. It's characterized by their ownership of property and their related culture. | 84 | |
| 4073717059 | Mass Production | The manufacture of many identical products by the division of labor into many small repetitive tasks. This method was introduced into the manufacture of pottery by Josiah Wedgwood and into the spinning of cotton thread by Richard Arkwright. (602) | 85 | |
| 4073719650 | Capitalism | An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. | 86 | |
| 4073719651 | Steam Power | During the Industrial Revolution (1700's to late 1800's) Powered by the steam engine, it allowed the speed of manufacturing to grow much faster and transport markets far from their European industrial sites. | 87 | |
| 4073721771 | Wealth of Nations | A book published by Adam Smith in 1776. Insisted that individual self-interest, even greed, was compatible with society's best interests. Claimed an "invisible hand" of supply and demand naturally brought both interests in line. | 88 | |
| 4073724083 | Laissez-Faire | The economic concept of the Scottish philosophe Adam Smith (1723-1790). In opposition to mercantilism, the government's role in the economy was one of non-interference | 89 | |
| 4073726049 | Factory System | Method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building, employees followed rules and regulations and became used to working regular hours and worked simple tasks over and over again. | 90 | |
| 4073734290 | Proletariat | Working class or lower class | 91 | |
| 4073734291 | Reform Movements | Reformers sought to change unfair labor practices, increase nutrition and improve conditions for the poor, enslaved, imprisoned, women, alcoholics, and the disabled | 92 | |
| 4073736368 | Labor Unions | Organizations of workers who, together, put pressure on the employers in an industry to improve working conditions and wages. | 93 | |
| 4073738385 | Communist Manifesto | This is the 1848 book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which urges an uprising by workers to seize control of the factors of production from the upper and middle classes. | 94 | |
| 4073739851 | Mass Consumerism | Refers to the spread of deep interest in acquiring material goods and services spreading below elite levels, along with a growing economic capacity to afford some of these goods. While hints of mass consumerism can be found in several pre-modern societies, it developed most clearly, beginning in Western Europe, from the 18th century onward. | 95 | |
| 4073739852 | Sufferage | the right to vote | 96 | |
| 4073741967 | Traditional Family Life | a progression of stages through which many families pass. the five traditional FLC stages are; bachelorhood, honeymooners, parenthood, postparenthood, and dissolution | 97 | |
| 4073743778 | Constitutional Monarchy | King or queen's power is limited by law | 98 | |
| 4073745616 | Louis XVI | King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793. | 99 | |
| 4073754649 | Enlightenment | A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions. | 100 | |
| 4073754650 | John Locke | English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. | 101 | |
| 4073756569 | Revolution | A major change | 102 | |
| 4073757796 | Declaration of Independence | 1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain. | 103 | |
| 4073760311 | Declaration of the Rights of Man | French Revolution document that outlined what the National Assembly considered to be the natural rights of all people and the rights that they possessed as citizens | 104 | |
| 4073763382 | Universal Manhood Sufferage | Giving all adult men the right to vote, whether they owned property or not. | 105 | |
| 4073772968 | Anarchism | Many groups including the socialists and Marxists of the 19th century often opposed the idea of a state. They believed society would function better without a government and that governments do nothing but promote exploitation. | 106 | |
| 4073774949 | Otto Von Bismarck | Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire (714) | 107 | |
| 4073774950 | Feminist Movements | Sought various legal and economic gains for women, including equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on right to vote; won support particularly from middle-class women; active in western Europe at the end of the 19th century; revived in light of other issues in the 1960s. | 108 | |
| 4073778170 | Declaration of the Rights of Women | the document stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights." These rights included "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression." The document also guaranteed citizens equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion. | 109 | |
| 4073778171 | Socialism | A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. | 110 | |
| 4073781480 | Nicholas II | Last tsar of Russia, he went to the frontlines in WWI to try to rally the troops, but was forced to abdicate after his wife made horrible decisions under the influence of Rasputin. | 111 | |
| 4073782788 | Decembrist Revolt | Alexander I died in 1825 and restless groups in Russian army supported Constantine as Tsar over Nicholas I (because former had proposed innovations). Proclaimed him tsar at St. Petersburg - wanted Constantine and constitution. But Constantine had declared in favor of Nicholas. Five officers were hung. This was the first modern revolutionary movt in Russia. | 112 | |
| 4073784061 | Crimean War | (1853-1856) Russian war against Ottomans for control of the Black Sea; intervention by Britain and France cause Russia to lose; Russians realize need to industiralize. | 113 | |
| 4073790491 | Emancipation of Russian Surfs | 1861; serfs were free and could buy land from landowners but most were too poor to buy them so they would take out loans. , edict issued in 1861 by Alexander II, was achieved at the tsar's insistence; was intended to avert a revolution; brought freedom but few political rights for the peasants; did not significantly increase agricultural production | 114 | |
| 4073790492 | Serfdom | A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. This was common in early Medeival Europe as well as in Russia until the mid 19th century. | 115 | |
| 4073792231 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land | 116 | |
| 4073793821 | Bolsheviks | A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917 | 117 |
