Terms : Hide Images
| 217813504 | Paleolithic Era | called the old stone age (from 10,000 to 2.5 million years ago); they were concerned with food supply; they used stone as well as bone tools; they were nomadic hunters and gatherers. | 0 | |
| 217813505 | Neolithic Era | New Stone Age in which people learned to polish stones to make tools like saws and drills; how to make fire. Were farmers. | 1 | |
| 217813506 | Neolithic Revolution | Switch from hunting and gathering to agriculture and farming | 2 | |
| 217813507 | Sedentary Agriculture | domestication of plants and animals | 3 | |
| 217813508 | Slash and Burn Agriculture | When fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris. | 4 | |
| 217813509 | Matrilineal | relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother | 5 | |
| 217813510 | cultural diffusion | the spread of cultural elements from one society to another | 6 | |
| 217813511 | Fertile Crescent | a geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates | 7 | |
| 217813512 | Gilgamesh | the epic story of the king, Gilgamesh, who searched for immortality. This is a Sumerian legend and is believed to be the first story | 8 | |
| 217813513 | Hammurabi's Law Code | based on Sumerian law, the Code of Hammurabi allowed all people to see the laws of the empire. Worked on the basis of "an eye for an eye" and covered all aspects of society. | 9 | |
| 217813514 | Indus valley civilization | a civilization that featured well-planned cities, and sophisticated sanitation systems on the Indus River in India. | 10 | |
| 217813515 | hieroglyphics | an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds | 11 | |
| 217813516 | The Persian Empire | used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). the Achaemenid Empire that emerged under Cyrus the Great that is usually the earliest to be called "Persian." | 12 | |
| 217813517 | Greek city-states | region controlled exclusively by Greek, and usually having sovereignty. Ex. Crete | 13 | |
| 217813518 | democracy | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 14 | |
| 217813519 | Alexander the Great | son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world | 15 | |
| 217813520 | Hellenism | the principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization | 16 | |
| 217813521 | Homer | ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC) | 17 | |
| 217813522 | Roman Republic | the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC | 18 | |
| 217813523 | plebians vs. patricians | peasants/slaves vs. elite/upperclass | 19 | |
| 217813524 | Julius Caesar | Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power | 20 | |
| 217813525 | Roman Empire | an empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire | 21 | |
| 217813526 | the Silk Road | One of the first trade routes in the world,an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay. | 22 | |
| 217813527 | Aryans | nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system | 23 | |
| 217813528 | Indian caste system | system was a basically simple division of society into four castes (Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Sudra) arranged in a hierarchy, with the "Untouchable" (Dalit) outcasts below this structure. But socially the caste system was more complicated, with many more castes and sub-castes and other divisions. | 24 | |
| 217813529 | Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddism. | 25 | |
| 217813530 | karma | in Hinduism and Buddhism, the totality of the good and bad deeds performed by a person, which is believed to determine his or her fate after rebirth | 26 | |
| 217813531 | Dharma | in Hinduism, the duties and obligations of each caste | 27 | |
| 217813532 | Brahma | A Hindu god considered the creator of the world. | 28 | |
| 217813533 | Buddhism | the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth | 29 | |
| 217813534 | Four Noble Truths | 1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path | 30 | |
| 217813535 | Eightfold Path | In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering | 31 | |
| 217813536 | nirvana | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the beatitude that transcends the cycle of reincarnation | 32 | |
| 217813537 | Confucianism | The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. | 33 | |
| 217813538 | Analects | a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples | 34 | |
| 217813539 | Mandate of Heaven | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source | 35 | |
| 217813540 | Zoroastrianism | dual gods of equal power to form early monotheism; Persian; cosmic struggle over good and bad; those that do good go to heaven and bad go to hell; influenced Judaism and Christianity | 36 | |
| 217813541 | polytheism | Multiple gods | 37 | |
| 217813542 | Daoism | Chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature. | 38 | |
| 217813543 | Judeo-Christian tradition | body of concepts and values which are thought to be held in common by Christianity and Judaism, and typically considered a fundamental basis for Western legal codes and moral values. | 39 | |
| 217813544 | the Phoenicians and the alphabet | - this group created the alphabet in which many modern languages have evolved from - became one of the most widely used writing systems, spread by Phoenician merchants across the Mediterranean world, where it was assimilated by many other cultures and evolved | 40 | |
| 217813545 | Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131) | 41 | |
| 217813546 | Peloponnesian War | a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta | 42 | |
| 217813547 | Punic Wars | the three wars waged by Rome against Carthage, 264-241, 218-201, and 149-146 b.c., resulting in the destruction of Carthage and the annexation of its territory by Rome. | 43 | |
| 217813548 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization. (163) | 44 | |
| 217813549 | Qin, Han, Tang Dynasties | First three dynasties of China that we have recordings of. First of 'centralized' China. | 45 | |
| 217813550 | Bantu and their migrations | skilled farmers and herders who moved from West Africa to south and east in search of fertile land when Sahara started drying out; they spread knowledge of farming, ironworking knowledge, and language across African continent from 500 B.C. and A.D. 1500. | 46 | |
| 217813551 | Nubia | an ancient region in the Nile River Valley, on the site of present-day southern Egypt and northern Sudan | 47 | |
| 217813552 | Vedism | early Indian religion, heavy emphasis on the 4 Vedas, priests very important-performed complex rituals, sacrifice brought you closer to the gods | 48 | |
| 217813553 | Laozi | the "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Taoism (Daoism) | 49 | |
| 217813554 | Epic of Gilgamesh | The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from Ancient Mesopotamia and is among the earliest known works of literary fiction. | 50 | |
| 217813555 | Patriarchal Society | A society where the father is the head of the family. | 51 | |
| 217813556 | Royal Road | A road for the government use built by the ancient Persian ruler Darius which helped unite the empire | 52 | |
| 217813557 | Legalism | In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. (p.52) | 53 | |
| 217813558 | Filial Piety | in Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors | 54 | |
| 217813559 | Polis | Greek city state | 55 | |
| 217813560 | Diocletian | Roman emperor who was faced with military problems, when that happend he decided to divide the empire between himself in the east and maximian in the west. he did the last persecution of the Christians | 56 | |
| 217813561 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 57 | |
| 217813562 | Germanic migrations | Invaders that were nomadic and invaded Rome and the Byzantine Empire. | 58 | |
| 217813563 | The Lawbook of Manu | manual that dealt with the place of proper moral behavior and social relationships, as well as sexual and gender relationships and their place in Vedic Society; reflects the ideals of the time | 59 | |
| 217813564 | Sati | Hindu custom that called for a wife to join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral pyre | 60 | |
| 217813565 | The Upanishads | One of the Sacred Texts of Hinduism | 61 | |
| 217813566 | Oracle Bones | cattle bones or tortoise shells on which Chinese priests would write questions and then interpret answers from the cracks that formed when the bones were heated | 62 | |
| 217813567 | Ancestor Worship | worship of ancestors | 63 | |
| 217813568 | The Book of Songs | The earliest collection of Chinese poetry dating back to before the 7th Century BCE. | 64 | |
| 217813569 | Nomadic Society | Nobles and commoners; nobles were just charismatic leaders that didn't do much leading; only during times of war | 65 | |
| 217813570 | Persepolis | Capital of Persia | 66 | |
| 217813571 | Darius | Persian ruler who brought order to the Persian Empire. He also built roads; established a postal system; and standardized weights, measures, and coinage. | 67 | |
| 217813572 | Yellow Turban Uprising | A revolt against the land distribution policies of the Han dynasty (25-220 C.E.). | 68 | |
| 217813573 | The Bhagavad | A poetic work that illustrates both expectations that hinduism made of individuals and the promise of salvation. | 69 | |
| 217813574 | Hinduism | a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme beingof many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a | 70 | |
| 217813575 | Athenian Society | - Government constantly changing - Education highly valued; Homer's epics= most important work of literature and were learned by heart. - Boys practiced sports. -Literature, music, and gymnastics were taught. * Located on Balkan Peninsula, Southern Greece | 71 | |
| 217813576 | Spartan Society | - Strong military - Everyone educated in military - Very vicious - First paid military * Located in Peloponnesus - Women were treated equally | 72 | |
| 217813577 | Pax Romana | 200 year period of peace in Rome. | 73 | |
| 217813578 | Manichaeism | Heresy founded by Mani in 3rd century that involves the relationship of light and darkness, believing through rituals and sharing knowlegde people could regain the light stolen by Satan and hidden in the brains of men and freeing it to its origonal source | 74 | |
| 217813579 | Epidemic Diseases | A disease that spreads rapidly and extensively by infections and affecting many individuals at the same time. | 75 | |
| 217813580 | The Huns | source of raids on Rome; fierce warriors from Central Asia. First invaded southeastern Europe and then launched raids on nearby kingdoms | 76 | |
| 217813581 | St. Augustine | one of the most important figures in the development of Western Christianity | 77 |
