Terms : Hide Images
| 93166359 | Bedouin | Nomadic clans | 0 | |
| 93166360 | Shaykhs | councils of elder advisers; their dictates were enforced by bands of free warriors. | 1 | |
| 93166361 | Mecca | Most important city link in the transcontinental trading system; key town | 2 | |
| 93166362 | Medina | the city of the prophet Muhammad; 2 Bedouin and 3 Jewish clans dominated | 3 | |
| 93166363 | Umayyad | Clan of the Quraysh bedouin tribe that founded mecca | 4 | |
| 93166364 | Ka'ba | religious shrine; attracted pilgrims and customers for Mecca's bazaars; obligatory truce in the interclan feuds | 5 | |
| 93166365 | Quaran | the teachings and injunctions that formed the basis of islam that is written in arabic | 6 | |
| 93166366 | Umma | community of the faithful | 7 | |
| 93166367 | Zakat | a tax for charity | 8 | |
| 93166368 | Five Pillars | principles that must be accepted and followed by all believers | 9 | |
| 93166369 | Caliph | the political and religious successor to Muhammad | 10 | |
| 93166370 | Ali | one of the main candidates to be the caliph; the cousin and son-in-law of muhammad; passed over because of young age | 11 | |
| 93166371 | Abu Bakr | Muhammad's earliest follower and closest friend; chosen to be the caliph | 12 | |
| 93166372 | Ridda | wars that defeated the rival prophets and some of the larger clans | 13 | |
| 93166373 | Jihad | holy wars launched to forcibly spread muslim faith | 14 | |
| 93166374 | Uthman | third caliph who was murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; member of the Umayyad clan | 15 | |
| 93166375 | Siffin | Battle when Ali was close to defeating Umayyad forces, but he was won over by a plea for meditation; caused him to lose supporters | 16 | |
| 93166376 | Mu'awiya | the new leader of the Umayyads | 17 | |
| 93166377 | Sunnis | Supporters of the Umayyads | 18 | |
| 93166378 | Shi'ites | supporters of Ali | 19 | |
| 93166379 | Karbala | where Husayn, Ali's second son, and a small party were overwhelmed and killed; the shi'ites mounted resistance to the Umayyad caliph afterwards | 20 | |
| 93166380 | Mawali | Non-Arab Muslim converts | 21 | |
| 93166381 | Jizya | Head tax | 22 | |
| 93166382 | Dhimmis | people of the book | 23 | |
| 93166383 | Abbasids | traced decent from Muhammad's uncle; leader is Abu Al-Abbas; Shi'ites and Mawali were important allies | 24 | |
| 93166384 | Wazir | cheif admin and head of the caliph's inner councils; oversaw the building of an admin infrastructure that allowed the Abbasids to project their demands for tribute to the most distance provinces of the empire | 25 | |
| 93166385 | Ayan | A wealthy and deeply entrenched landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule | 26 |
