Week 4
atherosclerosis/arteriosclerosis
HTN
CHF
Acute Coronary Syndrome
MI
Terms : Hide Images
| 580268675 | Lymphatic Circuit | specialized system of channels and tissues; reabsorbs fluid that leads from vascular network into the interstitium and return it to the general circulation | |
| 580268676 | artery structure tunica intima | innermost layer of endothelial cells in direct contact with blood; smooth muscle helps blood flow | |
| 580268677 | tunica media | muscular layer of artery; smooth muscle, thickest section in arteries; helps pulse circulate blood | |
| 580268678 | tunica adventitial | tough outermost layer of collagenous connective tissue (thickest section in veins) | |
| 580268679 | atherosclerosis | results from formation of fatty lesions in the INTIMAL lining of large and medium sized arteries | |
| 580268680 | atherosclerosis in a nutshell | lipids get into the vasuclar endothelium WBC clear them away, making foam cells WBCs and vascular endothelium release growth factors that promote plaque formation plaques block the arteries | |
| 580268681 | lipoproteins | more protein = higher density more lipid =lower density | |
| 580268682 | dietary lipids absorbed as __________. | chylomicrons | |
| 580268683 | what do chylomicrons do? | enables fat and cholesterol to move within the water based solution of bloodstream | |
| 580268684 | HDLs | made in liver go out to the peripheral tissues and pick up lipid carry it back to the liver | |
| 580268685 | true aneurysm | involves all 3 layers of the artery wall i.e. atherosclerotic | |
| 580268686 | false aneurysm | a collection of blood leaking out of the lumen, but confined next to the vessel | |
| 580268687 | systolic pressure | reflects the amount of blood (SV) ejected with each heart beat and the compliance of the aorta and large arteries | |
| 580268688 | stroke volume | volume of blood pumped from 1 ventricle with each beat (usually L-ventricle) | |
| 580268689 | cardiac output | volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in 1 minute. | |
| 580268690 | diastolic pressure | reflects the closure of the aoritc valve, the energy stored in the elastic fibers of the large arteries, and the resistance t flow through arterioles into the capillaries --Left Ventricle Relaxing | |
| 580268691 | baroreceptors | located throughout the heart and they sense pressure changes in the arteries | |
| 580268692 | BP control involves... | 1. cardiovascular system 2. renal system | |
| 580268693 | PNS | lowers BP lowers HR vasodilation | |
| 580268694 | HTN | most common of all health problems in adults in the US and is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disorders | |
| 580268695 | stage 2 HTN | > or = 160 systolic > or = 100 diastolic | |
| 580268696 | Primary/Essential HTN | idiopathic disorder = the chronic elevation of BP occurs without evidence of other disease | |
| 580268697 | Primary HTN | 90-95% of hypertension | |
| 580268698 | physiologic mechanism of anti-hypertension drugs reducing BP... | reduce SV reduce systemic vascular resistance, decrease HR diuretics - lower vascular volume, HR, CO ACE inhibitors calcium channel blockers vasodilators | |
| 580268699 | Secondary HTN | attributed to a specific identifiable pathology or condition 5-10% of hypertensive cases | |
| 580268700 | coarctation of aorta | narrowing of the aorta, thus ejetion of a large stroke volume into a narrowed aorta increases systolic BP | |
| 580268701 | Heart Failure | the most common reason for hospitalization i those >65 years of age | |
| 580268702 | Myocardial ischemia is the most common cause of ______ _______. | heart failure | |
| 580268703 | HF results from... | impaired ability of myocardial fibers to contract, relax, or both | |
| 580268704 | R-sided heart failure | impairs ability to move deoxygenated blood from systemic to pulmonary circulation | |
| 580268705 | L-sided heart failure | impairs pumping of blood from the low pressure pulmonary to the high pressure arterial circulation | |
| 580268706 | Frank -Starling Curve | the heart increases stroke volume by increasing ventricular EDV, which increases myocardial fiber stretch to optimize actin and myosin overlap | |
| 580268707 | preload | stretching of ventricles or atria while filling of blood (just before contraction) | |
| 580268708 | Preload treatments | ACE inhibitors diureics | |
| 580268709 | Afterload treatments | beta adrenergic blocking agents contractility = digitalis drugs | |
| 580268710 | beta blockers | blocks affects of stress hormones, decreases HR | |
| 580268711 | pericardial disorders coronary heart disease myocardial diseases | disorders that usually appear to affect the whole heart | |
| 580268712 | exudate | fluid with high protein content and cellular debris from circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation | |
| 580268713 | Pericarditis | serous exudate cardiac tamponade fibrous scar tissue----constrictive pericarditis | |
| 580268714 | pericardial effusion | fluid in pericardial cavity | |
| 580268715 | Coronary heart disease can be divided into 2 types: | 1. chronic ischemic heart disease 2. acute coronary syndrome = represents the spectrum of ischemic coronary disease ranging from unstable angina through myocardial infarction | |
| 580268716 | chronic ischemic heart disease | = less blood = higher oxygen demand | |
| 580268717 | stable angina | pain when heart's oxygen demand increases | |
| 580268718 | variant angina | pain when coronary arteries spasm | |
| 580268719 | silent myocardial ischemia | myocardial ischemia without chest pain | |
| 580268720 | Acute Coronary Syndromes | ECG changes Serum cardiac markers (proteins released from necrotic heart cells) | |
| 580268721 | Acute Myocardial Infarction | chest pain sympathetic nervous system response hypotension and shock | |
| 580268722 | An Acute MI leaves behind... | an area of yellow necrosis, soft and sharply demarcated | |
| 580268723 | hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | ventricles are thick not a normal amount of room for blood inside them, lumen smaller | |
| 580268724 | restrictive cardiomyopathy | ventricles are too stiff to stretch and fill with blood | |
| 580268725 | dilated cardiomyopathy | heart becomes weakened and enlarged and cannot pump sufficient blood | |
| 580268726 | Valvular Disorders | disorders which usually appear to affect one side of the heart | |
| 580268727 | semilunar valves | aortic valve pulmonary valve | |
| 580268728 | stenosis | valves dont open all the way low pitch sound | |
| 580268729 | regurgitation | valves dont close all the way high pitch sound | |
| 580268730 | atrial septal defects | congenital heart defect present at birth allows blood flow between the atrias | |
| 580268731 | ventricular septal defects | allows blood flow between the ventricles | |
| 580268732 | endocardial cushion defects | no separation between the chambers of the heart | |
| 580268733 | patent ductus arteriosus | after birth defect | |
| 580268734 | ductus arteriosus | before birth defect connects aorta and pulmonary artery (remains open) | |
| 580268735 | transposition of the great vessels | 2 major vessels that carry blood away from the heart (aorta and pulmonary artery) are switched (transposed) | |
| 580268736 | shunt | an opening or connection that lets blood move from one side of the circulation to the other because the left side is stronger, blood is usually pushed from the left to the right side | |
| 580268737 | shunts are normal before birth | true | |
| 580268738 | Foramen ovale | lets blood go from the R atrium to the L atrium to bypass the lungs | |
| 580268739 | ductus venosus | lets blood go from the visceral veins to the vena cava, bypassing liver | |
| 580268740 | Right to Left shunt | deoxygenated blood goes to body | |
| 580268741 | Left to Right shunt | more blood goes to lungs, less blood goes to body | |
| 580268742 | If blood kept leaking through the mitral valve after it had closed, when would you hear the sound of the blood moving | after mitral valve closed after first heart sound (systole) | |
| 580268743 | During stenosis, the murmur occurs when the valve is open because blood is rushing through the narrowed opening. When would you hear a murmur of mitral stenosis? | during diastole mitral valve opens; fluid filling |
