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Weiten Psychology 7th ch 1 Flashcards

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389906375Applied psychologyThe branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems.0
389906376BehaviorAny overt (observable) response or activity by an organism.1
389906377BehaviorismA theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior.2
389906378Clinical psychologyThe branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.3
389906379CognitionThe mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge.4
389906380Critical thinkingThe use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desired outcome.5
389906381CultureThe widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations.6
389906382EmpiricismThe premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation.7
389906383EthnocentrismThe tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways.8
389906384Evolutionary psychologyTheoretical perspective that examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for a species over the course of many generations.9
389906385FunctionalismA school of psychology based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure.10
389906386HumanismA theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth.11
389906387IntrospectionCareful, systematic observation of one's own conscious experience.12
389906388Natural selectionPrinciple stating that heritable characteristics that provide a survival reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be "selected" over time.13
389906389Positive psychologyApproach to psyychology that uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence.14
389906390PsychiatryA branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.15
389906391Psychoanalytic theoryA theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior.16
389906392PsychologyThe science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems.17
389906393SQ3RA study system designed to promote effective reading by means of five steps: survey, question, read, recite, and review.18
389906394StructuralismA school of psychology based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and to investigate how these elements are related.19
389906395TestwisenessThe ability to use the characteristics and format of a cognitive test to maximize one's score.20
389906396TheoryA system of interrelated ideas that is used to explain a set of observations.21
389906397UnconsciousAccording to Freud, thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.22

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