History 1102 [CNM]
instructor: Eduardo Garcia
Exam 1: ID's
Terms : Hide Images
| 1025237642 | the renaissance | 13th century. "Rebirth"-- cultural (intellectual) movement. Spread throughout Europe from 1350-1550.Started in Italy. A period of Prosperity (farm production and trade), Recovery (no disease or famine), and Political Power (stability). | 0 | |
| 1025237643 | the prince | (1532: printed) The most influential books on political power in the western world during and after the renaissance. Written by Niccolo Machiavelli. | 1 | |
| 1025237644 | martin luther | [1483-1546 A German student that dropped out of law school to go study theology (1505). Becomes a professor (specialized in New Testament) and notices problems with information being taught and wanted to make it better.(1517) Starts the Protestant Reformation --proposes that salvation is possible through Gods promise/sacrifice. | 2 | |
| 1025237645 | predestination | A doctrine that all events have been willed by god. John Calvin-- a Protestant leader in France. He had interpreted biblical predestination to mean that God determined and willed eternal damnation for some people and salvation for others. No one knew if they were elected or rejected. "paradox of free will" | 3 | |
| 1025237646 | la reconquista | (711-1492) "reconquest". 711- Spain was conquered by the Moors (Muslims). A period of expansion of the Christian states of the peninsula, which lead through a series of wars. 1400's The marriage of Isabel of Castile and Fernando of Aragon brought economic advantages and alliances.Spain became the wealthiest and became the most important Nation. The Aragons #1 goal was to get rid of the Muslims. 1492- Spain finally defeated them! Spain used tricks to build their army. | 4 | |
| 1025237647 | the thirty years war | (1618-1648) The last of the religious wars! Protestants vs Catholics, started as a religious struggle, Catholic forces led by Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I (won for the first half), then Protestant King of Sweden Gustavus Adolphus (Gustavus II) won several battles against him. Fight of common interest, they wanted to see who would gain control over the Americas.Political motives, fought mostly on German soil. The most destructive of wars. Ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. | 5 | |
| 1025237648 | merchantilism | (1580-1640) 1600's. No real time period. A set of principles that dominate economic thoughts. Based on a theory that a nation prosperity depends on how positive trade (amount of gold and silver). A finite amount. To export more good then import goods. This was the Drive of European Power. | 6 | |
| 1025237649 | the columbian exchange | (1492) Following the voyage to the Americas by Christopher Columbus. There were pros and cons to this exchange. Pros: New Livestock, plants, language and ideas. Cons: disease, deforestation, slavery, slaughter, distruction of Native culture, extinction of animals. Was part of Globalization process and had the largest implications of exchange in history! | 7 | |
| 1025237650 | mestizaje | Spanish word- "Interracial mixing". Became a interracial mixing pot in the Americas.Social Status was attached to Racial Status. Determined by color of skin. Competition to be the "whiter" or "true white" race. | 8 | |
| 1025237651 | civilization vs savagery | Superior vs Uncivilized. Each European Nation were convinced that they were the true white race. The task at hand was owning land and dominating groups of people to do the work. A fight (competition) to see who controlled the Americas! A live was then drawn to divide between the civilized and savages. Europeans justified hurting and enslaving Indians based on their language, religions, dressed, homes, use of land, cultural aspects, and lack of law. | 9 | |
| 1025237652 | the middle passage | "Triangle Trade". Commercial Trade between Europe, Africa and America. African captives were transported across the Atlantic on ships. For a period of 6-8 weeks. | 10 | |
| 1025237653 | the stono rebellion | (1739)"Cato's Rebellion". a slave rebellion in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies prior to the American Revolution. Jemmy (referred to in some reports as "Cato") a literate slave who led a dozen or so other armed slaves to march South along the Stono River. They recruited nearly 60-100 other slaves and destroyed 7 Plantations before being intercepted by the South Carolina militia .The rebellion was largely suppressed. Most of the captured slaves were executed; a few survived to be sold to the West Indies.In response to the rebellion, the South Carolina legislature passed the Negro Act of 1740 restricting slave assembly, education, and movement. It also enacted a 10-year moratorium against importing African slaves, and established penalties against slaveholders' harsh treatment of slaves. It required legislative approval for manumissions, which slaveholders had previously been able to arrange privately. | 11 | |
| 1025237654 | the battle of plassey | (1757). A victory of the British East Indian Trading Company over the French. Robert Clive was commander who had a clash against the Indians. This caused great consequences for the Indian People. Although the battle only last a few hours. The British won by bribes, that in the end were not kept. With an army,forcing to dominate Indian Trade. Extending Mercantilism. | 12 | |
| 1025237655 | Galileo Galilei | (1564-1642) An Italian Mathematician (1st to use the telescope). Started a New Age in Astronomy. After creating his own telescope found mountains on the moon, 4 moons around Jupiter and sunspots. Believe the Sun was the center of the universe and immovable and that the earth is not the center of the same. | 13 | |
| 1025237656 | Mary Wollstonecraft | (1759-1797) A British Writer, Philosopher and Advocate of Women's Rights! 1792- published "A Vindication of the Rights of Women." She argued that women are not naturally inferior to men, they only appear to be because they aren't educated. She suggested that both men and women be treated fairly. Argued forcefully for equal rights among all human beings! | 14 | |
| 1025237657 | the enlightened rulers | (1733-1792)"Age of Reason". A cultural movement of intellectuals. Its purpose was to reform society using reason, challenge ideas grounded in tradition and faith, and advance knowledge through the scientific method. Enlightenment Rulers" 1. allow for religious toleration 2. freedom of speech 3. freedom of the press 4. protect private property 5. must support art, science, and education 6. must obey laws and enforce them fairly to each subject. (included William I, Thomas Hobbs, Levia Than, John Locke, Adam Smith, Fredrick II, Mary Wollstonecraft) | 15 | |
| 1025237658 | the seven years war | (1756-1763) "French-Indian War". Resulted from Overlapping interest in their colonial and trade empires. European Nations that wanted to grow their territories and expand trade. Affected Europe, N. America, Central America, West African coast, India and the Philippines. Ended with the Treaties of Paris. | 16 | |
| 1025237659 | the declaration of independence | (July 4th, 1776)A statement adopted by the Continental Congress. A summary of the most important documents of the enlightenment. Announcing that the 13 colonies regarded themselves as independent states. The document justified the independence of the United States. Its main authors was Thomas Jefferson, edited by Benjamin Franklin and John Adams | 17 | |
| 1025237660 | the american revolution | (1776-1783). Where the 13 colonies in North America joined together to break free of the British Empire.The British sent invasion armies and used their powerful navy to blockade the coast. George Washington became the American commander, working with Congress and the states to raise armies and neutralize the influence of Loyalists. The States won with the intervention of Spain and the French. War lasted about 7+ years. | 18 | |
| 1025237661 | the haition revolution | (1791-1804). A slave revolt-- and the only one that led to the founding of a state. It is considered the most successful slave rebellion ever to have occurred and as a defining moment in both European and American histories. Slaves armed themselves and revolted for indulgences from the French. Toussaint Louverture was the leader but was captured. | 19 | |
| 1025237662 | the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo | (1814-1848). A "peace treaty" between the U.S. and Mexico that ended the Mexican-American War! $15 million was given to Mexico in exchange that the U.S. was given the Rio Grade boundary for Texas, ownership over CA, NM, AZ, Nevada, Utah, parts of WWyoming and Colorade | 20 | |
| 1025237663 | the bourgeois | 1900's. New group(class) of people. Created by the Industrial Revolution! Included people who owned shops, farms, business, and were investors. Described with people with ambition and wanted nothing to do with the working class. People that have wealth and or property. Had economic or political power. Dressed in luxury. Promotes individualism. | 21 | |
| 1025237664 | Karl Marx | (1818-1883). German philosopher. Developed ideology and brought major change to the working class. Influenced "real change". 1840's- Was the Main writer of Communist Manifesto and was one of the main leading cause for the Great Railroad Strike. He appalled factory conditions. Many laws were passed that helped the working class. | 22 | |
| 1025237665 | the great railroad strike | (1877). "Great Uprising" Labor unions who had read the book written by Karl Marx, were taking 10% wages of the workers and giving it to rich distributors. The workers went on strike, this ended in the deaths of over one hundred people. President Hayes called in federal troops to suppress the unruly laborers. Other railroad companies jumped in, in support of the others. This stopped all transportation in the US. It affected everyone from the big business owner to the mall business owner. | 23 | |
| 1025237666 | the haymarket massacre | (May 4th, 1886). In Chicago, Illinois, there was a rally going on for the AFL(American Federation of Labor) who were marching for 8 hour work days. Police cam and killed 4 people. The AFL people go out again the next day marching for 8 hour work days and to stop police brutality. Police show up and start harassing again. A bomb was thrown into the crowd, the police freak out firing into the crowd. Injuring over 100 people and killing 4. 7 people that were watching and had nothing to do about it, were thrown in jail and considered responsible, guilty and sentenced to death. 1 suicide, killed 4, and reduced the sentence for the remaining 2. | 24 | |
| 1025237667 | progressivism | (1914- beginning of WWI) An important political movement based on the idea of progress. To keep moving in a positive direction. Outlook to change and improve society (human condition). Tied to the enlightenment in Europe out of the belief that they could strengthen empirical knowledge. | 25 | |
| 1025237668 | social darwinism | The concept of "survival of the fittest". Different views about which groups are strong and which are weak (promote strength and punish weakness). Natural Selection. | 26 | |
| 1025237669 | phrenology | (Influential in the 19th century) A pseudoscience primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules. Determining intelligence, character, behavior, personality, | 27 | |
| 1025514916 | The Renaissance | The time that came after the Bubonic Plague that killed 60% of the European population. The people moved away from religion and began to believe in individual ability (human capability)--> Humanism. Focused on classical Greek & Roman ideas. A re-emurgance of the arts (literature, music, architecture, sculptures and paintings). Rise of the Merchant class. Included: Michelangelo, DonAtello, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Jan Van Eyck, Botticelli, and Jacop Tintoretto. | 28 | |
| 1025530670 | The Prince | Was concerned with how to acquire and keep power over people. Argued that rulers must be self centered and should not be restricted by moral principles. they must be abandoned for the good of the people. Many people followed its word, even though it might have been hurting people. Start of Political philosophy. | 29 | |
| 1025560148 | Martin Luther | (1517) Nails 95 Thesis to the Catholic Church & how to improve it. Pope Leo X ignores warnings. Accused of being the anit-christ and persecuted. (1521) Translates the New Testament from Latin to German. So people could develop a personal relationship with God. Thousands of copies are made & spread out! Thanks to the printing press! Lead to a series of Wars | 30 | |
| 1026021467 | Merchantilism | Introduced to Russia by Peter I "the Great".After traveling to the west was determined to evolve Russia. Brought New customs: no beards, shorted coats, no segregation of sexes, and marriage at own will. Golden Age! For literature, theater (Spain and England). Age of Christopher Columbus and William Shakespear. | 31 | |
| 1026021468 | The Columbian Exchange | (1492) A widespread exchange of animals. plants, culture, minerals, ideas, human population (slaves), disease and technology between Europeans and Americans. Which became a global process. 90% if Native Americans disappeared. | 32 | |
| 1026021469 | Mestizaje | Brought by the idea of race! Origin of where you (ancestors or born) came from, language, culture, religion, dressed, behavior, color of skin! Used paintings to categorize people. Opportunities came from racial standpoints. The whiter you were equaled the higher in social status you were. | 33 | |
| 1026079104 | The Middle Passag | Slaves suffered brutal, nasty conditions. All shackled together and shoved into tiny rooms and only fed once a day. Shackles cause open wounds. Unfit conditions for any human. Everyone used the bathroom, or had menstrual cycles where they sat. They were beaten and raped, and fed just enough to make it to America. Then it was someone else's problem. Some tried to commit suicide by starvation or throwing themselves overboard! Sharks even changed their feeding patterns. | 34 | |
| 1026278972 | Galileo Galilei | Romans wanted him to denounce his views or be tortured. After denouncing his views was sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life! Johannes Kepler told Galileo to open up to the public with his beliefs and findings. 1610- Published his findings. 1632- Submitted his book to the official church censors and published his dialogue on "The Two Chief System of the World." | 35 |
