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| 294805615 | Columbian Exchange | transfer of peoples, animals, plants, and diseases, between the New and Old Worlds. | 0 | |
| 294805616 | Old World/ New world | the known world before Columbus's voyage/ the Americas | 1 | |
| 294805617 | Smallpox | arrived in the Caribbean in 1518 was the most deadly of the early epidemics. Killed over 50% of native population | 2 | |
| 294805618 | Antonio de Mendoza | first visceroy of Mexico, advised the Spanish emperor to introduce more non-indigenous animals to the New World because it causes environmental problems | 3 | |
| 294805619 | Apache, Sioux, Blackfoot, Comanche, Assiniboine | were aided by the horse, revolutionized hunting and combat. They could hunt buffalo more efficiently in North America. | 4 | |
| 294805620 | Mapuche and Pampas peoples | also revolutionized by the horse, but they resided in South America | 5 | |
| 294805621 | Rio de la Plata | vast plains that lay in Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay | 6 | |
| 294805622 | Vertical hierarchy of estates | uniformly Catholic, and as an arrangement of patriarchal extended- family networks; classes of society; the way Portugal and Spain viewed society | 7 | |
| 294805623 | Viceroyalty of New Spain/ Mexico City | capital in Mexico City, included Mexico and the southwest of what is now the United States, Central America, and the islands of the Caribbean. | 8 | |
| 294805624 | Viceroyalty of Peru/ Lima | its capital at Lima, was formed in the 1540s to govern Spanish South America. | 9 | |
| 294805625 | Governor- general | appointed by the Portuguese king in 1549 because brazil was getting out of hand | 10 | |
| 294805626 | Brazil/ Salvador | large land mass in South America, did not have any apparent natural resources so the Portuguese king was reluctant in colonizing it. Salvador is its capital located in the Bahia region. | 11 | |
| 294805627 | St. Martin de Porres | He is the patron saint of mixed-race people and all those seeking interracial harmony. Illegitimate son of a Spanish nobleman and his black servant. Eventually recognized by his father, he entered the Dominican Order in Lima, Peru. | 12 | |
| 294805628 | Bartolome de las Casas | most influential defended of the Amerindians in the early colonial period. Acheived the enactment of the New Laws. | 13 | |
| 294805629 | Dominican Order | Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III on 22 December 1216 in France. Membership in the Order includes friars, nuns, congregations of active sisters, and lay persons affiliated with the order. | 14 | |
| 294805630 | Chiapas | city in south mexico. the city las Casas became the first bishop of | 15 | |
| 294805631 | New Laws of 1542 | reform legislation that outlawed the enslavement of Amerindians and limited other forms of forced labor. | 16 | |
| 294805632 | Potosi | present day Bolivia, had a really big silver deposit | 17 | |
| 294805633 | Alto Peru | Upper Peru was in the region of Viceroyalty of Peru | 18 | |
| 294805634 | Encomienda | Amerindian peoples were dividedamont the settlers and were forced to provide them with labor of with textiles, food, or other goods. This form of forced labor was encomienda. | 19 | |
| 294805635 | Mita | 1/7 of adult male Amerindians were compelled to work for six months each year in mines, or on farms and in textile factories. | 20 | |
| 294805636 | Hidalgos | lesser nobles | 21 | |
| 294805637 | Creoles | whites born in America to European parents | 22 | |
| 294805638 | Castas | hereditary social and political classes of different racial blends | 23 | |
| 294805639 | Juan Valiente | slave that escaped his Mexican master, participated in Francisco Pizarro's conquest of the Inca Empire and later became one of the most prominenet early settlers of Chile. | 24 | |
| 294805640 | "coyote" | one of the most popular mythlore among the Native American. Coyote is a ubiquitous being and can be categorized in many type, appearing as the Creator himself, but may at the same time be the messenger, the culture hero, the trickster, the fool. | 25 | |
| 294805641 | Quilombos | Brazil communities of runaways. | 26 | |
| 294805642 | Palenques | Communities of runaways in Spanish colonies | 27 | |
| 294805643 | Palmares | the largest quilombo, where thousands of slaves defended themselves against Brazilian authorities for 60 years until they were finally overrun 1694. | 28 | |
| 294805644 | Manumission | the granting of freedom to individual slaves. | 29 | |
| 294805645 | Mestizos | the offspring of Amerindians and Europeans or Creole fathers. They came to occupy a middle position in colonial society, dominating trade and agriculture. | 30 | |
| 294805646 | Mulattoes | individuals of mixed European and African descent, had the same class as mestizos. | 31 | |
| 294805647 | Virginia Company | in 1642, the English crown dissolved the Virginia company because of mismanagement. This was formed by London investors who took up the challenge of colonizing Virginia. | 32 | |
| 294805648 | Jamestown | an island 30 miles up the James River, in a swampy, isolated area. Nearly 80% of the settlers in the first 15 years died from disease. | 33 | |
| 294805649 | Chesapeake Bay | a lot of plantations and farms were developed here. | 34 | |
| 294805650 | Indentured servitude | people worked under a master who paid for his/her passage to the New World. The people signed contracts of labor that was issued for the journey given to them from the master. These servants accounted for nearly 80% of all colonists of the Virginia and Maryland colonies. | 35 | |
| 294805651 | Indenture | the agreement between the master and the person coming from the Old World that states that the person must work for the master for a set number of years. | 36 | |
| 294805652 | House of Burgesses | elected assembly formed in 1618 in Virginia | 37 | |
| 294805653 | Carolinas | prospered from the trades of fur. These were new colonies in the South. Indigenous people were brought into these colonies, but were weakened by the epidemics. | 38 | |
| 294805654 | Charleston | developed an economy based on plantations and slavery in imitation of the colonies of Brazil and the Caribbean. | 39 | |
| 294805655 | Indigo | many indigo plantations were present in Charleston, famous blue dye. | 40 | |
| 294805656 | Gullah | a dialect with African and English roots spoken by the slaves that created a majority in South Carolina | 41 | |
| 294805657 | Stono Rebellion of 1739 | South Carolina's largest slave uprising made up of mostly African Catholics who sought south to Spanish Florida | 42 | |
| 294805658 | Protestant dissenters | Consists of Pilgrims and Puritans; colonized New England | 43 | |
| 294805659 | Pilgrims | first came to New England; wished to break completely with the Church of England; catholic | 44 | |
| 294805660 | Colony of Plymouth | located in present-day Massachusetts as a result to pursue their spiritual ends in a new land | 45 | |
| 294805661 | Massachusetts Bay Colony/Boston | Belonged to the Puritans; Plymouth was absorbed into this | 46 | |
| 294805662 | Puritans | wished to purify the Church of England, not break with it; want to abolish its hierarchy of bishops and bishops, free it from governmental interference, and limit membership to people who shared their beliefs | 47 | |
| 294805663 | Monopoly | companies or individuals given exclusive economic privileges | 48 | |
| 294805664 | Dutch West India Company | established the colony of New Netherland and located its capital on Manhattan Island | 49 | |
| 294805665 | New Netherland/New York Colony | colony established by the Dutch West INdia Company | 50 | |
| 294805666 | Manhattan Island | location of the capital of the colony of New Netherland | 51 | |
| 294805667 | Hudson River | resource that allowed the New Netherland colony to gain profit | 52 | |
| 294805668 | Iroquois Confederacy | alliance among the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and other native people that worked with the Dutch merchants to allow them to have access to the rich fur trade of Canada | 53 | |
| 294805669 | Quakers | a persecuted religious minority; refuge in Pennsylvania | 54 | |
| 294805670 | William Penn | secured an enormous grant of territory because the English king was indebted to Penn's father; founded Pennsylvania | 55 | |
| 294805671 | Proprietor | owner; usually used when talking about the owner of land | 56 | |
| 294805672 | Freemen | free men; not a slave nor serf | 57 | |
| 294805673 | Philadelphia | capital of Pennsylvania; largest city in the British colonies | 58 | |
| 294805674 | Jacques Cartier | navigator and promotor that stirred France's interest in North America; explored Newfoundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence | 59 | |
| 294805675 | Gulf of St. Lawrence/St. Lawrence River | one of the three locations that Jacques Cartier explored | 60 | |
| 294805676 | Samuel de Champlain | founded the colony of New France at Quebec | 61 | |
| 294805677 | New France | colony founded by Samuel de Champlain located at Quebec on the banks of the St. Lawrence River | 62 | |
| 294805678 | Quebec | location in which the colony of New France is located | 63 | |
| 294805679 | Huron and Algonquin people | traditional enemies of the powerful Iroquois Confederacy who Champlain allied with | 64 | |
| 294805680 | Coureurs de bois | runners of the woods; young Frenchmen who were sent to live among natives to master their language and customs | 65 | |
| 294805681 | Metis | people of mixed French and Amerindian descent who helped to direct the fur trade | 66 | |
| 294805682 | Louisiana | founded as a result of the French expanding to the west and south; depended on fur trade | 67 | |
| 294805683 | French and Indian War/Seven Years War 1756-1763 | proved to be the final contest for North American empire; series of war fought by the French and Indians vs. the English for land | 68 | |
| 294805684 | Charles II | Spanish king that died without an heir in 1700 causing 13 years of conflict | 69 | |
| 294805685 | Philip of Bourbon (Philip V) | gained the Spanish throne after 13 years of conflict; recognized colonial administration and tax collection; naval vessels abolished; colonial ports were permitted to trade with Spain, international trade expanded; strengthened navy | 70 | |
| 294805686 | Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui | Peruvian Amerindian leader who initiated a rebellion and took the name of his Inca ancestor (Tupac Amaru II) | 71 | |
| 294805687 | Tupac Amaru II | was well connected in Spanish colonial society and was involved in trade with the silver mines. Started a rebellion of Amerindians against the Spanish rule. | 72 | |
| 294805688 | "sons of the soil" | one side of the open warfare that took place as a result of the intrusive colonial government | 73 | |
| 294805689 | "outsiders" | one side of the open warfare that took place as a result of the intrusive colonial government | 74 | |
| 294805690 | Sao Paolo | location of the open warfare between the "outsiders" and the "sons of the soil" | 75 | |
| 294805691 | (ministry of the) Marquis de Pombal | the most aggressive period of reform occurred during this | 76 | |
| 294805692 | Navigation Acts | sought to severely limit colonial trading and colonial production that competed with English manufacturers | 77 | |
| 294805693 | Treaty of Tordesillas | divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands | 78 | |
| 294805694 | Treaty of Paris | ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years War | 79 | |
| 294805695 | Sor Ines de la Cruz | first great Latin American poet and one of the most important Hispanic literary figures | 80 |
