The Foundations of Christian society in Western Europe
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| 251123878 | Charlemagne | ruled the Western European empire; was not friendly to Islam | 0 | |
| 251123879 | Battle of Tours | his grandfather, Charles Martel, had defeated a Muslim army that ventured into Frankish territory after Muslim forced had conquered most of the Iberian Peninsula | 1 | |
| 251123880 | Odoacer | the Germanic general; deposed the last of the western Roman emperors, but the adminnistrative apparatus of the Roman empire did not immediately disappear | 2 | |
| 251123881 | The Franks | profoundly influenced the political, social, and cultural development of western Europe; rapid rise had to do with religion | 3 | |
| 251123882 | Clovis | a strong military and political leader; the Franks became the preeminent military and political power under him in Western Europe | 4 | |
| 251123883 | Carolingians | after Clovis's death the Frankish kings lost much of their authority, as aristocratic warriors seized effective control of affairs in their own regions; this established Clovis's sucsessors' empire thing?; founder Charles | 5 | |
| 251123884 | Battle of Tours | he turned back a Muslim army that had ventured from Spain-- recently conquered by Muslim warriors from North Africa--in order to reconnoiter lands north of the Pyrenees mountains | 6 | |
| 251123885 | Charles Martel | "Charles the Hammer" founder of the Carolingians; led the battle of tours; served as a deputy to the Franks; Charles's son claimed the throne for himself | 7 | |
| 251123886 | Charlemagne | Charles martel's grandson; Charles the Great; like King harsha; extremely intelligent though not literate; was not rich, so he had counts and missi dominici | 8 | |
| 251123887 | Counts | held political, military, and legal authority in local jurisdictions; often had their own political ambitions, and they sometimes pursued policies contrary to the interest of the central government | 9 | |
| 251123888 | Missi Dominici | 'envoys of the lord ruler" made to keep the counts in check | 10 | |
| 251123889 | Louis the Pious | Charlemagne's only surviving son, kept the empire together; but then he died and it was all downhill from there; his sons were like everyone else | 11 | |
| 251123890 | Norse Mariners/ Norse Expansion | viking invasions represented on dimension of a larger process of Norse expansion because they needed more land; norse mariners just had really good ships | 12 | |
| 251123891 | Viking | were fierce and sailed really great ships that got them far | 13 | |
| 251123892 | England and their ways of defending | they united their kingdom with he help of King Alfred | 14 | |
| 251123893 | Germany | just had a really good army; King Otto | 15 | |
| 251123894 | Serfs | individuals neither fully slave nor fully free | 16 | |
| 251123895 | manor | a large estate consisting of fields, meadows, forests, agricultural tools, domestic animals, and sometimes lakes or rivers, as well as serfs bound to the land | 17 | |
| 251123896 | Low Countries | the lowland region of western Europe on the North Sea: Belgium and Luxembourg and the Netherlands | 18 |
