This is Ariana's quizlet just without all the extra info!
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| 243573778 | Dictator for life | The title Julius Caesar claimed for himself | 0 | |
| 243573779 | slavery | relied heavily on ___ in the roman empire to complete large scale public projects and run the latifundia | 1 | |
| 243573780 | Julius Caesar | Seized Rome in 49 B.C.E. Had social reforms and CENTRALIZED control, imperial and centralized political and military government .Assassinated in 44 B.C.E | 2 | |
| 243573781 | 1/3 | slaves made up this much of the Roman population | 3 | |
| 243573782 | generous, exempting them from taxes and allowed them to govern their own affairs. | How did the Romans treat people they captured? | 4 | |
| 243573783 | patricians | after etruscan rule.Dominated the consuls, that had military and political power. The Senate advised the consuls and represented the wealthy class also. This caused tension between the wealthy class and the plebeians. | 5 | |
| 243573784 | Etruscans | deeply influenced early development of Rome. Their society was ruled by kings. They took over italy, built fab cities, had nice bronze/iron, traded with the Mediterranean. THEN their ships were over taken by fleets, & their cities were attacked by Gauls | 6 | |
| 243573785 | plebeians | common people common people that don't have representation in the government. | 7 | |
| 243573786 | dictator | during times of crisis, one man held all power for 6 months | 8 | |
| 243573787 | Carthage | city-state in northern Africa that clashed with Rome over Sicily | 9 | |
| 243573788 | punic wars | 3 major battles with Carthage between 264 and 146 BCE; eventually, Rome smashed Carthage and annexed it and all of its lands to gain oil, grain, wine, etc | 10 | |
| 243573789 | Gaius Marius | Roman general. recruited homeless peasants, they were intensely loyal because they had nothing to fall back on. He was a Gracchi sympathizer, he had his army protect the rights of peasants | 11 | |
| 243573790 | Julius Caesar | sponsored gladiatorial fights and other forms of entertainment to gain support. Marched on Gaul & annexed it. | 12 | |
| 243573791 | Pax Romana | long era of peace during Augustus' reign extending for 2 centuries | 13 | |
| 243573792 | Augustus Caesar | nephew of Julius. His real name was Octavian. His rule was a monarcy disguised as a republic. Reorganized military system, stablilized land racked by civil war, enabled institutions of empire to take root. | 14 | |
| 243573793 | twelve tables | basic law code for citizens of the early republic, Roman law, tradition. | 15 | |
| 243573794 | pater familias | oldest man = head of family. Rights included arranged marriages for his children, determined the work or duties they would perform, punish them for offenses as he saw fit, sell them into slavery, and execute them. Talk about patriarichal society..... | 16 | |
| 243573795 | Spartacus | escaped slave that assembled an army of 70,000 rebellious slaves, during the most serious uprising. & the Romans sent 8 legions(40,000) to quell the revolt | 17 | |
| 243573796 | Stoicism | sought to identify a set of universal moral standards based on nature and reason that would transcend local ethical codes. appealed to Roman intellectuals. dem smarties. Cicero was a writer of it | 18 | |
| 243573797 | christianity | started off as small persecuted Jewish sect, but within 3 centuries, but it became the official religion of the Roman Empire and the predominate faith in the Mediterranean Basin | 19 | |
| 243573798 | paul of Tarsus | was a principle figure in the spread of Christianity. The Roman Empire, again, found this a threat and persecuted the Christians, but their numbers grew rapidly regardless. | 20 | |
| 243573799 | jewish revolt | Some imperial governments required their citizens to worship emperors like gods, which the Jews considered blasphemous, and refused | 21 | |
| 243573800 | Essenes | observed a strict moral code and participated in rituals that promoted a sense of community | 22 | |
| 243573801 | Jesus of Nazareth | charismatic Jewish teacher that Christians recognized as their savior. spoke of "kingdom of God is at hand,"& Roman government interpreted as a threatening empire that would rival their own. Was later called Christ, or "the anointed one". | 23 | |
| 243573802 | influence cultural development. Strong appeal to lower classes, urban population, and women. | role of religion in roman empire | 24 | |
| 243573803 | roman roads | "highways" for religious spread | 25 | |
| 243573804 | plebeians | threatened rebellion, so the patricians granted them elected officials, known as Tribunes | 26 | |
| 243573805 | Gaius Marius | eventually took over Rome. & executed his enemies. When he died, Lucius Sulla took his place and set a bounty on people's heads | 27 | |
| 243573806 | latifundia | enormous plantations owned by wealthy land owners | 28 | |
| 243573807 | Julius Caesar | assassinated by OSTRICHSIZED elites that were trying to restore the aristocratic supremacy, but the government stayed strong | 29 | |
| 243573808 | centralized imperial, republican constitution | Julius Caesar replaced the ______ _______ rule that Rome had fallen into with _______ _______ with a centralized imperial form of government (fill in the blanks) (2 answers) | 30 | |
| 243573809 | Zhang Qian | sent by Han Wudi, to find allies to fight against them Xiongnu. Then he was held by Xiongnu for years. He later escaped & told Han Wudi of possibility of establishing trade relations to Bactria | 31 | |
| 243573810 | Chang'an | Han Capital | 32 | |
| 243573811 | Chang'an | city that the main silk road went through | 33 | |
| 243573812 | silk road | merchants and travelers created an extensive network of trade routes that linked much of Eurasia and north Africa. Had land routes and sea lanes. | 34 | |
| 243573813 | manichaeans | Followers of the religion about good & evil/ light & dark. This was a combonation of Christianity, Buddhism, and Zorastianism | 35 | |
| 243573814 | Taklamakan Desert | also known as the Tarim Basin. One of the most dangerous and inhospitable regions on the earth. Its very name, warns that "he who enters does not come back out" | 36 | |
| 243573815 | silk | came mostly from China, where cultivators and weavers had developed techniques for producing it. . It was totes valued in the west | 37 | |
| 243573816 | sericulture | Silk farming. The Chinese were pro at this | 38 | |
| 243573817 | sinicization | adapted to the Chinese environment. They took up agriculture and built permanent settlements. Married Chinese ppl took Chinese names, adopted customs of China | 39 | |
| 243573818 | Tetarchs | four co-rulers of the Roman empire that were able to administer the vast empire more effectively than an individual emperor could. | 40 | |
| 243573819 | barracks emperors | generals who seized power, held it briefly and then suddlenly lost it when they were displaced by rivals or their own mutinous troops. Most of them died violently | 41 | |
| 243573820 | Attila the Hun | warrior-king of the Huns & organized the huns into a unstoppable military juggernaut | 42 | |
| 243573821 | Attila the Hun | invaded Hungary, probed Roman frontiers, placed such pressure on Visigoths, and other Germanic peoples that they invaded/streamed into Roman empire | 43 | |
| 243573822 | Council of Nicaea | took up the contentious issue of Jesus' nature and decided against the Nestorians and others that he simultaneously possessed both human & divine natures. | 44 | |
| 243573823 | oasis towns along the silk road, steppe lands, then foreign merchants | How was buddhism spread along the silk road? | 45 | |
| 243573824 | Indian influence on SE Asia | Rulers built temples in the Indian style. Rulers called themselves RAJAS "kings". Rulers adopted Indian Sanskrit as their written language. Rulers appointed Buddhist or Hindu advisors in their governments | 46 | |
| 243573825 | daoism and buddhism | these religions became more popular when Han fell apart | 47 | |
| 243573826 | impact of the fall of the han empire | the traditions carried on. It was broken up into 3 kingdoms and nomadic invaders came, but they were into sinicization | 48 | |
| 243573827 | odovacer | Germanic general who deposed of Romulus Augustulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the western half of the empire | 49 | |
| 243573828 | Constatine | ruler that defeated most of his enemies, ordered construction of new capital city: Constantinople. With his Edict of Milan, he made Christianity a religion. He reunited eastern and western districts | 50 | |
| 243573829 | at the top- bishop of Rome and patriarchs of Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, and Constantinople Then bishops | structure of early catholic church | 51 | |
| 243573830 | byazantine empire | eastern half of what used to be Roman Empire. Was a political & economic powerhouse of the postclassical era. Influenced the development of the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe and Russia | 52 | |
| 243573831 | sassanid empire | Principal foreign threat to Byzantine empire. They were a Persian dynasty, who wanted to rebuild the Achaemenid Empire of classical Persia. | 53 | |
| 243573832 | caesaropapism | Emperor with aura of divinity". Byzantine emperors claimed divine favor and sanction. The emperor not only ruled as secular lord, but also played an active and prominent role in ecclesiastical affairs. They became absolute rulers | 54 | |
| 243573833 | hagia sophia | rebuilt during the reign of Justinian. It's one of the world's most important examples of Christian architecture. has an enormous dome | 55 | |
| 243573834 | corpus luris civilis | Codified Roman law, The Body of the Civil Law. Won recognition as the definitive codification of Roman law. This is the main thing that Jusinian accomplished | 56 | |
| 243573835 | charlemagne | Frankish ruler, who in 800, received imperial crown from the pope in Rome, thereby directly challenging Byzantine claims to imperial authority over western lands. | 57 | |
| 243573836 | theme system | Under this system free peasants received allotments of land in exchange for military service. It strengthened the class of free peasants. It enabled Byzantine forces to mobilize quickly and resist further Islamic advances | 58 | |
| 243573837 | bezant | Byzantine gold coin. It was the standard currency of Mediterranean basin for more than half a millennium | 59 | |
| 243573838 | arian heresy | The Arians were all "Jesus had been a mortal human and that he was a creation of God, he's not a divine being coeternal w/ God." & this was declared heresy by Council of Nicaea. | 60 | |
| 243573839 | Emperor Leo III | He was convinced that the veneration of religious images was sinful, tantamount to the worship of physical idols | 61 | |
| 243573840 | fourth crusade | Venetian merchants diverted it from its original mission in eastern Mediterranean to Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire never completely recovered from the destruction from this | 62 | |
| 243573841 | ottoman turks | captured Constantinople in 1453. They were the people who finally brought down the byzantine empire. They renamed Constantinople to "Istanbul". | 63 | |
| 243573842 | third rome | what Moscow claimed to be | 64 | |
| 243573843 | kiev | large state, organized by Russians. It served as a conduit for spread of Byzantine culture and religion. Princes here established caesaropapist control over the Russian Orthodox Church. Strategically situated on the Dnieper River along made trade route linking Scandinavia & Byzantium, Dominated land from the Volga to the Dnieper | 65 | |
| 243573844 | sanits methodius and cyril | most famous of the missionaries sent to the Slavs to convert them to Orthodox Christianity. devised the Cyrillic alphabet. all this happened in the 9th century | 66 | |
| 243573845 | Caesaropapist emperors, powerful patriarchs, and other high church officials | political structure of the byzantine empire | 67 | |
| 243573846 | 1054 | important in church history, because this was when the Byzantine patriarch and the pope of Rome mutually excommunicated each other | 68 | |
| 243573847 | Cyrillic writing, literacy, & Orthodox missions | major areas in which the byzantine empire influenced the slavs | 69 | |
| 243573848 | manzikert | Saljuq Turks had a huge victory on the Byzantine army in 1071 | 70 | |
| 243573849 | belisarius | Justinians fave general and he used him to take down some protestors in the Hippodrome | 71 | |
| 243573850 | unnecessary complexity and convolution | the word byzantine suggests: | 72 | |
| 243573851 | 527-565 CE | Justinian was Emperor with his stripper wife, Theadora | 73 | |
| 243573852 | 647-678 CE | Constantinople under siege by Islamic forces; used Greek Fire | 74 | |
| 243573853 | 726-843 CE | Iconoclastic controversy | 75 | |
| 243573854 | Early 11th century | Byzantine were up against the Normans | 76 | |
| 243573855 | early 12th century | the Muslim Saljuqs had seized much of Anatolia | 77 | |
| 243573856 | 1453 CE | When Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks | 78 |
