This one was harder to make... and ended up being super long, so instead of going up to ch. 20, I stopped at ch. 15. Again, results may vary.
387284054 | Topiltzin | Religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs; dedicated to god Quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the Yucatan peninsula | 0 | |
387284055 | Tlaloc | one of the major Aztec gods associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle as the god of rain | 1 | |
387284056 | Huitzilopochtli | Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god | 2 | |
387284057 | Nezhualcoyotl | Leading Aztec king of the 15th century; king of Texaco- wrote hymns and poetry- creative force for gods | 3 | |
387284058 | Pochteca | Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items | 4 | |
387284059 | Calpulli | Clans in Aztec society, later expanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors | 5 | |
387284060 | Pachacuti | Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca | 6 | |
387284061 | Twantinsuyu | Word for Inca Empire; region from present-day Columbia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina | 7 | |
387284062 | Split inheritance | Inca practice of descent, all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendents for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy | 8 | |
387284063 | Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center located at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas | 9 | |
387284064 | Quipu | System of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records | 10 | |
387284065 | Hangzhou | Capital of later Song dynasty' located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million | 11 | |
387284066 | Wendi | Member of of northern Chinese family during period of Six dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty | 12 | |
387284067 | Yangdi | Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618 | 13 | |
387284068 | Li Yuan | Also known as Duke of Tan; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu | 14 | |
387284069 | Ministry of Rites | Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars | 15 | |
387284070 | Jinshi | Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office | 16 | |
387284071 | Pure land | a Buddhist sect in China and Japan that centers on faith in Amida Buddha, who promised to welcome believers to the paradise of the Pure Land, a metaphor for enlightenment | 17 | |
387284072 | Wuzong | Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monestaries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology | 18 | |
387284073 | Yang Guifei | Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt | 19 | |
387284074 | Xuanzong | Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion | 20 | |
387284075 | Zhao Kuangyin | Founder of Song dynasty; orginally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent | 21 | |
387284076 | Liao dynasty | Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song Dynasty in China | 22 | |
387284077 | Khitan | Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century | 23 | |
387284078 | Zhu Xi | Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action | 24 | |
387284079 | neo-confucians | Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences | 25 | |
387284080 | Tangut | Rulers of Xi-Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226 | 26 | |
387284081 | Xi Xia | Kingdom of Tangu people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drain Song resources and burdened peasantry | 27 | |
387284082 | Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society | 28 | |
387284083 | Jurchens | Founders of Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced the Song to flee south | 29 | |
387284084 | Jin | Kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by the Jurchens in 115 after overthrowing the Liao dynasty; ended in 1234 | 30 | |
387284085 | Southern Song | Rump state (remnant of a once-larger government) of the Song Dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of the much larger domains of the Tang and northern Song; Culturally, one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history. | 31 | |
387284086 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers; it was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire | 32 | |
387284087 | Li Bo | Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings | 33 | |
387284088 | Taika reforms | Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army | 34 | |
387284089 | Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power | 35 | |
387284090 | Bushi | Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies | 36 | |
387284091 | Taira | Powerful Japanese family in 11th and 12th centuries; competed with the Minamota family; defeated after the Gempei Wars | 37 | |
387284092 | Minamoto | Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan | 38 | |
387284093 | Gempei Wars | Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira | 39 | |
387284094 | Bakufu | Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai | 40 | |
387284095 | Hojo | Warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamota rulers who claimed to rule in name of the Japanese Emperor at Kyoto | 41 | |
387284096 | Ashikaga Takuaji | Member of the Minamota family; overthrew the Kamakuro regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino | 42 | |
387284097 | Choson | Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 BCE | 43 | |
387284098 | Koguryo | Tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kindgom in the northern half of the peninsula in 37 BCE; adopted cultural Sinification- involved in war with 2 other kingdoms | 44 | |
387284099 | Silla | Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668 | 45 | |
387284100 | Paekche | Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in 7th century | 46 | |
387284101 | Khmers | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south | 47 | |
387284102 | Trinh | Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in south | 48 | |
387284103 | Nguyen | Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue | 49 | |
387284104 | Cham | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south | 50 | |
387284105 | Kuriltai | Meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected | 51 | |
387284106 | Khagan | Title of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes | 52 | |
387284107 | Tumens | Basic fighting units of the Mongol foreces; consisted of 10, 000 cavalrymen; each unit was further divided into units of 100, 100, 10 | 53 | |
387284108 | Karakorum | Capital of the Mongol empire under Genghis Khan: 1162 - 1227. | 54 | |
387284109 | Batu | ruler of the golden horde; one of Chinggis Khan's grandsons; responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in 1236 | 55 | |
387284110 | Ogedei | Third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded him as Mongol khagan | 56 | |
387284111 | Khanates | Four divisions of the Mongol world following Genghis Khan's death: Chaghadai, Persia, Kipchak (Golden Horde), and Yuan dynasty in China | 57 | |
387284112 | Battle of Kulikova | Russian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia | 58 | |
387284113 | Baibars | Commander of Mamluk forces at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians | 59 | |
387284114 | Chabi | Influential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interests of Buddhists in China; indicative of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese | 60 | |
387284115 | Ju Yuanzhang | Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty | 61 | |
387284116 | Zhenghe | Chinese Muslim admiral who commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf and Red Sea trade expeditions under third Ming emperor, Yunglo between 1405 and 1433 | 62 | |
387284117 | Vivaldis | Two Genoese brothers who attempted to find a Western route to the "Indies"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of thrust into southern Atlantic | 63 |