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WHAP Chapter 11 - 15 Flashcards

This one was harder to make... and ended up being super long, so instead of going up to ch. 20, I stopped at ch. 15. Again, results may vary.

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387284054TopiltzinReligious leader and reformer of the Toltecs; dedicated to god Quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the Yucatan peninsula0
387284055Tlalocone of the major Aztec gods associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle as the god of rain1
387284056HuitzilopochtliAztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god2
387284057NezhualcoyotlLeading Aztec king of the 15th century; king of Texaco- wrote hymns and poetry- creative force for gods3
387284058PochtecaSpecial merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items4
387284059CalpulliClans in Aztec society, later expanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors5
387284060PachacutiRuler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca6
387284061TwantinsuyuWord for Inca Empire; region from present-day Columbia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina7
387284062Split inheritanceInca practice of descent, all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendents for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy8
387284063Temple of the SunInca religious center located at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas9
387284064QuipuSystem of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records10
387284065HangzhouCapital of later Song dynasty' located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million11
387284066WendiMember of of northern Chinese family during period of Six dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty12
387284067YangdiSecond member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 61813
387284068Li YuanAlso known as Duke of Tan; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu14
387284069Ministry of RitesAdministered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars15
387284070JinshiTitle granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office16
387284071Pure landa Buddhist sect in China and Japan that centers on faith in Amida Buddha, who promised to welcome believers to the paradise of the Pure Land, a metaphor for enlightenment17
387284072WuzongChinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monestaries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology18
387284073Yang GuifeiRoyal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt19
387284074XuanzongLeading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion20
387284075Zhao KuangyinFounder of Song dynasty; orginally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent21
387284076Liao dynastyFounded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song Dynasty in China22
387284077KhitanNomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century23
387284078Zhu XiMost prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action24
387284079neo-confuciansRevived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences25
387284080TangutRulers of Xi-Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 122626
387284081Xi XiaKingdom of Tangu people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drain Song resources and burdened peasantry27
387284082Wang AnshiConfucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society28
387284083JurchensFounders of Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced the Song to flee south29
387284084JinKingdom north of the Song Empire; established by the Jurchens in 115 after overthrowing the Liao dynasty; ended in 123430
387284085Southern SongRump state (remnant of a once-larger government) of the Song Dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of the much larger domains of the Tang and northern Song; Culturally, one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history.31
387284086Grand CanalThe 1,100-mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers; it was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire32
387284087Li BoMost famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings33
387284088Taika reformsAttempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army34
387284089FujiwaraJapanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power35
387284090BushiRegional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies36
387284091TairaPowerful Japanese family in 11th and 12th centuries; competed with the Minamota family; defeated after the Gempei Wars37
387284092MinamotoDefeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan38
387284093Gempei WarsWaged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira39
387284094BakufuMilitary government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai40
387284095HojoWarrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamota rulers who claimed to rule in name of the Japanese Emperor at Kyoto41
387284096Ashikaga TakuajiMember of the Minamota family; overthrew the Kamakuro regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino42
387284097ChosonEarliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 BCE43
387284098KoguryoTribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kindgom in the northern half of the peninsula in 37 BCE; adopted cultural Sinification- involved in war with 2 other kingdoms44
387284099SillaIndependent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 66845
387284100PaekcheIndependent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in 7th century46
387284101KhmersIndianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south47
387284102TrinhDynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in south48
387284103NguyenRival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue49
387284104ChamIndianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south50
387284105KuriltaiMeeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected51
387284106KhaganTitle of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes52
387284107TumensBasic fighting units of the Mongol foreces; consisted of 10, 000 cavalrymen; each unit was further divided into units of 100, 100, 1053
387284108KarakorumCapital of the Mongol empire under Genghis Khan: 1162 - 1227.54
387284109Baturuler of the golden horde; one of Chinggis Khan's grandsons; responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in 123655
387284110OgedeiThird son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded him as Mongol khagan56
387284111KhanatesFour divisions of the Mongol world following Genghis Khan's death: Chaghadai, Persia, Kipchak (Golden Horde), and Yuan dynasty in China57
387284112Battle of KulikovaRussian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia58
387284113BaibarsCommander of Mamluk forces at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians59
387284114ChabiInfluential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interests of Buddhists in China; indicative of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese60
387284115Ju YuanzhangChinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty61
387284116ZhengheChinese Muslim admiral who commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf and Red Sea trade expeditions under third Ming emperor, Yunglo between 1405 and 143362
387284117VivaldisTwo Genoese brothers who attempted to find a Western route to the "Indies"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of thrust into southern Atlantic63

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