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| 248704817 | Yangdi | second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system | 0 | |
| 248704818 | Li Yuan | also known as Duke of Tang; minister of Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty | 1 | |
| 248704819 | Chang'an | capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million | 2 | |
| 248704820 | Ministry of Rites | administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools | 3 | |
| 248704821 | jinshi | title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature | 4 | |
| 248704822 | pure land Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society | 5 | |
| 248704823 | Chan Buddhism | known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty | 6 | |
| 248704824 | Zen Buddhism | known as Chan Buddhism; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty | 7 | |
| 248704825 | Empress Wu | Tang ruler from 690-705 in China; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion | 8 | |
| 248704826 | Wuzong | Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhists by destroying monasteries in 840s | 9 | |
| 248704827 | Xuanzong | leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged over expansion | 10 | |
| 248704828 | Yang Guifei | royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt | 11 | |
| 248704829 | Zhoa Kuangyin | founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu | 12 | |
| 248704830 | Liao dynasty | founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China | 13 | |
| 248704831 | Khitans | nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humilitating treaties on Song China in 11th century | 14 | |
| 248704832 | Zhu Xi | most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action | 15 | |
| 248704833 | neo-Confucian | revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences | 16 | |
| 248704834 | Tangut | rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of the regional kingdoms during period of southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226 | 17 | |
| 248704835 | Xi Xia | kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry | 18 | |
| 248704836 | Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society | 19 | |
| 248704837 | Jurchens | founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee south | 20 | |
| 248704838 | Jin | kingdom north of the Song empire; established by Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty | 21 | |
| 248704839 | Southern Song | rump state of Song dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history | 22 | |
| 248704840 | Grand Canal | built in 7th century during reign of Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north China plain with the Yangtze river basin to the south; nearly 1200 miles long | 23 | |
| 248704841 | junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula | 24 | |
| 248704842 | flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency | 25 | |
| 248704843 | footbinding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household | 26 | |
| 248704844 | Li Bo | most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings | 27 |
