Fisher- CK high School
"Traditions and Encounters" 4th edition
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| 284698848 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali | 0 | |
| 284698849 | Ghana | a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea | 1 | |
| 284698850 | Timbuktu | Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning | 2 | |
| 284698851 | Gao | Prosperous capital city of the kingdom of Songhai, had caravan trade routes. | 3 | |
| 284698852 | manioc | cassava root eaten as a staple food after drying and leaching | 4 | |
| 284698853 | Sunni Ali | created Sunni Dynasty; rule lasted 30 years(1464); many military campaigns/victories; conquered Timbuktu and Djenne, which gave Songhai control of trade; focus on trading empire | 5 | |
| 284698854 | Swahili Decline | ... | 6 | |
| 284698855 | Kingdom of Kongo | Basin of the Congo (Zaire) river, conglomeration of several village alliances, participated actively in trade networks, most centralized rule of the early Bantu kingdoms, royal currency: cowries, ruled 14th-17th century until undermined by Portuguese slave traders | 7 | |
| 284698856 | King Afonso | King of the Congo who was concerned about the effects of slave trade | 8 | |
| 284698857 | Angola | a republic in southwestern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean | 9 | |
| 284698858 | Islamic Slave trade | 10 million slaves have been shipped out of Africa by this slave trade between the 8th and 18th centuries. Europeans used these existing networks and expanded the slave trade | 10 | |
| 284698859 | triangular slave trade | A practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa. | 11 | |
| 284698860 | Atlantic slave trade | Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the MIddle Passage of the Triangular Trade. | 12 | |
| 284698861 | middle passage | a voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies | 13 | |
| 284698862 | equiano, Olaudah | one of the most prominent Africans involved in the British movement of the abolition for the slave trade. | 14 | |
| 284698863 | African Diaspora | the forced removal of Africans from their homeland to serve as slaves in the Americas | 15 | |
| 284698864 | Plantation Society | One main house on a lot of land with slave homes. Specialized in staple crop. Labor: slaves, indentured servants. Hierarchy: Masters, overseers, workers. Mansion, Kitchens, Ice houses, Slave housing. | 16 | |
| 284698865 | Slave revolts | over 250 known- maybe more owner's attempted to have no publicity, slaveholders biggest fear, educated slaves tended to rebel more, Result: anti-literacy acts | 17 | |
| 284698866 | Haitian Revolution | A major influece of the Latin American revolutions because of its successfulness; the only successful slave revolt in history; it is led by Toussaint L'Ouverture. | 18 | |
| 284698867 | Saint-Domingue/Haiti | 1789 slaves under leadership of Toussaint L'Ouverture seized control of colony; 1801 Napoleon sent 23,000 soldiers to regain colony however slaves won and thousands of soldiers died of yellow fever | 19 | |
| 284698868 | Gullah | Unique language created by blacks that combined English with other African dialects. | 20 | |
| 284698869 | West indies | the Caribbean islands | 21 | |
| 284698870 | Abolitionist | a person who wanted to end slavery | 22 | |
| 284698871 | Ricci,Matteo | Along with Adam Schall, Jesuit scholar in court of Ming emperors; skilled scientist; corrected calendars, forged cannons, fixed clocks; won few converts to Christianity. | 23 | |
| 284698872 | Jesuit missionaries | group of people that converted people to catholocism during the reformation and is responsible for the catholicism of south america | 24 | |
| 284698873 | Guangzhou | a small trading outlet. The Qing dynasty had restricted European merchants to this place. The merchants could deal with only a few Chinese firms, which the British did not like this arrangement | 25 | |
| 284698874 | Ming | the imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 | 26 | |
| 284698875 | Great Wall | Chinese defensive fortification built to keep out northern nomadic invaders; began during the reign of Shi Huangdi. | 27 | |
| 284698876 | Manchus | Federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing Empire. (p. 556) | 28 | |
| 284698877 | Qing | the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries | 29 | |
| 284698878 | Forbidden City | The walled section of Beijing where emperors lived between 1121 and 1924. A portion is now a residence for leaders of the People's Republic of China. (p. 355) | 30 | |
| 284698879 | Beijing | capital of China | 31 | |
| 284698880 | footbinding | practice in chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household | 32 | |
| 284698881 | Zheng He | Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia | 33 | |
| 284698882 | Yongle Encyclopedia | Ming - China - collection of Chinese philosophical, literary, and historical texts. | 34 | |
| 284698883 | Neo-confucianism | term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism | 35 | |
| 284698884 | Self-ringing bells | Jesuits piqued Chinese curiosity with what came to be known as "self-rining bells" - spring driven mechanical clocks that kept tolerably accurate time, chimed the hours, and sometimes even struck the quarter hours as well. | 36 | |
| 284698885 | Edo | the capital and largest city of Japan | 37 | |
| 284698886 | Daimyo | a japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai | 38 | |
| 284698887 | Tokugawa | Shoguns that gained power in 1600 and reimposed centralized feudalism, closed Japan to foreigners and forbade Japanese people to travel overseas. | 39 | |
| 284698888 | Shogun | a hereditary military dictator of Japan | 40 | |
| 284698889 | Nagasaki | a city in southern Japan on Kyushu | 41 | |
| 284698890 | Samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy | 42 | |
| 284698891 | Native Learning | Japanese movement to promote nativist intellectual traditions and the celebration of Japanese texts. | 43 | |
| 284698892 | Kyoto | a city in central Japan on southern Honshu | 44 | |
| 284698893 | Kabuki | a type of Japanese drama in which music, dance and mime are used to present stories | 45 | |
| 284698894 | Bunraku | japanese puppet theater | 46 | |
| 284698895 | Dutch learning | Western learning embraced by some Japanese in the eighteenth century | 47 | |
| 284698896 | Anti-Christian campaign | 1587-1639, SHoguns said no more christians, making japanese christians profess their faith. usually lead to burning them at the stake or crucifying them if they didnt | 48 | |
| 284698897 | Turkic peoples | second-largest family of ethnic groups in Russia, settled most of Central Asia; conquered Turkey and the Mongols | 49 | |
| 284698898 | Ottomans | Turks who had come to Anatolia in the same wave of migrations as the Seljuks. (344) | 50 | |
| 284698899 | mughals | Mongols of the Indian Subcontinent. This name was used because they were a mix of the islamic mongols and the native hindus | 51 | |
| 284698900 | Safavids | A shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia (Iran and parts of Iraq) from the 16th-18th centuries that had a mixed culture of the persians, ottomans and arabs | 52 | |
| 284698901 | Taj mahal | shrine built by Shah Jahan, which is located in Agra and made out of marble and precious stones | 53 | |
| 284698902 | Devshirme | Ottoman policy of taking boys from Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers | 54 | |
| 284698903 | Janissaries | Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan | 55 | |
| 284698904 | Suleyman the magnificent | Ottoman Sultan (1512-20) expansion in Asia and Europe, helped Ottomans become a naval power, challegned Christian vessles througout the Mediterranian. 16th Century. The "lawgiver" who was so culturally aware yet exacted murder on two of his sons and a grandson in order to prevent civil war. Ottoman. | 56 | |
| 284698905 | Shiite | A member of the branch of Islam that supports the descendants of Muhammad as his rightful successors | 57 | |
| 284698906 | Sunni | A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 58 | |
| 284698907 | Sufi | a Muslim who represents the mystical dimension of Islam | 59 | |
| 284698908 | Shah | HEREDITARY MONARCH OF IRAN | 60 | |
| 284698909 | Vizier | a high official in a Muslim government (especially in the Ottoman Empire) [Caliph] | 61 | |
| 284698910 | Babur | founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530. | 62 | |
| 284698911 | Akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. (p. 536) | 63 | |
| 284698912 | Steppe traditions | ... | 64 | |
| 284698913 | Coffeehouses | These came to be known as new popular institutions of European social life during the 18th century Age of Enlightenment. Commonly, business, science, religion, and politics were all mentioned in caffeine fueled discussions in these places. | 65 | |
| 284698914 | Goa | Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located on the Western Indian Coast; site for forcible entry into the Asian sea trade network. | 66 | |
| 284698915 | Divine Faith | (16th century)- created by Akbar, Syncretic faith, included influences from multiple religions. IMportant because it allowed religious tolerance within the Mughal empire | 67 | |
| 284698916 | Millet | small seed of any of various annual cereal grasses especially Setaria italica | 68 | |
| 284698917 | Jizya | tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion | 69 | |
| 284698918 | Istanbul | the largest city and former capital of Turkey | 70 | |
| 284698919 | Aya Sofya | Hagia Sofia of Christian Constantinople converted to the Ottoman mosque of aya Sofya. | 71 | |
| 284698920 | Printing press | invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; first book was Gutenberg Bible; changed private and public lives of Europeans; used for war declarations, battle accounts, treaties, propaganda; laid basis for formation of distinct political parties; enhanced literacy, people sought books on all subjects | 72 | |
| 284698921 | Gunpowder empires | Muslim empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and the Mughals that employed cannonry and gunpowder to advance their military causes. | 73 | |
| 284698922 | Ottoman decline | Began losing wars and territory along their European boarders. The army was depending more on mercenaries and military technology fell behind. By terms of the Karlowitz peace treaty in 1699, the Ottomans lost major European provinces along with tax revenues | 74 | |
| 284698923 | Sikhs/sikhism | -blended elements of both Islam and Hinduism, -believe that the goal of existence is to be freed from the cycle of rebirth, and to attain unity with God, -believe in the Hindu concept of reincarnation | 75 | |
| 284698924 | Cultural conservation | grandparents request that grandchildren be allowed to live with them to ensure that the grandchildren learn the native ways | 76 | |
| 284698925 | Harem | the separate quarters of a house or palace where women live and men are excluded | 77 | |
| 284698926 | Zamindar | employed by the Mughals to collect taxes from peasants | 78 |
