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| 311819226 | 1861 | Emancipation of the serfs in Russia | 0 | |
| 311819227 | Holy Alliance | Tsar Alexander I sponsored this at the congress of Vienna, and it was the idea that the conservative monarchies of Russia, Prussia, and Austria would combine in defense of religion and the established order. | 1 | |
| 311819228 | Decembrist Uprising | I revolt of western-oriented army officers in 1825 that inspired the new Tsar, Nicholas I, to more conervatism. Secret police expanded, repression of political opponents stiffened, and newspapers and schools were tightly supervised. | 2 | |
| 311819229 | Crimean War | Fought at Black Sea (Russia's backyard) and western forces won. It was Ottoman, France, and Britian versus Russia. France wanted to protect Russia for diplomatic glory and to protect Christian lands. Britian did not want a power to advance in the region that could threaten its hold on India. "Oh Shazbot" moment for Russia. | 3 | |
| 311819230 | Emancipation of the Serfs | More generous than freedom of slaves in America, serfs got most of the land after freedom. Emancipation was careful to maintain aristocratic power. Serfs obtained no political rights on national level. | 4 | |
| 311819231 | trans-Siberian Railroad | Started in 1870s and finished in 1880s. Connected European Russia to Pacific ocean. Stimulated coal and iron produciton of Russia. Stimulated export of grain to the west. | 5 | |
| 311819232 | Sergei Witte | Minister of finance from 1892 to 1903 and an ardent economic modernizer, caused government to enact high tarrifs that protected Russian industry, imporved its banking system, and encouraged western investors to build factories in Russia. | 6 | |
| 311819233 | Intelligentsia | Articulate Russian intellectuals as a class that became active and were impatient with Russia's slow development. | 7 | |
| 311819234 | Anarchists | Sought to abolish all formal government | 8 | |
| 311819235 | Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov | Known as Lenin, intorduced changes to marxist theory to make it suitable for Russia; insisted on importance of disciplined revolutionary cells that could maintain doctrinal purity and effective action even under severe police repression. | 9 | |
| 311819236 | Bolsheviks | A group of Russian Marxists that were animated by Lenin; it means majority but they were a minorty in Russia; | 10 | |
| 311819237 | Russo- Japanese War | Broke out in 1904; Japan won; increasingly powerful Japan became worried about further Russian expansion in Northern China and efforts to extend influence into Korea | 11 | |
| 311819238 | Duma | A naitonal parliamnet created by tsar that wanted to calm people down as a result of peasent uprisings; power was limited after people calmed | 12 | |
| 311819239 | Stolypin Reforms | Peasents gained greater freedom from redemption payments and village controls under this. | 13 | |
| 311819240 | Kulaks | A minority group of entrepreneurs that began to increase agricultural produciton and buy additional land after Stolypin reforms | 14 | |
| 311819241 | 1850s | Western pressures forced Japan to consider reforms | 15 | |
| 311819242 | Terakoya | Commoners schools that taught reading, writing, and the rudiments of Confucianism to ordinary people. By 1859, more than 40% of all men and over 15% of women were literate | 16 | |
| 311819243 | Dutch Studies | A minority group of Japanese that kept alive the knowledge of the Dutch to deal with traders at Nagasaki. | 17 | |
| 311819244 | Matthew Perry | Arrived with American squadron in Edo bay in 1853 | 18 | |
| 311819245 | Diet | Japanese constitution issued in 1889 ensured major powers for emporer and limited powers of this, which was the lower house of the new parliamentbased on German system. | 19 | |
| 311819246 | Zaibatsu | Huge industrial combines that were being formed by 1890s as a result of accumulation of capital and far-flung merchant and industrial operations | 20 | |
| 311819247 | Sino-Japanese War | 1894-95 was a first step toward Japanese expansion was between Japan and China over Korea. Japan won. | 21 | |
| 311819248 | Yellow Peril | Japan's surge promoted a fear in the west of this that should be opposed through greater imperialist efforts | 22 |
