Terms : Hide Images
| 328270947 | Cubist Movement | 20th Century art style; best represented by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso; rendered familiar objects as geometrical shapes | 0 | |
| 328270948 | Benito Mussolini | Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. | 1 | |
| 328270949 | Fascism | A system of government characterized by strict social and economic control and a strong, centralized government usually headed by a dictator. | 2 | |
| 328270950 | Syndicalism | Economic and political system based on the organization of labor; imported in Latin America from European political movements; militant force in Latin American politics; a radical political movement that advocates bringing industry and government under the control of labor unions | 3 | |
| 328270951 | Mexican Revolution | The Mexican Revolution was characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist and agrarianist movements, and culminated in the Mexican Constitution of 1917 Led by Fransico Madero; Fought over a period of almost 10 years form 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata | 4 | |
| 328270952 | Porfirio Diaz | dictator who dominated Mexico, permitted foreign companies to develop natural resources and had allowed landowners to buy much of the countries land from poor peasants. Had power 1876-1911 | 5 | |
| 328270953 | Francisco Madero | early leader in the Mexican Revolution; in 1911 became president of Mexico; wanted land ownership and free, honest elections, two years later he was murdered, led to power struggles | 6 | |
| 328270954 | Pancho Villa | A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata. | 7 | |
| 328270955 | Emiliano Zapata | Revolutionary and leader of peasants in the Mexican Revolution. He mobilized landless peasants in south-central Mexico in an attempt to seize and divide the lands of the wealthy landowners. Though successful for a time, he was ultimately defeated and assassinated. | 8 | |
| 328270956 | Victoriano Huerta | He was a Mexican military officer and he ruthlessly seized power in Mexico in 1913. President Wilson objected to his murderous methods and refused to extend diplomatic recognition to his government. He abdicated in 1914. | 9 | |
| 328270957 | Alvaro Obregon | Emerged as Mexico's leader at the end of the revolution; wrote a new constitution that promised land reforms; General who violently seized power/overthrew Carranza because Carranza did not support the final version of the Mexican Constitution. Promoted reforms and was assassinated in 1928 | 10 | |
| 328270958 | Mexican Constitution of 1917 | Promised land reform, limited foreign ownership of key resources, guaranteed the rights of workers, and placed restrictions on clerical education; marked formal end of Mexican Revolution. | 11 | |
| 328270959 | Diego Rivera | One of Mexico's most celebrated 20th centry artists. He painted a series of historical murals in the National Palace in Mexico City. | 12 | |
| 328270960 | Jose Clemente Orozco | Mexican muralist of the period after the Mexican revolution; like Rivera's, his work featured romantic images of the Indian past with Christian symbols and Marxist ideology | 13 | |
| 328270961 | Cristeros | Conservative peasant movement in Mexico during the 1920s; most active in central Mexico; attempted to halt slide toward secularism; movement resulted in armed violence. | 14 | |
| 328270962 | Alexander Kerensky | Leader of Provincial Government installed in Russia following the March 1917 Revolution; overthrown by Bolsheviks; Refused to redistribute confiscated landholdings to the peasants. Thought fighting the war was a national duty | 15 | |
| 328270963 | Red Army | Military organization constructed under leadership of Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik follower of Lenin; made use of people of humble background | 16 | |
| 328270964 | New Economic Policy | Policy proclaimed by Vladimir Lenin in 1924 to encourage the revival of the Soviet economy by allowing small private enterprises. Joseph Stalin ended the N.E.P. in 1928 and replaced it with a series of Five-Year Plans. | 17 | |
| 328270965 | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | Federal system of socialist republics established in 1923 in various ethnic regions of Russia; firmly controlled by Communist party; diminished nationalities protest under Bolsheviks; dissolved 1991. | 18 | |
| 328270966 | Supreme Soviet | Parliament of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; elected by universal suffrage; actually controlled by Communist party; served to ratify party decisions. | 19 | |
| 328270967 | Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all oppositionl led USSR in WWII | 20 | |
| 328270968 | Comintern | was an international Communist organization founded in Moscow in March 1919 by Lenin. The International intended to fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State."; communist international office set up to guide communism in the west | 21 | |
| 328270969 | collectivization | system in which private farms were eliminated, instead, the government owned all the land while the peasants worked on it. | 22 | |
| 328270970 | May Fourth Movement | Chinese protest movement triggered by opposition to the Treaty of Versailles; a major step in the path leading to the creation and victory of CCP; aimed at turning China into a liberal democracy | 23 | |
| 328270971 | Li Dazhao | Chinese intellectual who gave serious attention to Marxist philosophy; headed study circle at the University of Beijing; saw peasants as vanguard of revolutionary communism in China. | 24 | |
| 328270972 | Mao Zedong | This man became the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and remained its leader until his death. He declared the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and supported the Chinese peasantry throughout his life. | 25 | |
| 328270973 | Guomindang | Nationalist political party founded on democratic principles by Sun Yat-sen in 1912. After 1925, the party was headed by Chiang Kai-shek, who turned it into an increasingly authoritarian movement; drew support from local warlords and Chinese criminal underworld; initially forged alliance with Communists in 1924; | 26 | |
| 328270974 | Whampoa Military Academy | Founded in 1924; military wing of the Guomindang; first head of the academy was Chiang Kai-shek; Established in China with Soviet help; it gave the Nationalists a military dimension previously missing | 27 | |
| 328270975 | Chiang Kai-shek | General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong. | 28 | |
| 328270976 | Long March | The 6,000-mile (9,600-kilometer) flight of Chinese Communists from southeastern to northwestern China. The Communists, led by Mao Zedong, were pursued by the Chinese army under orders from Chiang Kai-shek. | 29 | |
| 328270977 | Great Depression | the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s. | 30 | |
| 328270978 | Popular Front | Political group active in aiding the leftist forces (communists, liberals, and socialists) in the Spanish Civil War. Earnest Hemingway and other prominent American intellectuals and writers joined the group | 31 | |
| 328270979 | New Deal | President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insureance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in U.S. social and economic life; social security system formed under this | 32 | |
| 328270980 | totalitarian state | country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people; German under Hitler | 33 | |
| 328270981 | Gestapo | the German state secret police during the Nazi regime, organized in 1933 and notorious for its brutal methods and operations | 34 | |
| 328270982 | Spanish Civil War | In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The revolt quickly became a civil war. The Soviet Union provided arms and advisers to the government forces while Germany and Italy sent tanks, airplanes, and soldiers to help Franco; 1936-1939 | 35 | |
| 328270983 | Corporatism | A method of co-optation whereby authoritarian systems create or sanction a limited number of organizations to represent the interests of the public and restrict those not set up or approved by the state., Political ideology that emphasized the organic nature of society and made the state a mediator, adjusting the interests of different social groups; appealed to conservative groups in European and Latin American societies and to the military. | 36 | |
| 328270984 | Lazaro Cardenas | President of Mexico (1934-1940). He brought major changes to Mexican life by distributing millions of acres of land to the peasants, bringing representatives of workers and farmers into the inner circles of politics, and nationalizing the oil industry 820 | 37 | |
| 328270985 | Juan D. Peron | Military leader in Argentina who became dominant political figure after militiary coup in 1943; used position as Minister of Labor to appeal to working groups and the poor; became President in 1946, forced into exile in 1955, returned and won presidency in 1973 | 38 | |
| 328270986 | five-year plans | Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products and were enforced by the police powers of the state. | 39 | |
| 328270987 | socialist realism | Attempt within the USSR to relate formal culture to the masses in order to avoid the adoption of Western European cultural forms; begun under Joseph Stalin; fundamental method of Soviet fiction, art, and literary criticism. | 40 | |
| 328270988 | Politburo | a committee that became the leading policy-making body of the Communist Party in Russia; the chief executive and political committee of the Communist Party | 41 |
