Questions about chapter five in World Civilizations, AP* Edition.
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| 77067257 | Paul | One of the first Christian missionaries; moved away from insistence that adherents of the new religion follow Jewish law; use of Greek as language of Church | 0 | |
| 77067258 | Austronesian | Family of 30 related languages found in the Philippines, Indonesia, and southeast Asia; people of this linguistic group migrated throughout the Pacific | 1 | |
| 77067259 | tribunes | Plebeian representatives in the Roman republic; elected in the Councilium Plebis Tributum on an annual basis | 2 | |
| 77067260 | Mesoamerica | Mexico and Central America; along with Peru, site of development of sedentary agriculture in Western hemisphere | 3 | |
| 77067261 | plebeians | Ordinary citizens; originally those Roman families that could not trace their relationship to one of the major Roman clans | 4 | |
| 77067262 | maize | One of the staple crops of sedentary agriculturists in the Americas; domesticated by 4,000 BCE in central Mexico | 5 | |
| 77067263 | Amaterasu | Sun goddess of the Shinto religion | 6 | |
| 77067264 | Zoroastrianism | Animist religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death in "House of Song;" chief religion of Persian Empire | 7 | |
| 77067425 | Maori | Residents of New Zealand; migrated to New Zealand from Society Islands as early as 8th century CE | 8 | |
| 77067426 | Delian league | Alliance formed by Athens after the Persian wars; cities contributed to unified treasury on island of Delos to support alliance fleet; later take over by Athens and became Athenian Empire | 9 | |
| 77067427 | legions | The basic military unit of the Roman military; developed during the republic | 10 | |
| 77067428 | Horace | Poet who adapted Greek poetic meters to the Latin language; author of lyrical poetry laudatory of the empire; patronized by Augustus | 11 | |
| 77076694 | long count | Mayan system of dating from a a fixed date in the past, 3114 BCE; marked the beginning of a great cycle of 5200 years; allowed precision dating of events in Mayan history | 12 | |
| 77076695 | Tang | Dynasty that succeeded the Sui in 619 CE; more stable that previous dynasty | 13 | |
| 77076696 | Ali'i | High chiefs of Hawaiian society who claimed descent from the gods and rested their claims on their ability to recite in great detail their lineages | 14 | |
| 77076697 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern half of Roman Empire following collapse of western half of old empire; retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek; later lost Palestine, Syria, and Egypt to Islam; capital at Constantinople | 15 | |
| 77076698 | Livy | Roman historian who linked empire to traditions of republican past; stressed republican virtues popular in early empire | 16 | |
| 77077040 | Rajput | Regional princes in western India; emphasized military control of their regions | 17 | |
| 77077041 | Yamato | Japanese clan that gained increasing dominance in the 4th and 5th centuries CE; created imperial cult around Amaterasu and Shinto; brought most of the lowland plains of the southern islands under control | 18 | |
| 77077042 | bishops | Headed Christian churches and regional centers and supervised the activities of other churches within the jurisdictional area | 19 | |
| 77077043 | Honshu | Largest of the Japanese islands; most heavily populated | 20 | |
| 77077044 | Harsha | Ruler who followed Guptas in India; briefly constructed a loose empire in northern India between 616 and 657 CE | 21 | |
| 77077045 | Bantu | Originated in eastern Nigeria in west Africa; migrated into central and southern Africa using rivers—particularly the Congo Basin; village dwellers who depended on agriculture and fishing | 22 | |
| 77078457 | Sui | Dynasty that succeeded the Han in China; emerged from strong rulers in northern China; united all of China and reconquered southern China | 23 | |
| 77078458 | Tihuanaco | Along with Huari, large center for regional chiefdoms between 300 and 900 CE; located in southern Peru; featured large ceremonial center supported by extensive irrigated agriculture; established widely diffused religious and artistic symbols all over Andean zone | 24 | |
| 77078459 | Council of Nicæa | Christian council that met in 325 CE to determine orothodoxy with respect to the Trinity; insisted on divinity of all persons of the Trinity | 25 | |
| 77078460 | Toltecs | Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of the sedentary agricultural area in Mesoamerica; established capital of Tula following migration into central Mesoamerican plateau | 26 | |
| 77078461 | consuls | Two chief executives or magistrates of the Roman republic; elected by an annual assembly dominated by aristocracy | 27 | |
| 77078462 | llamas | Along with alpacas, domesticated animals of the Americas; basis for only form of nomadic pastoralism in the New World until European important of larger animals in 15th century CE | 28 | |
| 77082753 | Ovid | Roman poet exiled by Augustus for sensual poetry considered out of touch with the imperial policies stressing family virtues | 29 | |
| 77082754 | Tiberius Gracchus | Along with Gaius Gracchus, tribune who attempted to introduce land and citizenship reform within the Roman republic; killed on the command of the Senate | 30 | |
| 77082755 | Vergil | One of greatest of Roman poets during "Golden Age" of Latin literature; patronized by Augustus; author of Aeneid | 31 | |
| 77082756 | moa | Large, wingless birds native to New Zealand; hunted to extinction by early settlers; extinction established need to develop new sources of protein | 32 | |
| 77082757 | lunar cycle | One of the principal means of establishing a calendar; based on cycles of moon; differed from solar cycles and failed to provide accurate guide to round of the seasons; required constant revision or intercalation | 33 | |
| 77082758 | Benedict of Nursia | Founder of monasticism in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire; established Benedictine Rule in the 6th century; paralleled development of Basil's rules in Byzantine Empire | 34 | |
| 77082759 | Mahayana | Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior | 35 | |
| 77082760 | bodhisattvas | Buddhist holy men; built up spiritual merits during their lifetimes; prayers even after death could aid people to achieve reflected holiness | 36 | |
| 77082761 | Devi | Mother goddess within Hinduism; widely spread following collapse of Guptas; encouraged new emotionalism in religious ritual | 37 | |
| 77082762 | Hopewell culture | A North American mound-building culture; lasted from circa 200 to 500 CE | 38 | |
| 77082763 | Punic Wars | Fought between Rome and Carthage to establish dominance in the western Mediterranean; won by Rome after three separate conflicts | 39 | |
| 77082764 | clientage | The social relationship whereby wealthy Roman landholders offered protection and financial aid to lesser citizens in return for political support and labor | 40 | |
| 77082765 | Marius | Successful Roman general during the last century BCE; introduced the concept of using paid volunteers in his army rather than citizen conscripts; created military force with personal loyalties to commander | 41 | |
| 77082766 | Maya | Classic culture emerging in southern Mexico and Central America contemporary with Teotihuacan; extended over broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calendrical and mathematical systems, highly developed religion | 42 | |
| 77082767 | Diocletian | Roman emperor from 284 to 305 CE; restored later empire by improved administration and tax collection | 43 | |
| 77082768 | Olmec culture | Cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico circa 1,200 BCE; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems | 44 | |
| 77082769 | Carthage | Originally a Phoenician colony in northern Africa; became a major port and commercial power in the western Mediterranean; fought the Punic Wars with Rome for dominance of the western Mediterranean | 45 | |
| 77082770 | Huari | Along with Tihuanaco, large center for regional chiefdoms between 300 and 900 CE; located in southern Peru; featured large ceremonial center supported by extensive irrigated agriculture; established widely diffused religious and artistic symbols spread all over Andean zone | 46 | |
| 77082771 | Etruscans | Culture that ruled Rome prior to republic; ruled through powerful kings and well-organized armies; expelled by Romans circa 510 BCE | 47 | |
| 77082772 | alpacas | Along with llamas, domesticated animals of the Americas; basis for only form of nomadic pastoralism in the New World until European importation of larger animals in 15th century CE | 48 | |
| 77082773 | Nara | Along with Heian, capital of the Yamato emperors; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated | 49 | |
| 77082774 | Constantine | Roman emperor from 312 to 337 CE; established second capital at Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spiritually | 50 | |
| 77082775 | Mississippian culture | Last of the mound-building cultures of North America; flourished between 800 and 1300 CE; featured large towns and ceremonial centers; lacked stone architecture of Central America | 51 | |
| 77082776 | stelae | Large memorial pillars erected to commemorate triumphs and events in the lives of Maya rulers |  | 52 |
| 77082777 | Shinto | Religion of early Japanese culture; devotees worshipped numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world; offers of food and prayers made to gods and nature spirits | 53 | |
| 77082778 | Pygmies | One of few pure hunting societies left in Africa following Bantu migration | 54 | |
| 77083483 | Augustus Cæsar | Name given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra; first emperor of Rome | 55 | |
| 77083484 | Celts | Inhabited most of Britain and Ireland; organized in small regional kingdoms; featured mixed agricultural and hunting economies; replaced in most places by Germans | 56 | |
| 77083485 | kiva | Circular pit in Anasazi communities used for religious meetings by the men in the society |  | 57 |
| 77083486 | kapu | Complex set of social regulations in Hawaii which forbade certain activities and regulated social discourse | 58 | |
| 77083487 | solar cycle | Calendrical system based on solar year; typical of all civilizations; variations of solar calendars in Western civilization are Julian and Gregorian calendars; Mayas also constructed solar calendar | 59 | |
| 77083488 | mana | Power of Hawaiian ali'i; emanated from their lineages and enabled them to extract labor or tribute from their subjects | 60 | |
| 77083489 | Monte Alban | Chief center of Zapotec culture in southern Mexico during preclassic period; contemporary with Olmec culture; based on irrigated agriculture and calendrical and writing systems | 61 | |
| 77083490 | saints | Holy men and women, often martyrs, who were revered in Christianity as models of Christian lifestyles; built up treasury of merit that could be tapped by more ordinary Christians | 62 | |
| 77083491 | hapu | Primary social unit of Maori society in New Zealand; divisions of tribes consisting of extended families; land allotted to extended families in common | 63 | |
| 77083492 | Sulla | Conservative military commander during last century BCE; attempted to reinforce powers of the Senate and to undo influence of Marius | 64 | |
| 77083493 | Teotihuacan | Site of classic culture in central Mexico; urban center with important religious functions; supported by intensive agriculture in surrounding regions; population of as much as 200,000 |  | 65 |
| 77083494 | Julius Cæsar | Roman general responsible for conquest of Gaul; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic; assassinated in 44 BCE by conservative senators | 66 | |
| 77083495 | slash and burn agriculture | A system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted | 67 | |
| 77083496 | Nahuatl | Language spoken by the Toltecs and Aztecs | 68 | |
| 77083497 | Hannibal | Great Carthaginian general during Second Punic War; successfully invaded Italy but failed to conquer Rome; finally defeated at Battle of Zama | 69 | |
| 77083498 | Ethiopia | A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa | 70 | |
| 77083499 | Polynesia | Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island |  | 71 |
| 77083500 | manioc | One of staple crops of sedentary agriculturists in the Americas; principal crop of peoples of the lowlands of South America and the islands of the Caribbean | 72 | |
| 77083501 | Cicero | Conservative Roman senator; Stoic philosopher; one of great orators of his day; killed in reaction to assassination of Julius Caesar | 73 | |
| 77085486 | Mochica state | Flourished in Andes north of Chav'n culture in Moche valley between 200 and 700 CE; featured great clay-brick temples; created military chiefdom supported by extensive irrigated agriculture | 74 | |
| 77085487 | Yellow Turbans | Chinese Daoists who launched a revolt in 184 CE in China promising a golden age to be brought about by divine magic | 75 | |
| 77085488 | Sahara | Desert running across northern Africa; separates the Mediterranean coast from southern Africa | 76 | |
| 77085489 | Ghana | First great sub-Saharan state; created by Soninke people; by 9th century CE a major source of gold in the Mediterranean world | 77 | |
| 77085490 | montaña? | Located on eastern slopes of Andes mountains; location of cultivation and gathering of tropical fruits and coca leaf | 78 | |
| 77085491 | transhumant | A form of pastoralism common to the Mediterranean basin and the Sahara; involves moving from one region to another according to the season | 79 | |
| 77085492 | Trajan | Emperor from 101 to 106 CE; instituted more aggressive imperial foreign policy resulting in expansion of empire to its greatest limits | 80 | |
| 77085493 | pope | Bishop of Rome; head of the Christian Church in western Europe | 81 | |
| 77085494 | Inca | Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures; term also used for leader of empire | 82 | |
| 77085495 | puna | High valleys and steppes lying between the two major chains of the Andes mountains; site of South American agricultural origins, also only location of pastoralism in Americas | 83 | |
| 77085496 | Heian | Capital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated | 84 | |
| 77085497 | Saint Augustine | Influential church father and theologian (354—430 CE); born in Africa and ultimately Bishop of Hippo in Africa; champion of Christian doctrine against various heresies and very important in the long-term development of Christian thought on such issues as predestination | 85 | |
| 77085498 | Senate | Assembly of Roman aristocrats; advised on policy within the republic; one of the early elements of the Roman constitution | 86 | |
| 77085499 | Cyrus the Great | Established massive Persian Empire by 550 BCE; successor state to Mesopotamian empires | 87 | |
| 77085500 | Yayoi epoch | Last centuries BCE in Japan; featured introduction of wet-rice cultivation, iron working; produced wheel-turned pottery and sophisticated bronzeware | 88 | |
| 77085501 | Roman republic | The balanced constitution of Rome from circa 510 to 47 BCE; featured an aristocratic Senate, a panel of magistrates, and several popular assemblies | 89 | |
| 77085502 | Gaius Gracchus | Along with Tiberius, tribune who attempted to introduce land and citizenship reform within the Roman republic; killed on the command of the Senate | 90 | |
| 77085503 | pahi | Double canoes used for long-distance voyaging; carried a platform between canoes for passengers or cargo | 91 | |
| 77085504 | Jesus of Nazareth | Prophet and teacher among the Jews; believed by Christians to be the Messiah; executed circa 30 CE | 92 | |
| 77085505 | pastoral nomads | An intermediate form of ecological adaptation dependant on domesticated animal herds that feed on natural environment; typically more populous than shifting cultivation groups | 93 | |
| 77085506 | saints | Holy men and women, often martyrs, who were revered in Christianity as models of Christian lifestyles; built up treasury of merit that could be tapped by more ordinary Christians | 94 | |
| 77085507 | Kumbi Saleh | Capital of empire of Ghana; divided into two adjoining cities: one for the king, court, and indigenous people, one for the merchants, scholars, and religious leaders | 95 |
