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| 109384266 | Pericles | Aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens. (130) | 0 | |
| 109384267 | Hellenistic period | Greek culture after Alexander the Great died | 1 | |
| 109384268 | Diocletian and Constantine | strong emperors toward the end of the Roman Empire, who tried with some success to reverse the tide of its ultimate fall. Move the capital away from Rome and allowed freedom of worship for Christians. | 2 | |
| 109384269 | Greek city-states | "Politics" come from this word. Though united in language and religion, the people held differing forms of government, from monarchies to oligarchies to aristocratically controlled democracies. | 3 | |
| 109384270 | Stoics | Adherents of this philosophy emphasized an inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline and personal bravery. | 4 | |
| 109384271 | Battle of Marathon | in this battle, the Persians are defeated on a plain by an Athenian army led by the general, Miltiades. | 5 | |
| 109384272 | King Xerxes | Persian king who invaded Greece in retribution for earlier Persian defeats by the Greek; his forces were defeated by the Greeks in the battles of Salamis and Plataea. | 6 | |
| 109384273 | Themistocles | Athenian leader who advocated for an Athenian navy during the Persian Wars | 7 | |
| 109384274 | Zoroastrianism | Persian religion developed by the prophet Zoroaster in which it was taught that life is a battle between the opposing forces of good and evil, with humans having to choose between the two. | 8 | |
| 109384275 | Peloponnesian Wars | a war fought between Athens and Sparta in the 400s BC, ending in a victory for Sparta | 9 | |
| 109384276 | Philip II of Macedon | king who defeated defeated a combined army of Thebes and Athens to become ruler of the Greek city-states; father of Alexander the Great | 10 | |
| 109384277 | Augustus Caesar | first emperor of Rome; grandnephew of Julius | 11 | |
| 109384278 | Twelve Tables | Roman law code developed in response to the democratization of the Roman republic. | 12 | |
| 109384279 | Herodotus | Greek historian called the "Father of History" who wrote an account of the Persian Wars in the Histories. | 13 | |
| 109384280 | Galen | Hellenistic physician and writer who wrote many medical treatises that formed the basis of modern medical practice. | 14 | |
| 109384281 | Sui and Tang | Chinese dynasties after the fall of Han. Confucianism and the bureaucracy was revived | 15 | |
| 109384282 | Rajput | Regional Indian princes who ruled after the fall of the Guptas. | 16 | |
| 109384283 | Constantinople | Center of the Roman Empire after 312 C.E., established by Constantine. | 17 | |
| 109384284 | Byzantine Empire | Successor to the Roman Empire in the eastern Mediterranean. Artistically creative and active in trade. | 18 | |
| 109384285 | Augustine | One of greatest Christian theologians. Bishop of Alexandria, Egypt. | 19 | |
| 109384286 | Coptic Christianity | Largest branch of African Christianity, centered in Egypt. | 20 | |
| 109384287 | Syncretism | blending of cultures | 21 | |
| 109384288 | Bodhisattvas | Buddhist doctrine that held that some people could gain nirvana through meditation. This shows that Buddhism shifted from a system of ethics into a more emotional belief. | 22 | |
| 109384289 | Mahayana | "Greater Vehicle" | 23 | |
| 109384290 | Jesus of Nazareth | Jewish teacher who preached reforms in Judaism. | 24 | |
| 109384291 | Paul | Early Christian leader who saw the faith in a different light. Instead of a reform of Judaism, Paul helped turn the faith into a new religion that welcomed non-Jews. | 25 | |
| 109384292 | Benedict | Founder of monasticism in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire. | 26 | |
| 109384293 | Buddhism | Indian prince Gautama became the Buddha, or "enlightened one." Seen as a reform movement out of Hinduism. | 27 | |
| 109384294 | Islam | Monotheistic religion in which the supreme being is Allah and the chief prophet and founder is Mohammad; developed in the Arabian peninsula in 7th century C.E. | 28 | |
| 109384295 | Animism | a belief in the existence of many spirits and demons which are found in the natural world | 29 |
