Terms : Hide Images
| 518731802 | Balkan region | peninsula that incl. Greece, Albania, Bosnia, Greece, Serbia/Croatia, controlled by Ottoman Empire (Austrian influence), Russia tries to expand in here | |
| 518731803 | Body of Civil Law | Justinian's codification of Roman law; revised Roman law as coherent basis for political and economic life | |
| 518731804 | Byzantine Empire | a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395 | |
| 518731805 | Caesaropapism | the doctrine that the state is supreme over the church in ecclesiastical matters | |
| 518731806 | Constantinople | the largest city and former capital of Turkey, the largest city and former capital of Turkey | |
| 518731807 | Eastern Orthodox Church | derived from the Byzantine Church and adhering to Byzantine rites | |
| 518731808 | Greek Fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals (petroleum, quicklime, sulfur) that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople | |
| 518731809 | Hagia Sophia | Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. | |
| 518731810 | Iconoclasm | a challenge to or overturning of traditional beliefs, customs, and values, any movement against the religious use of images | |
| 518731811 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians | |
| 518731812 | Justinian's Code | Laws of the byzantine empire based the twelve tables of Roman law, became a basis for laws in many European nations | |
| 518731813 | Kiev Rus | Kiev was the major trading hub between the Vikings in the north and the Byzantium in the south and later became a city. Kievan Rus was the old name for Russia. | |
| 518731814 | Monasticism | A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith | |
| 518731815 | Mosaic | art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass | |
| 518731816 | Schism | A formal split within a religious organization; any division or separation of a group or organization into hostile factions | |
| 518731817 | Theme System | This system divided the Byzantine Empire into different districts that were each led by a general, they were created so that the military could respond quickly to attacks, also peasants who joined the army were given plots of land, thereby increasing the free peasant class. | |
| 518731818 | Prince Vladimir | Ruler of Kiev who converts to eastern orthodox christianity rather than roman catholic; influenced Russians to convert to Christianity. | |
| 518731819 | Theodora | The wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constntinople and fight the Nike Revolt. | |
| 518731820 | Abbasid Dynasty | Muslim dynasty after Ummayd, a dynasty that lasted about two centuries that had about 150 years of Persia conquer and was created by Mohammad's youngest uncle's sons | |
| 518731821 | Al-Andulus | Known as Islamic Spain from 711 to 1492. Under Islamic Rule, Spain became a learning civilization in what is known as the "Dark Age" Europe. It was one of the largest cities in Europe. | |
| 518731822 | Abu Bakr | Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death. | |
| 518731823 | Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God | |
| 518731824 | Arabs | traveling people who lived throughout North Africa and Southwest Asia/Middle East, first followers of Islam | |
| 518731825 | Arabic numerals | A written number system created during the Gupta golden age in India, then adopted by the Islamic Empire before spreading further. Used throughout western civilization today. | |
| 518731826 | Arabic languages | there are 2 different kinds of Arabic. Classic Arabic is the language of the Qur'an and is used in books and newspapers. Modern Arabic is used on television and radio, and in conversations between Arabic speakers. | |
| 518731827 | Astrolabe | an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets | |
| 518731828 | Baghdad | Capital city of Iraq. As heart of the Arab Empire, it was second only to Constantinople in terms of size and grandeur in 1000 C.E. | |
| 518731829 | Bedouin peoples | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. | |
| 518731830 | Berbers | a member of a North African, primarily Muslim people living in settled or nomadic tribes from Morocco to Egypt | |
| 518731831 | Caliph | the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth | |
| 518731832 | Caliphate | the era of Islam's ascendaancy from the death of Mohammed until the 13th century | |
| 518731833 | Caravanserais | inns offering lodging for caravan merchants as well as food, water, and care for their animals | |
| 518731834 | Cordoba | capital of Muslim Spain, an economic center, hundreds of workshops, culture and learning flourished there | |
| 518731835 | Dar al-Islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule | |
| 518731836 | Diasporic communities | immigrants who have relocated from their ancestral homelands and retain their distinct cultural identities as ethnic minority groups in their new host countries | |
| 518731837 | Dhimmis | A person of a non-Muslim religion whose right to practice that religion is protected within an Islamic society | |
| 518731838 | Five Pillars | Basic rules of Islam. 1. Profession of faith 2. Pray five times a day 3. Give alms (give money) 4. Ramadan fast 5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). | |
| 518731839 | Hajj | the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah | |
| 518731840 | Iberian Peninsula | a peninsula in southwestern Europe | |
| 518731841 | Islam | the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life | |
| 518731842 | Jihad | a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal | |
| 518731843 | Jizya | tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion | |
| 518731844 | Ka'ba | The stone cubical structure in the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Mecca, believed to have been built by Abraham and regarded by Muslims as the sacred center of the earth | |
| 518731845 | Mecca | the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace | |
| 518731846 | Minaret | the tower attached to a mosque from which the muezzin, or crier, calls the faithful to prayer five times a day | |
| 518731847 | Mosque | (Islam) a Muslim place of worship | |
| 518731848 | Muhammad | leader of Black Muslims who campaigned for independence for Black Americans (1897-1975) | |
| 518731849 | Muslim | of or relating to or supporting Islamism | |
| 518731850 | Quran | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | |
| 518731851 | Ramadan | (Islam) a fast (held from sunrise to sunset) that is carried out during the Islamic month of Ramadan | |
| 518731852 | Saak | A letter that a merchant could take from one city to another. It proves that the merchant could buy things and it was much lighter than a heavy metal box | |
| 518731853 | Seal of the prophets | Name recognizing Muhammad as the last and greatest prophet. | |
| 518731854 | Sharia | the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed | |
| 518731855 | Shia | one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam | |
| 518731856 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | |
| 518731857 | Sultan | the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire) | |
| 518731858 | Sugarcane | juicy canes whose sap is a source of molasses and commercial sugar | |
| 518731859 | Sunni | one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam | |
| 518731860 | The Thousand and One Nights | A group of tales narrated by a fictional princess, many are set in baghdad, include romances, fables, adventures, best known for Aladdin and the magic lamp | |
| 518731861 | Umayyad dynasty | established by Muawiya, moved capital from Medina to Damascus, that action split Islam (Shi'ites & Sunnites) | |
| 518731862 | Umma | the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan | |
| 518731863 | Bushido | traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple living | |
| 518731864 | Chan Buddhism | Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society | |
| 518731865 | Champa Rice | Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.) | |
| 518731866 | Chang-an | City in the Wei Valley in eastern China. It became the capital of the Zhou kingdom and the Qin and early Han Empires. Its main features were imitated in the cities and towns that sprang up throughout the Han Empire. >(p. 164) | |
| 518731867 | Equal Field System | This Chinese system allotted land to individuals and their families according to the land's fertility and the recipients' needs. | |
| 518731868 | Fast ripening rice | acquired by Chinese through trade with Vietnam. ripens twice a year, which allowed farmers to harvest more crops. allowed China's population to expand | |
| 518731869 | Flying cash | Enabled merchants to deposit good or cash at one location and draw the equivalent in cash or merchandise elsewhere in China. | |
| 518731870 | Foot Binding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household | |
| 518731871 | Grand Canal | an inland waterway 1000 miles long in eastern China | |
| 518731872 | Hangzhou | Capital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million. | |
| 518731873 | Heian Japan | Mix of japanese ways and chinese influence; Japanese emperors held power but the Fujiwara family really controlled all political dealings through the emperors. During this time in Japan their learned chinese/wrote chinese/ read chinese etc.. | |
| 518731874 | Magnetic Compass | compass based on an indicator (as a magnetic needle) that points to the magnetic north | |
| 518731875 | Mahayana Buddhism | one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone | |
| 518731876 | Meritocracy | the belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth | |
| 518731877 | Moveable Type | Individual characters made of wood or metal that can be arranged to create a job for printing and then used over again | |
| 518731878 | Nara Japan | Japanese period (710-794) centered around city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese influence. | |
| 518731879 | Neo-Confucianism | term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism | |
| 518731880 | Paper Money | legal currency issued on paper; it developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins | |
| 518731881 | Porcelain | a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China | |
| 518731882 | Samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy | |
| 518731883 | Silla kingdom | Independent Korean kingdom in the southeast part of the peninsulal defeated Koguryo with the help of their chinese Tang allies; sumbitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; united Korea by 668. | |
| 518731884 | Shinto | the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma, the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma | |
| 518731885 | Song | the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279 | |
| 518731886 | Song economic revolution | A major economic quickening that played off PUMPER and the development of infrastructure to allow for an increasing amount of trade and manufacturing. | |
| 518731887 | Sui Dynasty | The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China | |
| 518731888 | Tang | the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907 | |
| 518731889 | The Tale of Genji | Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any languange; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor's son; evidence for mannered style of the Japanese society. | |
| 518731890 | Tributary | paying tribute | |
| 518731891 | Uighur | the script (derived from Aramaic) used to write the Uighur language | |
| 518731892 | Vietnam | a communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea | |
| 518731893 | Xuanzang | 712, Empress Wu's grandson, became emperor of China, welcomed artisans to his court, Tang arts flourished: translucent pottery - "china" | |
| 518731894 | Angkor War | Cambodia, Indu temple; Khmer architecture-sandstone material, Bas relief | |
| 518731895 | Axum | a town of northern Ethiopia. From the first to the eighth century A.D. it was the capital of an empire that controlled much of northern Ethiopia | |
| 518731896 | Calicut | Great spice port of India where da Gama landed and traded | |
| 518731897 | Chola Kingdom | Kingdom situated in the deep south. At its high point, Chola forces conquered Ceylon and parts of southeast Asia, funded by the profits of trade, dominated the sea, did not build a tightly centralized state. | |
| 518731898 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design | |
| 518731899 | Lateen Sail | a triangular fore-and-aft sail used especially in the Mediterranean | |
| 518731900 | Emporia | India being in the middle of the Indian Ocean it was a natural site for this and warehouses, traders exchanged their cargoes at Cambay, Calicut or Quilon for goods to take back west with the winter monsoon | |
| 518731901 | Funan | An early complex society in Southeast Asia between the first and sixth centuries C.E. It was centered in the rich rice-growing region of southern Vietnam, and it controlled the passage of trade across the Malaysian isthmus. (p. 191) | |
| 518731902 | Guilds | association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests | |
| 518731903 | Indian Ocean Trade | Large amounts of rade happened in this body of water between Arab, Persian, Turkish, Indian, African, Chinese, and Europe merchants. Particularly in the postclassical period 9600-1450) | |
| 518731904 | Jati | (Hinduism) a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India | |
| 518731905 | Java | a simple platform-independent object-oriented programming language used for writing applets that are downloaded from the World Wide Web by a client and run on the client's machine | |
| 518731906 | Junks | The large Chinese ships that were large enough to carry up to one thousand tons of cargo. | |
| 518731907 | Melaka | The first major center of Islam in Southeast Asia, a port kingdom on the southwestern coast of the Malay Peninsula. | |
| 518731908 | Shiva | (Judaism) a period of seven days of mourning after the death of close relative | |
| 518731909 | Srivijava | Kingdom from 670 - 1025 Based in Sumatra Powerful navy that controlled the commerce in SE Asia. | |
| 518731910 | Sultanate of Delhi | Unstable kingdom in North India founded by the Ghaznavids. This invasion was more systematic than Mahmud's and after it succedded, the capital was established at Delhi. Raided south India. 19 of 35 sultans were assasinated. Established Islam in India. No military or bureaucracy. | |
| 518731911 | Vishnu | preserver, A Hindu god considered the preserver of the world |
