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WHAP Unit 1 Test: Classical Period (~600 BCE to ~600 CE) Flashcards

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4841183140Hunslarge nomadic group from north north-Central Asia their armies conq Roman & Gupta Dynasties around 500 CE & china's Han Dynasty abt 220 CE0
4841190744Time of the Warring States700s-200s BCE, 500 yr period at end of the Zhou dynasty, no stability, greatly weakened China1
4841199654100 Schools of Philosophy500s BCE, daoism/legalism/confucianism, Sun tzu book during this time; developed during TOTWS to find ways to bring peace/stability to China2
4841205024Sun Tzuwrote The Art of War, military guide book still used today, 500s BCE3
4841212313Qin Shih Huang-ti259-210 BCE ruthless ruler, started Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), used legalism, burned books/confucian texts ended TOTWAS &united china w/ weights & measures, great roads, standard currency, language built great wall, TERRA-Cotta warriors in tomb, discovered gunpodwer searching for exilir of life4
4841229747Terra-Cotta Warriorsfound in huge tomb of Qin Shih Hunag-ti, a tone of them, stone, protected tomb5
4841233416Han Dynasty202 BCE - 200 CE (think 200 BCE-200CE) GOLDEN AGE of CHINA espec Wu-di, one of its rulers, best/most notable one from this dynasty Mandarin Chinese languae=used to unify empire6
4841241618Wu-ti140-87 BCE, one of Han Dyn's greatest rulers, made confucianism ruling philosophy again started merit exams, silk roads trade, silk & porcelain production7
4841250465Mandarin/Shiconfucian scholars, had to pass merit exams to become one, tied to govt as govt officials (like satraps); Han Dyn8
4841253876Silk Roadcomplex of trade routes tht stretched 4000 miles, had brances reahcing into India/Central Asia, from china connected Mediterranean & India; ideas, culture, religion, merhcnats, products traveled over these9
4841262305Paperdeveloped by Han (Golden Age of China)10
4841272732Magnetic Compassdeveloped by Han, good for traveling/sailing11
4841274655Porcelaindeveloped by Han12
4841274656Silkincreased its production, developed by Han, wanted by many places, spread thru silk roads & introduced to Mid East from it13
4841282889Merchants & Confuciusmerchants had low status bc greedy, community greater but r more concerned abt money, confucianism looked down on them but china needed them bc of their profits14
4841541377Ban Zhao~100 CE, wrote Lessons for Women, guidebook advising women to obey men, but educate themselves in order to help their husbands15
4841546504Confucianismduring 100 schools of thought, community greater than 1 self (similar to sheshin in Japan), filial piety, 5 relationships; guided ethical behavior16
4841546505Legalismduring 100 schools of thought, harsh ruthless method of thinking/ruling, based on idea tht highly efficient/powerful govt is key to social order17
4841546538Daoismduring 100 schools of thought; philosophy based on ideas of Chinese thinker, Laozi, who taught tht ppl should be guided by universal force, Dao18
4841566077The 3 WaysDaoism, Confucianism, Buddhism; not very religions, no afterlife; this was cornerstone of chinese philosophy in 20th century (d & c not missionary, budd was tho)19
4841567422Analectscollection of the sayings of confucius, collected by his students, most important book of confucianism20
48415727775 Relationshipsconfucius believed social order, harmony, good governt. sould be restored if society organized into 5 basic relationships 3/5 confucius's relationships were based on family focused on filial piety21
4841572778Confucius & Govtconfucianism tied to govt, huge influence on China's govt, respect for authority--form of social control, Merit exams based on confucianism had to be passed to become mandarin/shi or govt officials; social inequality justified, social mobility discouraged22
4841574635Shintonative religion of Japan, based on respect for the forces of nature & on the worship of ancestors believed in kami, divine spirits tht dwelled in nature Any unusual/espec beautiful tree, rock, waterfall, mountain considered a home of kami23
4841599607Buddhismsouth asia/india, started by Siddhartha Gautama, missionary religion, didnt enocurage caste system, philosophy, 4 noble truths, 8 fold path24
4841616465Siddhartha Gautamastarted Buddhism, abt 500 BCE25
4841628249Mauryan Dynasty323-185 BCE started by Chandragupta Maurya united North & Central India, traded silk (from China), spices, cotton cloth to mesopotamia & rome Ashoka, ruler during time Chandragupta Maurya filled power void left by Alexander when he left in 323 BCE after invading Hinduism & Caste sys solidified during Maurya & Vedas written down 500 BCE)26
4841628250Ashoka273 BCE won battle for succession in India, Mauryan Dynasty, expanded indian territory w/ brutal violence & regretted his actions converetd to Buddhism & spread it among his ppl Created the Rock & Pillar Edicts Encouraged moral behavior & worked to improve lives of his subjects w/ cultural projects Sent missionaries into Southeast Asia & China to spread Buddhism, but it eventually died out in India (remains strong elswhere in world)27
4841643571Rock & Pillar Edictscreated by Ashoka during Maurya Dynasty, carved on stones &placed around kingdom, encouraged moral behavior & buddhism28
4841643572Suttee/Satiwhen woman's husband died, she was expected to throw herself onto funeral flame to kill herself29
4841654511Gupta Dynasty320-500s CE, started by Chandra Gupta, (Gupta=Golden age); mauyra fell in 185 BCE, 5 centuries of no central power followed, then Gupta started30
4841665956Golden Age of Indiashakuntala by kalidasa, zero concept, "Arabic numerals", math, astronomy (knew world=round), medicine (inoculations, pharmacy, set broken bones) merhcnats spread Indian culture to SE Asia (ex=angkor wat),, merchants=respected/encouraged in india unlike CHINA)31
4841848646Medicine & Science in South Asia-Classical PeriodGupta, during golden age, Astronomy--> knew world=round medicine--> inoculations, pharmacy, surgery, set broken bones32
4841855028Kalidasawrote the play, Shakuntala, 1st play to allow women actors, during Golden Age of India (Gupta Dynasty)33
4841858858Persian Empire550-331 BCE; allowed local religions to practice (jews returned to palestine when they ruled it); last group to dominate mid east before alexander the great; they originated in central Asia, closely related to Aryans; settled in Iran abt 1000 BCE; tolerant ppl; nomadic ppl; domesticated horses & used to conq in war34
4841868907Cyrus the Greatstarted Persian empire (550-331 BCE); expanded from india to egypt (this was mainly done by Alexander the Great when he conquered them tho***)35
4841882952Satrapsocal govt officials, spies, bureaucrats; supervised the PERSIAN empire but rarely interfered36
4841897489Zoroastrianismreligion used by persians, started by zarathustra in 500s BCE, early form of monotheistic relgion, influenced judaism/christianity; ethical morality, constant struggle b/t good & evil Ahura Mazda=1 god, Avesta=holy text37
4841898433Avestaholy text of Zoroastrianism, influenced teachings of Judaism & Christianity (Ahura Mazda=God)38
4841898434Christianitystarted in 0, monotheistic, judgement day, heaven & hell, purgatory, monotheistic39
4841899371Bibleincludes first 5 books of torah, holy text of Christianity40
4841900715Jesus Christstarted Christianity, 0, God's son41
4841920243Constantinopleeast europe, capital, named for constantine lang= Greek alphabet= Cyrillic religion= Eastern Orthodoxy (was the richer/better half of the empire, this later became known as the BYZANTINE EMPIRE, lasted 1000 yrs)42
4841929519Byzantine Empireeastern half of roman empire, richer/better half, lasted 1000 yrs, constantinople=capital, started in 285 CE when diocletian divided roman empire, fell in 1453 to Ottoman Turks, Justinian=greatest ruler Culture=closer to persian & Mid East43
4841940284Orthodox Christianityseparate branch of Christianity, used in eastern part of empire but west used RCC, patriarch instead of pope, spread thruout empire44
4841950011Justinian(r. 527-565), constantinople's greatest ruler, reclaimed many former rmn lands by force include North Africa, Italy, part of Spain Unified much of old empire under 1 emperor Rebuilt city's fortifications, made invicible city tht would stymie invaders for a millenium rebuilt church-- Santa/Hagia Sophia Perhaps their greatest contribution=preservation of Greco-Roman classicis Admired learning, used classic books as texts Best known for their mosaics; often depicted religions items45
4841958463Justinian's Codebased on rmn law/trads, include notion tht person innocent til proven guilty Preserved rmn ideas tht mightve been lost46
4841966327Hagia/Santa Sophiajustinian rebuilt this increible church, still admired today Once christian church, later became muslim mosque47
4841971857Homerwrote the Illiad & the Odyssey--stories from this period, celebrated ideals tht helped shape their culture (honor & courage); Greece48
4841996406Athens~800 BCE, great civ centered in this polis peak= 500-300 BCE center of education, art, science, culture, ideas of political democ (this place was later conquered by Philip of Macedon-->338 BCE, son Alexander spread hellenism) 1st demoncracy in 510 BCE49
4842008152Greek Philosophy~500 BCE, 1 of biggest/most influential things tht came out of Greece, reason & rationalism, Humanism Intellectually, great contribution=move away from magic/superstition Socrates, Plato, Aristotle (philosophers) advanced r&r Promoted idea of the GOLDEN MEAN--middle ground b/t extremes Plays of Sophocles (Oedipus Rex, 400s BCE)/others popularized these ideas Reg ppl couldn't understand these ideas-->turned to array of anthropomorphic gods (mythology), had great gifts w/ human faults50
4842021666Golden Age of Pericles400s BCE, focused on arts/wanted to make Athens center/most beautiful, golden age of the time advanced all fields of science & arts--> not like the chinese who focused on production drama: sohphocles, odeipus rex--hubris, honor, courage math: euclid, pythagoras, archimedes philosophy: socrates, plato, aristotle--quesitoning architecture: parthenon (not perf to be perf) sculpture: marble, more realistic51
4842033166Euclidelements of geometry, 200s BCE, in Athens/golden age52
4842042330Reason & Rationalismidea tht humans could use brains to solve probs; during Age of Pericles53
4842046335SpartaAthens rival polis, military-focused, complete opposite, didnt care abt arts/intellectual, fought against athens in Peloponnesian Wars (400s)--won but both sides weakened, perisan wars (400s) fought w/ athens against persians & won54
4842055591Democracygreece created this form of govt in 510 BCE, limited democracy55
4842062060Philip of Macedonconquered the divided greeks in 338 BCE, after peloponnesian wars, son=alexander who spread hellenism56
4842123482Alexander the GreatPhilip's son, spread culture from Egypt to India thru conquests, set high standards, died in 323 BCE (same time as Mauryan Dyn in india)57
4842129682Hellenismgreek culture, spread thruout world from eygpt to india by alexander the great58
4842133401Greek-Roman Mythologypolythesitic, array of anthropomorphic gods (mythology), had great gifts w/ human faults, greeks used, romans adopted these & renamed many of the pagan gods59
4842140060Socratesused questioning as method for teaching, advanced ideas of reason, rationalism, humanism, during Age of pericles, great philosopher60
4842140061Parthenonbuilt by Pericles, not perfect so that it looks perfect, amazing architecture standing 2day61
4842148524Greco-Roman TraditionsGreek ideas/trads transferred to & cont by Romans (ex:gods) "West Civ" combined these 2 trads-->now as this culture62
4842154353Patriciansland-owning nobles (5-10% of roman social structure; top of it)63
4842155643Plebiansfree commoners, 2nd in rome's social structure64
4842204438Carthage/Hannibalpunic wars, 200s; fought against rome & almost defeated them but didnt (salt on farm land to destroy their land--rome did this)65
4842210465Roman Republic509-27 BCE, 1st phase; defeated etruscans who had ruled over rome & italy & started this republic where they elected officials/representative assembly to vote for the (500-0 BCE); around same time greeks started democ in 510 BCE in greece gradually took over italy, then mediterranean, mainly during empire phase tho66
4842212050Roman Empire27 BCE- 476 CE (0-500 CE), started by Octavian/Augustus (son of Julius Caesar) welcomed some conq ppl (wealthy), enslaved others (poor--33%of pop) stretched across europe from scotaland to turkey, north africa, mid east latin=lang which unified the empire great roads, trade, protected by roman legions 12 tables of rome so safe could travel anywhere67
484223891212 Table of Romelaw in roman empire, innocent until proven guilty68
4842241447Pax Romanaroman peace, GOLDEN AGE OF ROME-100 to 200 CE, peak=180 CE expanded as far as could, artistic/intellectual time copied greek styles often Poetry: Ovid (Metamorphoses) & Virgil (Aeneid) Architecture: coliseum, forum Astronomy: Ptolemy-map-making Roman legions spread civ across Europe; peace/prosperity under 1 supreme authority Good at engineering--roads, aqueducts, etc;; some last 1000 yrs69
4842256782Ptolemyastronomy, map-making; his map was used from 200 until 1400s during the start of exploration70
4842262468Edict of Milan313 CE, stated issued by Constantine, annoucned toleranceof christianity, no longer persecute them by 400, christianity=official religion of rome71
4842289735Virgilpoet during the Pax romana, Aeneid72
4842289736Diocletiandivided the roman empire in 285 CE, too large to defend west=rome & east=constantinople (differed from 1 another) West: rome= cap, latin=lang latin alphabet rcc, became vulnerable East: constantinople=cap, greek=land cyrillic alphabet, eastern orthodoxy, better/richer half73
4842307375Isolation/African Interiorinterior was protected by tsetse fly (deadly to pack anials) , africa on elevated plateau so hard to get to interior sahara=north isoalted sub-sarahan africa74
4842318054Berbersnomadic merchants in saharan desert in Africa, crossed desert, conducted trade b/t Mediterranean & interior75
4842322555Griotsstorytellers, historians, kept oral traditions/history/records of traditional societies (usually women)76
4842340495Kush Civstrong empire in Egypt from abt 900 BCE to 200 CE, center for ironworks & trade from its capital of Meroe conquered egypt in 650 BCE (Africa)77
4842345576Axum Empire300s-600s CE, trade center (Arabia, East Africa, the Nile) christian by 400s (long b4 europe) many converted to islam in 600s when it was expanding 1100s, Lalibela built underground churchs to avoid invaders in ethiopa, africa today78
4842350413Olmecpre-columbian society in central america from abt 1500-400 BCE built huge stone ehads of their leaders ritual ball game79
4842350414Ritual Ball Gamespolitical & religion significance, losing team was sacrificed to the gods80
4842352563Mesoamerican/Andean Culturesin Andes of South America, Norte Chico ppl developed full-fledged civ abt 3000 BCE-1800 BCE; no writing but used quipu passed elements of culture to future civs: Chavin, Nazca, Moche, Inca81
4842395519Time of the Warring States, China700s-200s BCE82
4842400093100 schools of thought, confucianism, daosim (china) buddhism, vedas (hinduism) written down (india) zoroastrianism (persia) start500s BCE83
4842403267Persian Empire (today Iran)550-331 BCE84
4842405152Alexander conquers india; hellenism arrives323 BCE85
4842405153Mauryan Dynasty in India323-185 BCE86
4842410562Qin Dynasty unifies china, ends TOTWAS, builds great wall (china) ashoka maurya, rock & pillar edicts (india)200s BCE87
4842411544Han Dynasty, golden age in china202 BCE- 220 CE88
4842413737Silk Roads trade, merit exams begin100s BCE89
4842414569Buddhism spreads in China100s CE90
4842415630Gupta Dynasty in India, golden age320-500s CE91
4842425306Greek Emmpire~750-150 BCE92
4842427028Greek philosophy, reason emerge~500 BCE93
4842428275Greek democ starts etruscans defeated in italy, roman republic starts510 BCE 509 BCE94
4842430434Roman Republic509-27 BCE95
4842430435Persian Wars, Age of Pericles, Peloponnesian wars400s BCE96
4842434278Philip of Macedon conqs Greeks, Alexander spreads Hellenism300s BCE97
4842436286Rome defeats Greeks150 BCE98
4842441174Augustus starts romn empire, lasted until 476 CE27 BCE99
4842441175Christianity begins & spreads0100
4842442107Peak of Pax Romana, Roman expansion180 CE101
4842444936Diocleatian divides empire in half, byzantine empire kinda begins285 CE102
4842444937Edict of Milan313 CE103
4842446132Fall of Rome476 CE104

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