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| 4841183140 | Huns | large nomadic group from north north-Central Asia their armies conq Roman & Gupta Dynasties around 500 CE & china's Han Dynasty abt 220 CE | 0 | |
| 4841190744 | Time of the Warring States | 700s-200s BCE, 500 yr period at end of the Zhou dynasty, no stability, greatly weakened China | 1 | |
| 4841199654 | 100 Schools of Philosophy | 500s BCE, daoism/legalism/confucianism, Sun tzu book during this time; developed during TOTWS to find ways to bring peace/stability to China | 2 | |
| 4841205024 | Sun Tzu | wrote The Art of War, military guide book still used today, 500s BCE | 3 | |
| 4841212313 | Qin Shih Huang-ti | 259-210 BCE ruthless ruler, started Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), used legalism, burned books/confucian texts ended TOTWAS &united china w/ weights & measures, great roads, standard currency, language built great wall, TERRA-Cotta warriors in tomb, discovered gunpodwer searching for exilir of life | 4 | |
| 4841229747 | Terra-Cotta Warriors | found in huge tomb of Qin Shih Hunag-ti, a tone of them, stone, protected tomb | 5 | |
| 4841233416 | Han Dynasty | 202 BCE - 200 CE (think 200 BCE-200CE) GOLDEN AGE of CHINA espec Wu-di, one of its rulers, best/most notable one from this dynasty Mandarin Chinese languae=used to unify empire | 6 | |
| 4841241618 | Wu-ti | 140-87 BCE, one of Han Dyn's greatest rulers, made confucianism ruling philosophy again started merit exams, silk roads trade, silk & porcelain production | 7 | |
| 4841250465 | Mandarin/Shi | confucian scholars, had to pass merit exams to become one, tied to govt as govt officials (like satraps); Han Dyn | 8 | |
| 4841253876 | Silk Road | complex of trade routes tht stretched 4000 miles, had brances reahcing into India/Central Asia, from china connected Mediterranean & India; ideas, culture, religion, merhcnats, products traveled over these | 9 | |
| 4841262305 | Paper | developed by Han (Golden Age of China) | 10 | |
| 4841272732 | Magnetic Compass | developed by Han, good for traveling/sailing | 11 | |
| 4841274655 | Porcelain | developed by Han | 12 | |
| 4841274656 | Silk | increased its production, developed by Han, wanted by many places, spread thru silk roads & introduced to Mid East from it | 13 | |
| 4841282889 | Merchants & Confucius | merchants had low status bc greedy, community greater but r more concerned abt money, confucianism looked down on them but china needed them bc of their profits | 14 | |
| 4841541377 | Ban Zhao | ~100 CE, wrote Lessons for Women, guidebook advising women to obey men, but educate themselves in order to help their husbands | 15 | |
| 4841546504 | Confucianism | during 100 schools of thought, community greater than 1 self (similar to sheshin in Japan), filial piety, 5 relationships; guided ethical behavior | 16 | |
| 4841546505 | Legalism | during 100 schools of thought, harsh ruthless method of thinking/ruling, based on idea tht highly efficient/powerful govt is key to social order | 17 | |
| 4841546538 | Daoism | during 100 schools of thought; philosophy based on ideas of Chinese thinker, Laozi, who taught tht ppl should be guided by universal force, Dao | 18 | |
| 4841566077 | The 3 Ways | Daoism, Confucianism, Buddhism; not very religions, no afterlife; this was cornerstone of chinese philosophy in 20th century (d & c not missionary, budd was tho) | 19 | |
| 4841567422 | Analects | collection of the sayings of confucius, collected by his students, most important book of confucianism | 20 | |
| 4841572777 | 5 Relationships | confucius believed social order, harmony, good governt. sould be restored if society organized into 5 basic relationships 3/5 confucius's relationships were based on family focused on filial piety | 21 | |
| 4841572778 | Confucius & Govt | confucianism tied to govt, huge influence on China's govt, respect for authority--form of social control, Merit exams based on confucianism had to be passed to become mandarin/shi or govt officials; social inequality justified, social mobility discouraged | 22 | |
| 4841574635 | Shinto | native religion of Japan, based on respect for the forces of nature & on the worship of ancestors believed in kami, divine spirits tht dwelled in nature Any unusual/espec beautiful tree, rock, waterfall, mountain considered a home of kami | 23 | |
| 4841599607 | Buddhism | south asia/india, started by Siddhartha Gautama, missionary religion, didnt enocurage caste system, philosophy, 4 noble truths, 8 fold path | 24 | |
| 4841616465 | Siddhartha Gautama | started Buddhism, abt 500 BCE | 25 | |
| 4841628249 | Mauryan Dynasty | 323-185 BCE started by Chandragupta Maurya united North & Central India, traded silk (from China), spices, cotton cloth to mesopotamia & rome Ashoka, ruler during time Chandragupta Maurya filled power void left by Alexander when he left in 323 BCE after invading Hinduism & Caste sys solidified during Maurya & Vedas written down 500 BCE) | 26 | |
| 4841628250 | Ashoka | 273 BCE won battle for succession in India, Mauryan Dynasty, expanded indian territory w/ brutal violence & regretted his actions converetd to Buddhism & spread it among his ppl Created the Rock & Pillar Edicts Encouraged moral behavior & worked to improve lives of his subjects w/ cultural projects Sent missionaries into Southeast Asia & China to spread Buddhism, but it eventually died out in India (remains strong elswhere in world) | 27 | |
| 4841643571 | Rock & Pillar Edicts | created by Ashoka during Maurya Dynasty, carved on stones &placed around kingdom, encouraged moral behavior & buddhism | 28 | |
| 4841643572 | Suttee/Sati | when woman's husband died, she was expected to throw herself onto funeral flame to kill herself | 29 | |
| 4841654511 | Gupta Dynasty | 320-500s CE, started by Chandra Gupta, (Gupta=Golden age); mauyra fell in 185 BCE, 5 centuries of no central power followed, then Gupta started | 30 | |
| 4841665956 | Golden Age of India | shakuntala by kalidasa, zero concept, "Arabic numerals", math, astronomy (knew world=round), medicine (inoculations, pharmacy, set broken bones) merhcnats spread Indian culture to SE Asia (ex=angkor wat),, merchants=respected/encouraged in india unlike CHINA) | 31 | |
| 4841848646 | Medicine & Science in South Asia-Classical Period | Gupta, during golden age, Astronomy--> knew world=round medicine--> inoculations, pharmacy, surgery, set broken bones | 32 | |
| 4841855028 | Kalidasa | wrote the play, Shakuntala, 1st play to allow women actors, during Golden Age of India (Gupta Dynasty) | 33 | |
| 4841858858 | Persian Empire | 550-331 BCE; allowed local religions to practice (jews returned to palestine when they ruled it); last group to dominate mid east before alexander the great; they originated in central Asia, closely related to Aryans; settled in Iran abt 1000 BCE; tolerant ppl; nomadic ppl; domesticated horses & used to conq in war | 34 | |
| 4841868907 | Cyrus the Great | started Persian empire (550-331 BCE); expanded from india to egypt (this was mainly done by Alexander the Great when he conquered them tho***) | 35 | |
| 4841882952 | Satraps | ocal govt officials, spies, bureaucrats; supervised the PERSIAN empire but rarely interfered | 36 | |
| 4841897489 | Zoroastrianism | religion used by persians, started by zarathustra in 500s BCE, early form of monotheistic relgion, influenced judaism/christianity; ethical morality, constant struggle b/t good & evil Ahura Mazda=1 god, Avesta=holy text | 37 | |
| 4841898433 | Avesta | holy text of Zoroastrianism, influenced teachings of Judaism & Christianity (Ahura Mazda=God) | 38 | |
| 4841898434 | Christianity | started in 0, monotheistic, judgement day, heaven & hell, purgatory, monotheistic | 39 | |
| 4841899371 | Bible | includes first 5 books of torah, holy text of Christianity | 40 | |
| 4841900715 | Jesus Christ | started Christianity, 0, God's son | 41 | |
| 4841920243 | Constantinople | east europe, capital, named for constantine lang= Greek alphabet= Cyrillic religion= Eastern Orthodoxy (was the richer/better half of the empire, this later became known as the BYZANTINE EMPIRE, lasted 1000 yrs) | 42 | |
| 4841929519 | Byzantine Empire | eastern half of roman empire, richer/better half, lasted 1000 yrs, constantinople=capital, started in 285 CE when diocletian divided roman empire, fell in 1453 to Ottoman Turks, Justinian=greatest ruler Culture=closer to persian & Mid East | 43 | |
| 4841940284 | Orthodox Christianity | separate branch of Christianity, used in eastern part of empire but west used RCC, patriarch instead of pope, spread thruout empire | 44 | |
| 4841950011 | Justinian | (r. 527-565), constantinople's greatest ruler, reclaimed many former rmn lands by force include North Africa, Italy, part of Spain Unified much of old empire under 1 emperor Rebuilt city's fortifications, made invicible city tht would stymie invaders for a millenium rebuilt church-- Santa/Hagia Sophia Perhaps their greatest contribution=preservation of Greco-Roman classicis Admired learning, used classic books as texts Best known for their mosaics; often depicted religions items | 45 | |
| 4841958463 | Justinian's Code | based on rmn law/trads, include notion tht person innocent til proven guilty Preserved rmn ideas tht mightve been lost | 46 | |
| 4841966327 | Hagia/Santa Sophia | justinian rebuilt this increible church, still admired today Once christian church, later became muslim mosque | 47 | |
| 4841971857 | Homer | wrote the Illiad & the Odyssey--stories from this period, celebrated ideals tht helped shape their culture (honor & courage); Greece | 48 | |
| 4841996406 | Athens | ~800 BCE, great civ centered in this polis peak= 500-300 BCE center of education, art, science, culture, ideas of political democ (this place was later conquered by Philip of Macedon-->338 BCE, son Alexander spread hellenism) 1st demoncracy in 510 BCE | 49 | |
| 4842008152 | Greek Philosophy | ~500 BCE, 1 of biggest/most influential things tht came out of Greece, reason & rationalism, Humanism Intellectually, great contribution=move away from magic/superstition Socrates, Plato, Aristotle (philosophers) advanced r&r Promoted idea of the GOLDEN MEAN--middle ground b/t extremes Plays of Sophocles (Oedipus Rex, 400s BCE)/others popularized these ideas Reg ppl couldn't understand these ideas-->turned to array of anthropomorphic gods (mythology), had great gifts w/ human faults | 50 | |
| 4842021666 | Golden Age of Pericles | 400s BCE, focused on arts/wanted to make Athens center/most beautiful, golden age of the time advanced all fields of science & arts--> not like the chinese who focused on production drama: sohphocles, odeipus rex--hubris, honor, courage math: euclid, pythagoras, archimedes philosophy: socrates, plato, aristotle--quesitoning architecture: parthenon (not perf to be perf) sculpture: marble, more realistic | 51 | |
| 4842033166 | Euclid | elements of geometry, 200s BCE, in Athens/golden age | 52 | |
| 4842042330 | Reason & Rationalism | idea tht humans could use brains to solve probs; during Age of Pericles | 53 | |
| 4842046335 | Sparta | Athens rival polis, military-focused, complete opposite, didnt care abt arts/intellectual, fought against athens in Peloponnesian Wars (400s)--won but both sides weakened, perisan wars (400s) fought w/ athens against persians & won | 54 | |
| 4842055591 | Democracy | greece created this form of govt in 510 BCE, limited democracy | 55 | |
| 4842062060 | Philip of Macedon | conquered the divided greeks in 338 BCE, after peloponnesian wars, son=alexander who spread hellenism | 56 | |
| 4842123482 | Alexander the Great | Philip's son, spread culture from Egypt to India thru conquests, set high standards, died in 323 BCE (same time as Mauryan Dyn in india) | 57 | |
| 4842129682 | Hellenism | greek culture, spread thruout world from eygpt to india by alexander the great | 58 | |
| 4842133401 | Greek-Roman Mythology | polythesitic, array of anthropomorphic gods (mythology), had great gifts w/ human faults, greeks used, romans adopted these & renamed many of the pagan gods | 59 | |
| 4842140060 | Socrates | used questioning as method for teaching, advanced ideas of reason, rationalism, humanism, during Age of pericles, great philosopher | 60 | |
| 4842140061 | Parthenon | built by Pericles, not perfect so that it looks perfect, amazing architecture standing 2day | 61 | |
| 4842148524 | Greco-Roman Traditions | Greek ideas/trads transferred to & cont by Romans (ex:gods) "West Civ" combined these 2 trads-->now as this culture | 62 | |
| 4842154353 | Patricians | land-owning nobles (5-10% of roman social structure; top of it) | 63 | |
| 4842155643 | Plebians | free commoners, 2nd in rome's social structure | 64 | |
| 4842204438 | Carthage/Hannibal | punic wars, 200s; fought against rome & almost defeated them but didnt (salt on farm land to destroy their land--rome did this) | 65 | |
| 4842210465 | Roman Republic | 509-27 BCE, 1st phase; defeated etruscans who had ruled over rome & italy & started this republic where they elected officials/representative assembly to vote for the (500-0 BCE); around same time greeks started democ in 510 BCE in greece gradually took over italy, then mediterranean, mainly during empire phase tho | 66 | |
| 4842212050 | Roman Empire | 27 BCE- 476 CE (0-500 CE), started by Octavian/Augustus (son of Julius Caesar) welcomed some conq ppl (wealthy), enslaved others (poor--33%of pop) stretched across europe from scotaland to turkey, north africa, mid east latin=lang which unified the empire great roads, trade, protected by roman legions 12 tables of rome so safe could travel anywhere | 67 | |
| 4842238912 | 12 Table of Rome | law in roman empire, innocent until proven guilty | 68 | |
| 4842241447 | Pax Romana | roman peace, GOLDEN AGE OF ROME-100 to 200 CE, peak=180 CE expanded as far as could, artistic/intellectual time copied greek styles often Poetry: Ovid (Metamorphoses) & Virgil (Aeneid) Architecture: coliseum, forum Astronomy: Ptolemy-map-making Roman legions spread civ across Europe; peace/prosperity under 1 supreme authority Good at engineering--roads, aqueducts, etc;; some last 1000 yrs | 69 | |
| 4842256782 | Ptolemy | astronomy, map-making; his map was used from 200 until 1400s during the start of exploration | 70 | |
| 4842262468 | Edict of Milan | 313 CE, stated issued by Constantine, annoucned toleranceof christianity, no longer persecute them by 400, christianity=official religion of rome | 71 | |
| 4842289735 | Virgil | poet during the Pax romana, Aeneid | 72 | |
| 4842289736 | Diocletian | divided the roman empire in 285 CE, too large to defend west=rome & east=constantinople (differed from 1 another) West: rome= cap, latin=lang latin alphabet rcc, became vulnerable East: constantinople=cap, greek=land cyrillic alphabet, eastern orthodoxy, better/richer half | 73 | |
| 4842307375 | Isolation/African Interior | interior was protected by tsetse fly (deadly to pack anials) , africa on elevated plateau so hard to get to interior sahara=north isoalted sub-sarahan africa | 74 | |
| 4842318054 | Berbers | nomadic merchants in saharan desert in Africa, crossed desert, conducted trade b/t Mediterranean & interior | 75 | |
| 4842322555 | Griots | storytellers, historians, kept oral traditions/history/records of traditional societies (usually women) | 76 | |
| 4842340495 | Kush Civ | strong empire in Egypt from abt 900 BCE to 200 CE, center for ironworks & trade from its capital of Meroe conquered egypt in 650 BCE (Africa) | 77 | |
| 4842345576 | Axum Empire | 300s-600s CE, trade center (Arabia, East Africa, the Nile) christian by 400s (long b4 europe) many converted to islam in 600s when it was expanding 1100s, Lalibela built underground churchs to avoid invaders in ethiopa, africa today | 78 | |
| 4842350413 | Olmec | pre-columbian society in central america from abt 1500-400 BCE built huge stone ehads of their leaders ritual ball game | 79 | |
| 4842350414 | Ritual Ball Games | political & religion significance, losing team was sacrificed to the gods | 80 | |
| 4842352563 | Mesoamerican/Andean Cultures | in Andes of South America, Norte Chico ppl developed full-fledged civ abt 3000 BCE-1800 BCE; no writing but used quipu passed elements of culture to future civs: Chavin, Nazca, Moche, Inca | 81 | |
| 4842395519 | Time of the Warring States, China | 700s-200s BCE | 82 | |
| 4842400093 | 100 schools of thought, confucianism, daosim (china) buddhism, vedas (hinduism) written down (india) zoroastrianism (persia) start | 500s BCE | 83 | |
| 4842403267 | Persian Empire (today Iran) | 550-331 BCE | 84 | |
| 4842405152 | Alexander conquers india; hellenism arrives | 323 BCE | 85 | |
| 4842405153 | Mauryan Dynasty in India | 323-185 BCE | 86 | |
| 4842410562 | Qin Dynasty unifies china, ends TOTWAS, builds great wall (china) ashoka maurya, rock & pillar edicts (india) | 200s BCE | 87 | |
| 4842411544 | Han Dynasty, golden age in china | 202 BCE- 220 CE | 88 | |
| 4842413737 | Silk Roads trade, merit exams begin | 100s BCE | 89 | |
| 4842414569 | Buddhism spreads in China | 100s CE | 90 | |
| 4842415630 | Gupta Dynasty in India, golden age | 320-500s CE | 91 | |
| 4842425306 | Greek Emmpire | ~750-150 BCE | 92 | |
| 4842427028 | Greek philosophy, reason emerge | ~500 BCE | 93 | |
| 4842428275 | Greek democ starts etruscans defeated in italy, roman republic starts | 510 BCE 509 BCE | 94 | |
| 4842430434 | Roman Republic | 509-27 BCE | 95 | |
| 4842430435 | Persian Wars, Age of Pericles, Peloponnesian wars | 400s BCE | 96 | |
| 4842434278 | Philip of Macedon conqs Greeks, Alexander spreads Hellenism | 300s BCE | 97 | |
| 4842436286 | Rome defeats Greeks | 150 BCE | 98 | |
| 4842441174 | Augustus starts romn empire, lasted until 476 CE | 27 BCE | 99 | |
| 4842441175 | Christianity begins & spreads | 0 | 100 | |
| 4842442107 | Peak of Pax Romana, Roman expansion | 180 CE | 101 | |
| 4842444936 | Diocleatian divides empire in half, byzantine empire kinda begins | 285 CE | 102 | |
| 4842444937 | Edict of Milan | 313 CE | 103 | |
| 4842446132 | Fall of Rome | 476 CE | 104 |
