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| 198657279 | Hammurabi's Code | A legal code developed by King Hammurabi of Mesopotamia. The code was influential in the establishment of Hebrew and Islamic law and in the U.S. judiciary system. It specified crimes and punishments to help judges impose penalties. | 0 | |
| 198657280 | bureaucracy | system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials | 1 | |
| 198657281 | Meritocracy | a form of social system in which power goes to those with superior intellects | 2 | |
| 198657282 | Qin Shiuangdi | Unified the Chinese world, rebuilt the Great Wall | 3 | |
| 198657283 | Gupta Dynasty | Ruling family in India during its golden age. Responsible for many achievements | 4 | |
| 198657284 | Mauryan Dynasty | The first united Indian state, founded by Chandragupta in 324 BC, after Alexander's defeat of weakened India; it lasted for more than 100 years, before it declined, and fell in 183 BC | 5 | |
| 198657285 | Epic Age | 1000-500 B.C.E. in India. The two important epics of the time were Mahabharata and Ramayana. | 6 | |
| 198657286 | Vedic Age | A period in the history of India; It was a period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth. | 7 | |
| 198657287 | The Great Wall | a vast Chinese defensive fortification begun in the 3rd century B.C. and running along the northern border of the country for 2,400 km | 8 | |
| 198657288 | Angra Mainyu | Zarathustra's name for the destructive spirit, the devil; also known as Ahriman. | 9 | |
| 198657289 | Ahura Mazda | Name of the God in Zoroastrianism. He has six attributed called his "Amesh Spentos" which include: Divine Law, Powerful, Beneviolent, Pure, Perfect, and Immortal. | 10 | |
| 198657290 | Zoroastrianism | dual gods of equal power to form early monotheism; Persian; cosmic struggle over good and bad; those that do good go to heaven and bad go to hell; influenced Judaism and Christianity | 11 | |
| 198657291 | the Royal Road | Ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt by the Persian king Darius I of the Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century B.C. Darius built the road to facilitate rapid communication throughout his very large empire. | 12 | |
| 198657292 | Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha | 13 | |
| 198657293 | Chandra Gupta | laid the foundations laid for the Gupta empire, he forged alliances with powerful families in the Ganges Region and established a dynamic kingdom about the year 320 C.E. | 14 | |
| 198657294 | Ashoka Maurya | The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, he took the Mauryan Empire to its height. Famously converted to Buddhism after the deadly Kalinga Wars | 15 | |
| 198657295 | Chandragupta Maurya | He founded India's first empire(Mauryan Empire). He was an Indian prince who conquered a large area in the Ganges River valley soon after Alexander invaded western India. | 16 | |
| 198657296 | Wang Mang | interrupted Han rule for around 15 years to rule China; tried helping the poor by establishing granaries and land reform. | 17 | |
| 198657297 | Han Wudi | The most important Han Emperor. Expanded the Empire in all directions. Created the Civil Service System. Established Public Schools. | 18 | |
| 198657298 | Han Feizi | A student of the Confucian scholar Xunzi, a systematic Legalist theorist. Served as an advisor at the Qin court, but fell to ambitious men who made him take poison. | 19 | |
| 198657299 | Laozi | The "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Taoism (Daoism). | 20 | |
| 198657301 | Confucius | chinese philosphere and teacher; his belifs,known as confusoinism greatly influenced chinese life | 21 | |
| 198657302 | Xerxes | son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C. | 22 | |
| 198657303 | Darius | The great king of Persia. He was able to become a king after a year of a civil war following the death of someone. He is responsible for the expansion of Persia. He made a province in western India and expanded Persia as far north as Macedonia | 23 | |
| 198657304 | Cyrus | King of Persians; expanded the Persian Empire from Afghanistan to the Aegean Sea | 24 | |
| 198657308 | Yellow River | River in China at a high plateau in Tibet. Loess soil carried by the river, gave river it's name, very fertile. "China's sorrow" when it had extensive flooding. | 25 | |
| 198657309 | Indian Caste System | divided society into groups based on birth, occupation and wealth | 26 | |
| 198657310 | Upanishads | A group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe. | 27 | |
| 198657311 | The Lawbook of Manu | manual that dealt with the place of proper moral behavior and social relationships, as well as sexual and gender relationships and their place in Vedic Society; reflects the ideals of the time | 28 | |
| 198657312 | Vedas | Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. | 29 | |
| 198657313 | "Aryan invasion" theory | Speculation originally advanced by western scholars that the vedas were written by people invading India rather than by people already there. | 30 | |
| 198657314 | "Mandate of Heaven" | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source | 31 | |
| 198657315 | steppe | a dry, grassy, treeless plain found in Asia and eastern Europe | 32 | |
| 198657316 | loess | a fine-grained unstratified accumulation of clay and silt deposited by the wind | 33 | |
| 198657317 | asceticism | the idea of self denial, self sacrifice, even self mutilation that was done to communicate with the gods and began to take the place of sacrifice in ancient India | 34 | |
| 198657318 | Moksha | The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths. | 35 | |
| 198657319 | Karma | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation | 36 | |
| 198657320 | Samsara | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the endless cycle of birth and suffering and death and rebirth | 37 | |
| 198657321 | Varna | (Hinduism) the name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups (which are subdivided into thousands of jatis) | 38 | |
| 198657322 | Sanskrit | the most important language of ancient India | 39 | |
| 198657323 | Brahman | a member of the highest of the four Hindu varnas | 40 | |
| 198657324 | Dravidians | one of the main groups of people in India; probably descended from the Indus River culture that flourished at the dawn of Indian civilization over 4,000 yrs. ago | 41 | |
| 198657325 | Aryans | nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system | 42 | |
| 198657326 | Epic of Gilgamesh | The world's oldest literary masterpiece, it centered about the King of Uruk. The book was made up of a series of adventures that focused around the themes of friendship, loyalty, ambition, and fear of death. | 43 |
