This is a quiz prep for World Civilization. We use The Essential World History Sixth Edition book for this course.
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| 204302562 | What was the name given to the area that contains Mesopotamia? | "The Fertile Crescent" | 1 | |
| 204302563 | What is Cuneiform? | One of the earliest forms of writing, (probably) invented in Uruk, Mesopotamia around 3000 BC. The symbols are formed from wedge-shaped objects pressed into soft clay tablets which are then fired (accidentally or intentionally). | 2 | |
| 204302564 | What is a Ziggurat? | A temple built atop a massive stepped tower dedicated to the chief god or goddess of a city. Though ziggurats were temples for gods, they were not a place that citizens were allowed to worship at. They were thought of as the home of the god, and only priests were allowed in or on a ziggurat. One of the most famous ziggurats is that from the city of Ur. | 3 | |
| 204302565 | List the seven causes of civilization. | 1. Urban focus. 2. New political and military structures. 3. New social structures based on economic power. 4. Specialized work force. 5. Religious structure. 6. Writing. 7. Artistic and intellectual activity. | 4 | |
| 204302566 | What was the Epic of Gilgamesh? | The Epic of Gilgamesh is, perhaps, the oldest written story on Earth. It comes to us from Ancient Sumeria, and was originally written on 12 clay tablets in cunieform script. It is about the adventures of the historical King of Uruk (somewhere between 2750 and 2500 BCE). | 5 | |
| 204302567 | What was Gilgamesh searching for? | In The Epic of Gilgamesh the main character, Gilgamesh, is searching for immortality. | 6 | |
| 204302568 | Who was Hammurabi? | Hammurabi was the first king of the Babylonian Empire (which included Mesopotamia). His idea was to divide and conquer his enemies with an army of foot soldiers who carried axes, spears, and daggers. He built temples, defensive walls, irrigation canals, encouraged trade, brought about an economic revival. | 7 | |
| 204302569 | What did Hammurabi write? | 282 laws written in cuneiform called "The Code of Hammurabi". | 8 | |
| 204302570 | What is Lex Talionis? | The principle or law of retaliation that a punishment inflicted should correspond in degree and kind to the offense of the wrongdoer, as an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth; retributive justice. | 9 | |
| 204302571 | Give an example of one of the Lex of Talionis laws. | If a free man has destroyed the eye of a member of the aristocracy, they shall destroy his eye | 10 | |
| 204302572 | What are the two reasons we discuss the Hebrews? | 1. They didn't follow the rules. 2. Their religious ideals have massive impact on world history. | 11 | |
| 204302573 | Where is the Jewish homeland? | Israel | 12 | |
| 204302574 | Who is Abraham? | A herder, trader, who lived in Ur (a Mesopotamian city). (The father of the Jews who was chosen by God to be the first Jewish person.) | 13 | |
| 204302575 | Who is Moses? | Moses is an Israelite leader whom the Torah credits with leading the Israelite from Egypt to Canaan (the promised land). Received the Ten Commandments. | 14 | |
| 204302576 | Between Abraham and Moses who is given more attention? | Moses | 15 | |
| 204302577 | Discuss the actions of both David and Solomon. | David extended the kingdom by war, made Jerusalem the capital, and drew up plans for Temple. Solomon asserted federal power over tribal power and preserved the kingdom through peace. | 16 | |
| 204302578 | After Solomon's reign Israel splits. What are these two parts? Who is included? Where? | Israel in the north (larger/wealthier) and Judah in the south (smaller/more united) | 17 | |
| 204302579 | Discuss the three main groupings of modern Jews. | 1. Orthodox - believe law came from God and can not be changed 2. Conservative - believe the laws can change 3. Reformed - do not believe that the Torah was written by God | 18 | |
| 204302580 | What is Olam Ha-Ba? | Olam Ha-Ba is the world to come or the spiritual world that souls go to after death. | 19 | |
| 204302581 | What does Kemet mean? | black land | 20 | |
| 204302582 | What is a Pharoah? | A "king" who sat at the top of the social and political order, acted as commander-in-chief and controlled all military occupations. He/she was much more than just the head of state. He/she also helped maintain 'Maat' - the divine order in the world. Without the pharaoh, The Egyptians believed that the world would descend into chaos. | 21 | |
| 204302583 | Name and discuss the three Kingdoms. | 1. The Old Kingdom - When Egypt was first unified under a Pharaoh from Upper Egypt (the south), the Pharaohs had great deal of power over their subjects, the capital was at Memphis. Pharaohs organized the first systematic irrigation from the Nile river, the Pyramids were built in this period as great tombs for the Pharaohs. 2. The Middle Kingdom - Was formed after wars between Upper Egypt (the South) and Lower Egypt (the North) ended. The rulers of Upper Egypt won, and reunified the country, with the capital first at Thebes in the south, and then at a new city just south of Memphis. The Pharaohs of this period are not as powerful. They show themselves as taking care of their people, instead of as god-kings. They are the shepherds of the people now. The nomarchs (local officials) are powerful. Jerusalem, Jericho and Syria first come under Egyptian influence. 3. The New Kingdom - The reunification of Egypt by the southerner Ahmose and the expulsion of the Hyksos. At this time there was a great deal of trade with Western Asia, and Egyptian armies even conquered much of Israel and Syria, though they were constantly fighting the Hittites and Assyrians to keep control of it. Great temples were built all over Egypt. The Egyptian queens were very powerful at this time. | 22 | |
| 204302584 | Who was Akhenaten and what did he do? Why? | Son of Pharaoh Amenhotep III that decreed that Aten was the only god, and later campaigned against all the other gods and religions. He claimed he was the only person able to converse with his god. He did this to take back control of religion and give back the power of being a king. Son was King Tut. | 23 | |
| 204302585 | What are Hieroglyphics? | Sacred characters used as picture signs that depicted objects and had a sacred value that was usually carved in stone. | 24 | |
| 204302586 | Describe the three processes of mummification? | 1. Announcement of Death 2. Embalming the Body 3. Removal of Brain 4. Removal of Internal Organs 5. Drying Out Process 6. Wrapping of the Body 7. Final Procession - (opening the mouth and weighing the heart) | 25 | |
| 204302587 | What is the role of death in Egyptian society? | Ancient Egyptian culture had complex beliefs concerning death and the afterlife, which evolved over thousands of years. The Egyptians envisioned the afterlife as a continuation of one's earthly life; death was not a final state, but a transitional stage in the cycle of life from the world of the living to the world of the dead. Egyptian belief encompassed strict protocols for burials and funerary rituals to ensure the continued existence of the individual in the world beyond. "Ka" and "Ba". The passage to the afterlife was complex and dangerous. The deceased had to pass a series of difficult tests, aided by instructions from the Book of the Dead, protective amulets, and talismans. Final judgment took place before Osiris, the god of the dead. In the final judgment, the deceased's heart was weighed against the feather of truth. If the scale balanced, Osiris permitted the deceased to enter the Field of Reeds, a paradisiacal world of plenty. If the heart was heavy with sin, the crocodile-headed monster Ammit (Eater of the Dead) devoured the deceased and his/her afterlife ended in torment and shame. | 26 | |
| 204302588 | Discuss the Horus Osiris cycle and what it meant for religion and politics in Egypt. | If all pharaohs are kings - and all kings are gods then all kings are Horus (son of Osiris and Isis) - So when a living king dies his son becomes king or Horus and so on... Horus is to maintain Mo'at. Because of this death is embraced and people celebrate it because of the cycle. | 27 | |
| 204302589 | If you were evil what happened to you in the afterlife? | Final judgment took place before Osiris, the god of the dead. In the final judgment, the deceased's heart was weighed against the feather of truth. If the heart was heavy with sin, the crocodile-headed monster Ammit (Eater of the Dead) devoured the deceased and his/her afterlife ended in torment and shame. | 28 |
