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World History AP 18, 19, 20 Test Flashcards

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111172202AsiaName the territory that was added to Russia.0
111172203Duchy of MoscowName the political center that served as the focal point for the Russian liberation from the Mongols1
111172204Ivan IIIName the Russian ruler that was a large part of Russia freed from Mongol control in the 15th century.2
111172205Byzantine EmpireName the government that Ivan the Great claims to have succeeded as the "Third Rome".3
111172206RomeName the empire that Ivan the Terrible declared that the Russian empire was the successor to.4
111172207Peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in the Byzantine Empire following the death of Ivan IVDefine Cossacks.5
111172208Russian boyars attempted to limit tsarist autocracy and gain governing rights for themselvesExplain the Time of Troubles.6
111172209The Romanov FamilyName the family that was selected in 1613 to establish a new ruling dynasty in Russia.7
111172210Alexis RomanovName the tsar responsible for the abolition of the assemblies of the nobles and reform of the Orthodox Church.8
111172211Russians who refused to accept tsarist reforms of the Orthodox Church and who were exiled to Siberia for their conservatismExplain who the Old Believers were.9
111172212Streamlined bureaucracy, Recognized militaryExplain the political aspects of Western culture that Peter the Great emulated in Russia.10
111172213BalticName the sea that became critical in the development of Russian power during the reign of Peter the Great.11
111172214St. PetersburgName the place where Peter the Great established a new capital for Russia.12
111172215mining, metallurgical industriesName the industries where Peter the Great's program of economic development was concentrated.13
111172216Catherine the GreatName the next powerful ruler of Russia after Peter the Great's death.14
111172217RadishevName the radical who urged the abolition of serfdom during the reign of Catherine the Great.15
111172218Parts of Siberia, Poland, The Pacific Coast of North America as far south as California, AlaskaName the areas that were colonized or claimed by the Russian empire during the reign of Catherine the Great.16
111172219Poland, Russia, Prussia, AustriaName the countries that participated in the successive partitions of Poland.17
1111722201649Name the year that Russian serfdom became hereditary.18
111172221The labor obligation of Russian peasants to lords or the stateDefine obrok.19
11117222295Name the percentage of the Russian population that remained rural in the 18th century.20
111172223Led the Russian peasant rebellionExplain what Pugachev did in the 1770s.21
111172224Lack of technological improvementList the primary limitations on the expansion of the agricultural economy.22
111172225CaribbeanExplain where in the Americas the Spanish created the models that were applied throughout their possessions in the New World.23
111172226Grants of Indians to individual Spaniards in a kind of serfdomDefine encomiendas.24
111172227TainoName the group of Indians that supplied agricultural labor for the Spaniards in the Caribbean.25
111172228Converted natives to Christianity. Initiated the struggle for justice for the IndiansDescribe what friar Bartolom e' de Las Casas did for the Indians.26
111172229Hernan CortesName the person responsible for the conquest of the Aztec empire in Mexico.27
111172230The traditional Indian nobility remained in place, supported by Spanish authority, as middle men between the tax and labor demands of the new rulers, and the majority of the populationName the Indian institutions that were retained by the Spanish to serve European administration purposes28
111172231The colonial governments replaced the labor of the encomiendas with Indian labor extracted through local officials to work on state projects, like churches, mines, etc.Explain the mita.29
111172232Potosi' in Upper PeruName where the greatest silver mine was located.30
111172233Spanish America remained predominately an agrarian economy. Where large sedentary populations lived, Indian communal agriculture of traditional crops continued. As populations dwindled, Spanish ranches and farms began to emerge, finding land ownership more attractive. South American was known mainly for sugar and latercacao, not as a producer of wheat or rye. Crops exported to Europe from Spanish America made up only a small fraction of the value of the exports in comparison with silverCharacterize the agricultural system of Spanish America.31
111172234Led to the sharp rise in prices and a general inflation, first in Spain and then throughout western EuropeExplain how the importation of American bullion negatively affected the Spanish.32
111172235Letrados, university trained lawyersName the group of people who were most critical to the bureaucratic administration of the Spanish colonies in America.33
111172236Codified the laws into the basis for government in the colonies. Viceroys subdivided into 10 judicial divisions controlled by superior courtsExplain the Recopilacion.34
111172237Superior courtsDefine audiencias.35
111172238The construction of Baroque churches. Universities. The Printing press. MonasteriesList what the Catholic Church introduced to American life.36
111172239Pedro Alvares CabralName who caused the first landfall in the colony of Brazil in 1500.37
111172240Strips of land granted to the Portugese noblesDefine the captaincies.38
111172241halfName the proportion of the Brazilian population that made up the slaves.39
111172242Unlike the Spanish empire that was almost exclusively American, the Portugese empire included colonies and outposts in Asia and Africa, as well as Brazil. Unlike Spanish America, Brazil had neither universities nor printing pressesName the primary difference between the Spanish and Portuguese empires.40
111172243Dutch, English, and French had established their own sugar plantation colonies in the Caribbean and were producing sugar, with slave labor. This competition led to a rising price for slaves and a falling world price for sugar, undercutting the Brazilian sugar industriesName the conditions that undercut the position of the Brazilian sugar plantation economy.41
111172244Rio de JaneiroName the port that was associated with the discovery of gold in Brazil and subsequently became the capital of the colony.42
111172245Portugal could buy the manufactured goods it needed for itself and its colonies, as few industries were developed in the mother country. As a result, much of the Brazilian gold flowed from Portugal to England to pay for manufactured goods and to compensate for trade imbalance because the value of English manufacturers was greater than that of Portuguese wineExplain the negative impact of the discovery of gold on Portugal.43
111172246Opened trade to many ports in Spain and the Indies, although trade was still restricted to Spaniards or to ships sailing under Spanish licenseExplain the intent of the reformed Spanish policy of commercio libre44
111172247French Intendancy system was introduced. Government improved, but the traditional patterns of influence and power among the Creole bureaucrats was disruptedList the Spanish reforms in the Americas in the 18th century.45
111172248Abbasid, Ottoman, Mughal, Safavid, Seljuk TurksList the early modern Islamic empires46
111172249The Seljuk TurksName the group that dominated the Abbasid dynasty prior to the Mongol invasions.47
111172250AnatoliaName the original base of the Ottoman Turks.48
111172251Mehmed 1Name who restored the Ottoman empire following the Timurid invasions.49
1111722521453Name the year the Ottomans conquered Constantinople and ended the Byzantine empire.50
111172253Slave troops of the ottoman forcibly conscripted as adolescents from conquered territoriesDefine Janissaries51
111172254VizierName the head of the Ottoman central bureaucracy52
111172255SuleymaniyeName one of the most beautiful of the Ottoman mosques of Constantinople.53
111172256TurkishName the chosen language of the Ottoman court.54
11117225716thName the century when the Ottoman galleys were eclipsed by Western naval power.55
111172258PortugalName the European nation that first threatened the Ottoman monopoly of trade with East Africa and India.56
111172259janissariesName the group that represented such extreme conservatism within the Ottoman empire that reform was frustrated.57
111172260IranName the center of the Safavid empire (modern day state).58
111172261SufiName the variant of Islam the Safavid dynasty began from.59
1111722621501Name the year that the first Safavid was declared shah.60
111172263Followers of the safavids were called redheads because of their distinctive head gearExplain the Red Heads61
111172264IsmailName the first Safavid Shah.62
111172265Abbas the greatName the Shah who brought the Safavid empire to its greatest extent.63
111172266PersianName the official language of the Safavid empire after Chaldiran64
111172267IsfahanName the capital of the Safavid empire under Abbas the Great.65
111172268Nadir Khan AfsharName the immediate successor of the Safavid dynasty in Persia.66
111172269BaburName the founder of the Mughal dynasty.67
111172270PanipatName the battle that the first Mughal emperor successfully defeated the Muslim ruler of the Lodi dynasty in 152668
111172271He was determined to extend Mughal control over the whole of the Indian subcontinent and he believed that it was his duty to purify Indian islam and rid it of the hindu influences.List the goals of Aurangzeb.69

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