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| 2109510770 | Charlesmagne | Emperor of the Frankish Empire and later the Holy Roman Empire. This man was the one leader who was able to temporarily unite most of Europe during the Middle Ages | 0 | |
| 2109510771 | Charles Martel | "The Hammer" the Frankish commander for the battle of Tours. He defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours, allowing Christianity to survive throughout the Dark Ages. He in a way started Feudalism by giving land to his knights that served for him | 1 | |
| 2109510772 | Charles de Montesquieu | French political thinker whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence. He also favored the idea of separation of powers | 2 | |
| 2109510773 | Mestizo | A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry. Used during Spain's reign of South America | 3 | |
| 2109510774 | Christian humanism | A movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church. | 4 | |
| 2109510775 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) | 5 | |
| 2109510776 | Holy Roman Empire | A German-based empire that was set up in western Europe and the church was the head of all the empire and had much authority | 6 | |
| 2109510777 | Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families | 7 | |
| 2109510778 | Nationalism | A sense of unity binding the people of a state together; devotion to the interests of a particular country or nation, an identification with the state and an acceptance of national goals | 8 | |
| 2109510779 | Janissaries | Christian boys taken from families and rigorously trained to serve the sultan. They then became part of an elite military force | 9 | |
| 2109510780 | Code of Bushido | A code of conduct followed by Japanese samurai fighters | 10 | |
| 2109510781 | Mesopotamia | land between the rivers; fertile crescent | 11 | |
| 2109510782 | Code of Chivalry | An honor system that strongly condemned betrayal and promoted mutual respect. Followed by most lords and knights | 12 | |
| 2109510783 | Code of Hammurabi | A collection of 282 laws. One of the first examples of written law in the ancient world | 13 | |
| 2109510784 | Columbian Exchange | An exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa | 14 | |
| 2109510785 | Mughal Empire | Period of Muslim rule of India from the 1500s to the 1700s, (1258-1858) Muslims were exiled from Spain in 1492 and Delhi became the center of the Mogul Empire until British took control | 15 | |
| 2109510786 | Delhi Sultanate | (1206-1526) Centralized Indian empire of varying extent created by Muslim invaders | 16 | |
| 2109510787 | Cotton Gin | A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 | 17 | |
| 2109510788 | Johannes Gutenberg | Invented the first printing press in 1439 | 18 | |
| 2109510789 | Cossacks | An ethnic group in the Russian empire that formed an elite cavalry army that was used to crush opposition to the Tsar | 19 | |
| 2109510790 | Council of Trent | (1545-1563) Met periodically to discuss the Catholic Church's reformation | 20 | |
| 2109510791 | Industrial Revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods | 21 | |
| 2109510792 | Montezuma | Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors | 22 | |
| 2109510793 | Crop Rotation | An agricultural technique in which crop species in a field are alternated from season to season. Gained momentum during the Agricultural Revolution | 23 | |
| 2109510794 | Agricultural Revolution | A time when new inventions such as the seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food rose dramatically. 16th and 17th centuries | 24 | |
| 2109510795 | Crusades | 1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade | 25 | |
| 2109510796 | Mamlukes | Turkish slaves that became soldiers and bodyguards to the Abbasid caliphate | 26 | |
| 2109510797 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Rousseau believed that government should be run according to the will of the majority, which he called the General Will. He claimed that the General Will would always act in the best interest of the people. 18th century | 27 | |
| 2109510798 | Sunni Islam | Muslims that claimed whoever was deemed the best by the elite of the community should lead | 28 | |
| 2109510799 | Shi'a Muslim | Muslim that are more conservative and militant and believes only a descendent of Mohammed should rule as Caliph | 29 | |
| 2109510800 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets | 30 | |
| 2109510801 | Czar | Emperor or king of Russia before the Soviet era | 31 | |
| 2109510802 | Sultan | Title for Ottoman rulers during the rise of the Ottoman Empire | 32 | |
| 2109510803 | Deism | A concept of God during the Scientific Revolution; the role of divinity was limited to setting natural laws in motion | 33 | |
| 2109510804 | Martin Luther | 16th century German monk and professor who is considered to be the person who started the Protestant Reformation; he began by criticizing Church practices (mainly indulgences) and ultimately broke with the Catholic Church to form his own new religious faith | 34 | |
| 2109510805 | Mayan Civilization | A major pre-Columbian civilization that reached its peak in the 9th century AD and produced magnificent ceremonial cities with pyramids, a sophisticated mathematical and calendar system, and hieroglyphic writing | 35 | |
| 2109510806 | Olmec Civilization | Civilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in 1200 BC and widely influenced the late civilization of the Maya | 36 | |
| 2109510807 | Jenne Jeno | The first well known indigenous city in sub saharan Africa where inhabitants lived in neighboring independent clusters rather than a single urban center. Unique because it didn't appear to have a centralized government. | 37 | |
| 2109510808 | Harappan Civilization | Another name for the Indus valley civilization that arose along the Indus river, possibly as early as 7000 BC; characterized by sophisticated city planning | 38 | |
| 2109510809 | Guild | Craftsmen united to protect their common interest. Were usually self governed. | 39 |
