Terms : Hide Images
| 5670413867 | Aryans | Indo-European ; hunting and herding people originally from central asia | 0 | |
| 5670418794 | ahimsa | Jain term for the principle of nonviolence to other living things or their souls | 1 | |
| 5670427912 | aboriginals | people native to a land | 2 | |
| 5670432938 | Aristotle / Socrates / Plato | ... | 3 | |
| 5670432939 | Alexander the Great | invaded india, while he didn't establish a durable empire, he did allow important Indian contacts with Hellenistic culture | 4 | |
| 5670452262 | aristocracy | one of the highest social classes in any given society that is usually associated w wealth and sometimes hierarchy titles of nobility | 5 | |
| 5670452263 | ascetic | person who practices severe self discipline and abstention | 6 | |
| 5670455059 | Bantu | Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages. | 7 | |
| 5670458248 | Bhagavad Gita | The most important work of Indian sacred literature, a dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna on duty and the fate of the spirit. | 8 | |
| 5670481588 | boddhisatvas | (Mahayana Buddhism) person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so out of compassion in order to save suffering begins | 9 | |
| 5670488883 | Badouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam.. Muhammed's tribe. | 10 | |
| 5670496833 | brahmin | the highest of the four varnas: the priestly or sacerdotal category | 11 | |
| 5670499986 | Brahman | single spiritual power that Hindus believe lives in everything | 12 | |
| 5670499987 | cuneiform | Wedge-shaped writing in the form of symbols incised into clay tablets; used in Mesopotamia. | 13 | |
| 5670513487 | caste | rigid system of social classification introduced by Aryans | 14 | |
| 5670513488 | caliph | chief Muslim civil and religious ruler | 15 | |
| 5670532173 | civil service examinations | recruitment and admission to the civil service | 16 | |
| 5670532174 | civilization | stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced | 17 | |
| 5670544234 | city-states | sovereign state that consists of a city and the dependent territories | 18 | |
| 5670547126 | caravanserai | roadside inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey | 19 | |
| 5670576635 | Confucius | Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher | 20 | |
| 5670604907 | dharma | the law of moral consequences | 21 | |
| 5670612758 | Delian League | conflict between Persia and Greece | 22 | |
| 5670618015 | dar al-Islam | religious conceptualization of the world as belonging either to Muslim or non-Muslim territory, exists within Islam significance: Allowed for expeditions from other countries to be facilitated | 23 | |
| 5670618016 | dhow | a lateen-rigged ship with one or two masts, used in the Indian Ocean. | 24 | |
| 5670627577 | desertification | the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture | 25 | |
| 5670630691 | deforstation | transforming a forest into cleared land | 26 | |
| 5670633847 | direct democracy | people decide (e.g. vote on) policy initiatives directly | 27 | |
| 5670633848 | Daoism | religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao | 28 | |
| 5670673894 | Edict of Milan | letter signed by the Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius, that proclaimed religious toleration in the Roman Empire. The letter was issued in 313, shortly after the end of the persecution of Christians by the emperor Diocletian. | 29 | |
| 5670676942 | Epic of Gilgamesh | The most famous extant literary work from ancient Mesopotamia, it tells the story of one man's quest for immortality. | 30 | |
| 5670676943 | empire | large territory that includes diverse culture groups under a single supreme authority | 31 | |
| 5670679916 | enlightenment | state of being enlightened | 32 | |
| 5670679917 | Four Noble Truths | Part of the Dharma of Buddhism 1. All life is suffering 2. Desire is the cause of suffering 3. Removing desire removes suffering 4. This may be done through the 8-fold path | 33 | |
| 5725925740 | Five Pillars | 1. There is only one god, Allah 2. You must pray five times a day facing Mecca 3. You must pay the government Zakat 4. You must fast for Ramadan 5. You must make a Pilgrimage to Mecca sometime during your life. | 34 | |
| 5670695148 | Fertile Cresent / Tigris & Euphrates | The Fertile Crescent, nicknamed "The Cradle of Civilization" for the fact the first civilizations started there, is a crescent-shaped region containing the comparatively moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi-arid Western Asia | 35 | |
| 5670729442 | feudalism | system of decentralized gov't in which rule is help by landowners who are obligations of loyalty and military service to their superiors and protection to those under them | 36 | |
| 5670729443 | Hammurabi | Babylonian king that came up with a system of law | 37 | |
| 5670731899 | Hellenistic | culture derived from Greek civilization that flourished between 800 and 400 BCE | 38 | |
| 5670731900 | helots | Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B.C.E. | 39 | |
| 5670731901 | hajj | the fifth pillar of Islam, a pilgrimage to Mecca | 40 | |
| 5670734876 | hijrah | The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam (islam) | 41 | |
| 5670734877 | Huang He | river along which Chinese civilization developed ("Yellow River"), people dredged and deepened the bed to prevent flooding | 42 | |
| 5670739134 | hieroglyphics | Ancient Egyptian writing system; literally,"sacred carvings"-so named because the Greeks saw them prominently displayed in Egyptian Temples. | 43 | |
| 5670751035 | Indus River Valley | In south asia very fertile region. City disappeared, unknown why. Perhaps natural disaster shift of pattern of river caused collapstion, called system failure. much larger territory than mesopotamia. monsoons and and river overflows=bring fertile soil. | 44 | |
| 5670753636 | Indo-European | Group of Asian peoples who migrated to many different places: Ex. Hittites to Turkey; Aryans to India | 45 | |
| 5670753637 | jati | Hinduism subcaste; each class of the caste system has numerous subgroups (more than 3,000 categories) | 46 | |
| 5670758107 | jizya | head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories | 47 | |
| 5670758108 | jihad | Islamic holy war; Struggle often used for wars in defense of the faith | 48 | |
| 5670761079 | karma | In Indian tradition, the residue of deeds performed in past and present lives that adheres to a 'spirit' and determines what form it will assume in its next life cycle. Used in India to make people happy with their lot in life. | 49 | |
| 5670768029 | kinship group | a close connection marked by community of interests or similarity in nature or character; a social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption | 50 | |
| 5670771183 | lex talionis | The law of retaliation, whereby a punishment resembles the offense committed in kind and degree | 51 | |
| 5670791821 | latifundia | a large landed estate or ranch in ancient Rome or more recently in Spain or Latin America, typically worked by slaves. | 52 | |
| 5670795033 | loess | Yellowish-brown dust that makes a fertile soil | 53 | |
| 5670810836 | moksha | release from samsara | 54 | |
| 5670814375 | mandate of heaven / son of heaven | The ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently. | 55 | |
| 5670814376 | magi | a member of a priestly caste of ancient Persia | 56 | |
| 5670826581 | madrasas | Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious | 57 | |
| 5670826582 | Mecca | City located in the mountainous region along the Red Sea in the Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quarysh; place where the Ka'ba is located. | 58 | |
| 5670830839 | monotheism / polytheism | one god / many gods | 59 | |
| 5670830840 | Mecoamerica | A region of great geographic and climate diversity. The early and great civilizations of the olmec and chavin were in Mesoamerica. | 60 | |
| 5670837389 | maize | corn | 61 | |
| 5670837390 | mumification | the process of draining, disecting, and preserving of a body after death ; such as pharaohs in egypt | 62 | |
| 5670839701 | monastery | a building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows. | 63 | |
| 5670839702 | monarchy | a form of government with a monarch at the head. | 64 | |
| 5670879003 | mamelukes | Turkic group; formerly military slaves; took control of Egypt; est empire across N. Africa | 65 | |
| 5670879004 | Muhammad | (Muslim) messenger from Allah | 66 | |
| 5670882112 | Mecca | a city in West Saudi Arabia: birthplace of Muhammad; spiritual center of Islam | 67 | |
| 5670882113 | nomads | people who wander from place to place | 68 | |
| 5670885243 | nirvana | a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism | 69 | |
| 5670894129 | Noble Eightfold Path | Buddha taught as the path to nirvana or enlightenment and consisting of Right View/Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration | 70 | |
| 5670899925 | Neolithic Revolution | the shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis around 8,000 BC | 71 | |
| 5670899926 | Nile River | Central Africa and flowing north to the Mediterranean Sea, with its delta in Egypt; longest river in the world | 72 | |
| 5670899927 | oracle bones | In Chinese civilization, animal bones that were heated and the cracks then interpreted as prophecies. The prophecies were written on the bone and provide our earliest written sources for ancient China. | 73 | |
| 5670913782 | oligarchy | a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. | 74 | |
| 5670924982 | Phenicians | people occupying the land above Israel, refered to as Phoenicia. Phoenicians were primarily interested in trade as a form of government, which was facilitated by the expanse of the Mediterranean to the west. | 75 | |
| 5670924983 | paterfamilias | The head of a family or household in Roman law - always a male - and the only member to have full legal rights. | 76 | |
| 5670928730 | patricians | wealthy class in Roman society ; landowners | 77 | |
| 5670928731 | plebeians | ordinary roman citizens | 78 | |
| 5670939169 | patriarchal | ... ran by men | 79 | |
| 5670943568 | papyrus | material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing or painting on and also for making rope, sandals, and boats | 80 | |
| 5670943569 | pharaoh | Egyptian king | 81 | |
| 5670946513 | polis | city state in ancient Greece (ideal philosophical purposes) | 82 | |
| 5670946514 | Punic Wars | three Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome took place over nearly a century | 83 | |
| 5670949655 | People of the Book | Jews and Christians as regarded by Muslims | 84 | |
| 5670952941 | qanat | gently sloping underground channel or tunnel constructed to lead water from the interior of a hill to a village below | 85 | |
| 5670956237 | Rig-Veda | 1028 hymns dedicated to Aryan gods and composed by various priest | 86 | |
| 5670962157 | Royal Road | ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt by the Persian king Darius the Great of the Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century BC | 87 | |
| 5670962158 | republic | representative got; elected officials; Rome | 88 | |
| 5670965596 | sati | former Hindu practice of a widow throwing herself onto her husband's funeral pyre | 89 | |
| 5670965597 | samsara | cycle of death and life to which life in the material world is bound | 90 | |
| 5670968730 | satraps | governors of the ancient Persian empire | 91 | |
| 5670968731 | Sanskrit | first literary language of the new culture | 92 | |
| 5670974021 | syncretic | unification of opposing ideas, religions, practices, and people | 93 | |
| 5670974022 | Shi Huangdi | founder of the Qin dynasty | 94 | |
| 5670981980 | Siddartha Gautama | Buddha | 95 | |
| 5670985570 | Silk Roads | historically international trade route between china and the mediterranean | 96 | |
| 5670985571 | sultan | leader of Seljuk Turks title reduced caliph of Abbasids to chief Sunni religious authority | 97 | |
| 5670989545 | sharia | Islamic law prescribing both religious and secular duties and sometimes retributive penalties for lawbreaking. | 98 | |
| 5670997464 | Sunni / Shai / Sufi | ... | 99 | |
| 5670997465 | tyrant | leader who siezedd power w peoples support;, eventually abused power -> lost support of people | 100 | |
| 5670999913 | tribute | payment made periodically by one state or ruler to another, especially as a sign of dependence | 101 | |
| 5671002505 | Upanishads | collection of texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts of Hinduism epic poem with more mystical religious flavor | 102 | |
| 5671002506 | Vedas | large body of texts originating in the ancient Indian subcontient (the sacred books)) | 103 | |
| 5671007420 | veneration of ancestors | love and respect for the diseased | 104 | |
| 5671010834 | varna | one of the classes of Hindu society | 105 | |
| 5671015866 | wuwei | concept of Toaism that means action does not involve struggle or excessive effort | 106 | |
| 5671015867 | ziggurats | form of a temple common to the Sumerians, Babylonians and Assyrians of ancient Mesopotamia | 107 | |
| 5671201728 | Zoroastrianism / Ahura Mazda | A religion founded in ancient Persia by the Prophet of the similar name. The religion centers on the worship of a god named Ahura Mazda and it teaches that a strict dualism of good and evil operates in the world until good triumphs over evil in a final apocalypse | 108 |
