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| 3844448491 | World economy | Established by the Europeans by the 16th century; Based on control of the seas, including the Atlantic in the Pacific; created international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products. | 0 | |
| 3844448492 | Cape of good hope | Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India. | 1 | |
| 3844448493 | Columbus, Christopher | Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; Successfully sailed to the New World and returned in 1492; initiated European discoveries in America. | 2 | |
| 3844448494 | Magellan, Ferdinand 1480-1521 | Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated for circumnavigation of the globe; died during voyage; allowed Spain to claim Philippines. | 3 | |
| 3844448495 | Dutch East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in Asia acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed. | 4 | |
| 3844448496 | British East India Company | Joint stock company that obtain government monopoly over trade in India; acted as a virtually independent government in regency claimed. | 5 | |
| 3844448497 | Lepanto | Naval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire resulting in a Spanish victory in 1571. | 6 | |
| 3844448498 | Core nations | Nations usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as exported manufactured goods for raw materials | 7 | |
| 3844448499 | Mercantilism | Economic theory that stress the government's promotion of limitation of exports from one other nations and international economiesin order to improve tax revenues; popular during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe. | 8 | |
| 3844448500 | Mestizos | People of mixed European and Indian ancestry and miso America and South America; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain often part of forced labor system. | 9 | |
| 3844448501 | Balboa,Vasco de1475-1519 | First Spanish captain to begin settlement of the mainland of me so America in 1509; initial settlement eventually lead to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains. | 10 | |
| 3844448502 | Pizarro, Francisco | Lead a conquest of Inca empire of brew beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish. | 11 | |
| 3844448503 | New France | Colonies in North America; extended from St. Lawrence River along great lakes and down Mississippi River Valley system. | 12 | |
| 3844448504 | Seven years war | Thought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763; resulted in Persian seizures of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India in North America. | 13 | |
| 3844448505 | Treaty of Paris | Arranged in 1763following seven years war; granted new France England in exchange for return of French sugar islands in the Caribbean. | 14 | |
| 3844448506 | Cape colony | Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch Seaborn empire; by 1770s settlements had expanded sufficiently to become in conflict with Bantus. | 15 | |
| 3844448507 | Boers | Dutch settlers in Cape colony, in southern Africa. | 16 | |
| 3844448508 | Calcutta | Headquarters a British East India Company in Bengal in India subcontinent; located on Ganges; captured in 1756 during the early part of seven years war; later became administrative center for all of Bengal. | 17 | |
| 3844448509 | Machiavelli, Niccolo | Author of the prince in the 16th century; Emphasize realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power; one of the most of Italian Renaissance. | 18 | |
| 3844448510 | Humanism | Focus on humankind a center of intellectual and artistic endeavor method of study that emphasize the superiority of classical forms over medieval styles, in particular to the study of ancient languages. | 19 | |
| 3844448511 | Northern Renaissance | Cultural and intellectual movement of the northern Europe; began later than Italian Renaissance which was in 1450 centered in France, low countries, England and Germany, featured greater emphasis on religion then Italian Renaissance | 20 | |
| 3844448512 | Francis the first | King of France in the 16th century; regarded as Renaissance Monarch; patron of the arts; impose a new controls on Catholic Church; ally of Ottoman sultan against holy Roman emperor. | 21 | |
| 3844448513 | Gutenberg | Introduced mobile type of Western Europe in 15th century credited greatly expanded availability of printed books and pamphlets. | 22 | |
| 3844448514 | European-style family | Originated in 15th-century among peasants in our things of Western Europe, featuring late marriage age, emphasis on the nuclear family, and Marge minority who never married. | 23 | |
| 3844448515 | Luther, Martin | 1483-1546. German monk; initiated notice and Reformation in 1517 by nailing 95 thesis the door of Wittenberg church in the size premises of faith overworks stress in Catholic Church; excepted state control of church. | 24 | |
| 3844448516 | Protestantism | General wave of religious dissenters against Catholic church; generally held to have begun with Martin Luther's attack on E's in 1517 included many varieties of religious belief. | 25 | |
| 3844448517 | Anglican church | Form of Protestantism set up in England after 1534; established by Henry the eighth with himself as head, at least in part to obtain divorce from his first wife; became increasingly products and following Henry's death. | 26 | |
| 3844448518 | Calvin, Jean | French Protestant Who lived in the 16th century. He stressed doctrine of Predestination;establish center of this group at Swiss Canton of Geneva; encourage ideas of water access the government, wider public education, Calvinism spread from Switzerland to northern Europe and North America. | 27 | |
| 3844448519 | Catholic reformation | Restatement of traditional Catholic believes in response to the protestant reformation in the 16th century. It established councils the revive Catholic doctrine and refuted protestant beliefs. | 28 | |
| 3844448520 | Jesuits | A new religious order founded during the Catholic Reformation, active in politics, education, and missionary work; sponsored missions to South America, North America and Asia. | 29 | |
| 3844448521 | Edict of nantes | Grant of tolerance to Protestants in France in 1598; granted only after the Civil War between Catholic and Protestant factions. | 30 | |
| 3844448522 | 30 years war | War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies Sweden Denmark in France and the Emperor and his ally, Spain. This war ended in 1648 after great distraction with treaty of Westfalia. | 31 | |
| 3844448523 | Treaty of Westfalia | End it 30 years war in 1648. This treaty granted rights individual rulers with in the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion either Protestant or Catholic. | 32 | |
| 3844448524 | English Civil War | Conflict from 1640 to 1660; featured religious disputes makes with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy. It ended with the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following execution of the previous king. | 33 | |
| 3844448525 | Proletariat | Class of working people without access to producing property; typically manufacturing workers, they laborers in agricultural economy, Or urban poor; in Europe. | 34 | |
| 3844448526 | Witchcraft persecution | Reflective resentment against the poor. Uncertainties about religious truth; resulted in death of over 100,000 Europeans between 1590 in 1650; particularly common in protestant areas. | 35 | |
| 3844448527 | Scientific revolution | 17th century. Period of advances associated with development of the water theoretical generalizations; resulted in change in traditional beliefs. | 36 | |
| 3844448528 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish month and astronomer proved Hellenistic believe that the earth was at the center of the universe. | 37 | |
| 3844448529 | Galileo | Publish Copernicus's findings added own discoveries concerning laws of gravity and planetary motion. Continue by the Catholic Church for his work. | 38 | |
| 3844448530 | Harvey, William | English position who demonstrated circular movement of blood and animals, function of the heart as a pump. | 39 | |
| 3844448531 | Bacon, Francis | English philosopher, statesman, author, and scientific and influential member of the scientific revolution. Created scientific method. | 40 | |
| 3844448532 | Newton, Isaac | English scientist, author of PrincipiaJersey gather astronomical and physical observations in the water theory into the neat framework of natural laws. Created principles of gravity. | 41 | |
| 3844448533 | Deism | Concept of God current during the scientific revolution. Role of Divinity was to set natural laws in motion, not to regulate once progress had begun. | 42 | |
| 3844448534 | Locke, john | English philosopher who are you that people could learn everything through senses and reason and that the power of the government came from the people not divine right of kings. | 43 | |
| 3844448535 | Frederick the great | Prussian king that attempted to introduce enlightenment reforms into Germany. | 44 | |
| 3844448536 | Enlightenment | Intellectual movement center in France during the 18th-century, featured scientific advance, application of scientific methods to study of human society. | 45 | |
| 3844448537 | Diderot, Denis | Created the first encyclopedia | 46 | |
| 3844448538 | Wollstonecraft, Mary | Enlightenment feminists finger in England; argued that new political rights should be extended to women. | 47 | |
| 3844448539 | Mass consumerism | The spread of deep interest in acquiring material goods and services below elite levels. | 48 | |
| 3844448540 | Proto - globalization | Used to describe the increase global contact from 16th century to onward. | 49 | |
| 3844448541 | Ferdinand of Aragon | Along with Isabella of Castile, monarch of the largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia; marriage to Isabella created United States; responsible for reconquest of Granada. Explored the New World | 50 | |
| 3844448542 | Caribbean | First area of Spanish exploration and settlement. | 51 | |
| 3844448543 | Hispaniola | First Island in the Caribbean settled by Spaniards. | 52 | |
| 3844448544 | Encomienda | Grant of Indian labors made to Spanish conquerors in settlers in me so America and South America | 53 | |
| 3844448545 | Encomendero | The holder of a grant of Indians who were required to pay tribute or provide labor. | 54 | |
| 3844448546 | Cortéz | Lead expedition of 600 to coast of Mexico responsible for the defeat of the Aztec empire. | 55 | |
| 3844448547 | Moctezuma the 2nd | Last independent Aztec emperor; killed during Cortez's conquest of Tenochtitlan. | 56 | |
| 3844448548 | Mexico city | Capital of new Spain | 57 | |
| 3844448549 | New Spain | Spanish colony | 58 | |
| 3844448550 | Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | Leader of Spanish expedition into northern frontier region of new Spain. Entered the US in search of the cities of gold. | 59 | |
| 3844448551 | Pedro de valdivia | Spanish conquistador. Conquered chile. | 60 | |
| 3844448552 | Sociedad de castas | American social system based on racial origins. Europeans or whites a top, black slaves or Native Americans at bottom, mixed race in the middle. | 61 | |
| 3844448553 | Peninsulares | People living in the New World Spanish colonies but born in Spain. | 62 | |
| 3844448554 | Creoles | Whites born in New World. | 63 | |
| 3844448555 | Triangular trade | Commerce linking Africa, the New World colonies, and Europe. Slaves Carrie to America for sugar and tobacco transported to Europe. | 64 | |
| 3844448556 | Middle passage | Sleigh voyage from Africa to the Americas generally a dramatic experience for black slaves although it failed to strip Africans of their culture. | 65 | |
| 3844448557 | Creole slaves | American-born descendants of African born slaves. | 66 | |
| 3844448558 | Pamares | Kingdom in Brazil made up of 8000 to 10,000 runaway slaves. | 67 | |
| 3844448559 | Romanov Dynasty | Dynasty elected in 1613 at end of time of troubles, ruled Russia until 1917 | 68 | |
| 3844448560 | Catherine the great | German born Russian czar in the 18th century ruled after assassination of her husband. | 69 | |
| 3844448561 | Pugachev rebellion | During rain of Catherine the great lead by Kossack 1 million who claim to be the legitimate's tsar, eventually crushed, typical of peasant and rest during the 18th-century in there after. | 70 | |
| 3844448562 | Ottoman | A dynasty establish at the beginning of the 13th century by Turkic peoples from Central Asia. | 71 | |
| 3844448563 | Safavid dynasty | Originally a Turkic nomadic group, family originated in Sufi mystic group. Equivalent to modern Iran. | 72 | |
| 3844448564 | Mughal empire | Established by Babur. He claimed to be of Mongol dissent. | 73 | |
| 3844448565 | Mehmed the 2nd | Ottoman sultan called the conqueror, responsible for the conquest of Constantinople and the destroying of the rest of the Byzantine Empire. | 74 | |
| 3844448566 | Janissaries | Ottoman infantry divisions the dominated ottoman in armies. Made up of Christian Balkan boys who are sometimes sold by their parents into slavery. | 75 | |
| 3844448567 | Vizier | Equivalent of sultan to Ottomans | 76 | |
| 3844448568 | Mullahs | Local mosque officials and prayer leaders with in the soffit Empire | 77 | |
| 3844448569 | Sati | Burning of the widows | 78 | |
| 3844448570 | Purdah | The seclusion of Indian women in their homes. | 79 | |
| 3844448571 | Taj Mahal | Most famous architectural achievement of India, originally built as a mausoleum for the wife of shah jahan | 80 | |
| 3844448572 | Mumtaz mahal | Wife of creator of the Taj Mahal. Muslim, had active political role. | 81 | |
| 3844448573 | Sikhs | Sect in Northwest Indiana. Brought together Hinduism and Islam | 82 |
